1

1 Some properties of sodium chloride are shown:

• melting point of 801 °C

• non-conductor of electricity when solid
• conductor of electricity when molten
• soluble in water.

(a) Name the type of bonding in sodium chloride.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain why sodium chloride conducts electricity when molten.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

2 Explain why magnesium ions have a charge of 2+.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
2−
3 Sulfide ions, S , have the electronic structure 2,8,8.

(a) Explain why sulfide ions have a charge of 2−.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Give the formula of:

2−
an anion which has the same electronic structure as S .................................................
2−
a cation which has the same electronic structure as S ................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]
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4 A carboxylic acid Y has the structure shown.

H C O H

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of carboxylic
acid Y.

H C O H

.
[3]

[Total: 3]

5 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of

phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl3. Show outer shell electrons only.

Cl P Cl

Cl

[2]

[Total: 2]
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6 Complete the table to:

• deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the boron atom and chloride ion
shown
• identify the atom or ion represented by the final row.

number of number of number of

formula
protons electrons neutrons

11
5B 5

35 –
17Cl 17

24 21 30

[5]

[Total: 5]

7 The electronic structures of some atoms and ions are shown.

A B C D
2+ 3–
+

E F G H
–
–

(a) Write the letters, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, of the electronic structures which show:

(i) atoms of two different noble gases ................................... and ....................................

[2]
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(ii) an ion of a Group I element ..........................................................................................

[1]

(iii) an ion of a Group V element ........................................................................................

[1]

(iv) a pair of ions that could form a compound with the formula XY2. ............ and ...........

[1]

(b) State which electronic structure, A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H, is incorrect.

Explain why.

incorrect electronic structure ...........................................................................................

explanation ......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) State how many protons are found in the nucleus of ion C. .............................................

[1]

(d) Use the Periodic Table to deduce:

(i) the chemical symbol for ion G .......................................................................

[1]

(ii) the element which forms an ion with a 3+ charge and the same electronic structure as
H.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 10]