Chemistry 9 - Mid Term 1 Exam

Question 1 - Particles of Matter

a) Protons, neutrons and electrons are subatomic particles.

Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, a neutron and an
electron. [5]

particle relative mass relative charge

proton

neutron

electron

b) Kinetic theory explains the properties of matter in terms of the arrangement and movement of
particles.
i. Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. Nitrogen molecules, N2, are spread far apart and
move in a random manner at high speed.
Draw the electronic structure of a nitrogen molecule. Show only the outer electron shells
[2]
Compare the movement and arrangement of the molecules in solid nitrogen to those in
nitrogen gas. [3]

ii. A sealed container contains nitrogen gas. The pressure of the gas is due to the molecules of
the gas hitting the walls of the container. Use the kinetic theory to explain why the pressure
inside the container increases when the temperature is increased. [3]

iii. Define the term diatomic. [2]

iv. Define the term Isotope and Give any 3 examples of isotopes. [5]

Question 2 - Atoms, Elements and Compounds

The table below gives the electron distributions of atoms of different elements.
For each of the following, select an element or elements from the table that matches the description.
Each element may be selected once, more than once or not at all.

a) These two elements are in the same group [2]

b) This element forms a fluoride with a formula of the type XF3. [2]

c) This element reacts violently with cold water. [2]

d) This element has a macro-molecular structure similar to that of diamond. [2]

e) The only oxidation state of this element is 0. [2]

f) This element is bromine. [2]

g) This element is a good conductor of electricity [2]

h) For each of the following elements give one physical property and one chemical property.
i. bromine (Br2) [2]
physical property
chemical property

ii. Carbon (C) [2]

physical property
chemical property

iii. manganese (Mn) [2]

physical property
chemical property

Question 3 - Separation techniques

a) Explain what is meant by the term fractional distillation. [2]

b) A major source of energy is the combustion of fossil fuels. [4]

i. Name a solid fossil fuel.
ii. Name a gaseous fossil fuel.

Petroleum is separated into more useful fractions by fractional distillation. [6]

iii. Name two liquid fuels obtained from petroleum.
iv. Name two other useful products obtained from petroleum that are not used as fuels.
 v. Give another mixture of liquids that is separated on an industrial scale by fractional
distillation.

c) A list of techniques used to separate mixtures is given below.

Chromatography Crystallization Diffusion Evaporation

Filtration Fractional distillation Simple distillation

From the list, choose the most suitable technique to separate the following. [8]

i. Water from sea-water ..........................................................................................................

ii. helium from a mixture of helium and methane ...................................................................
iii. ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and propanol .................................................................
iv. Iron filings from a mixture of iron fillings and water ............................................................
v. a mixture of two amino acids, glycine and alanine ..........................................................…
vi. methane from a mixture of the gases, methane and ethane ..................
vii. water from aqueous magnesium sulfate ..................
viii. zinc sulfate crystals from aqueous zinc sulfate ..................

Question 4

a) What is meant by the term diffusion? Explain your answer in terms of particle. [3]

b) Substances can be classified as:

elements or mixtures

Elements can be divided into:

metals or non-metals

Define each of the following terms. [3]

i. element .............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
ii. compound .........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
iii. mixture ..............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................

Classify each of the following as either an element, compound or mixture. [3]

iv. brass ....................................................................................................................
v. carbon dioxide .....................................................................................................
vi. copper ..................................................................................................................

vii. Which physical property is used to distinguish between metals and non-metals? It is possessed
by all metals but by only one non-metal. [1]