Summative assessment for unit 11 Grade

Atomic structure and Amount of substance

Student’s name__________________________________ Group _________
1. The diagram below shows the behaviour of the 3 fundamental particles of an atom, when passed through an
electric field.

A
B
C

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i. Identify the particles represented by A, B and C and explain the shapes and direction of the paths traced by
these fundamental particles as they pass through the electric field
A......................................................................................................................................................................................
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B………………………………………………………………………………...
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C……………………………………………………………………………...
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2. The diagram below shows a section of a mass spectrometer between the acceleration stage and the detection
stage. The accelerated ions are from a sample of krypton which has been ionised as follows:
Kr(g) = Kr+ (g) + e
The ions are deflected in four distinct paths, A, B, C and D. Ions are detected and a mass spectrum is then
produced.
A
a c c e le ra te d
io n s

B
D
C

to d e te c to r
(ii) What deflects the moving ions round a curved path?
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(iii) Why do the Kr+ ions from this sample of krypton separate into four paths?
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3. Ge consist of 3 isotopes, the picture below shows the rmass spectrs of germanium

i. Use the data in the spectra to calculate the relative atomic mass of Ge. Show all your working and
leave your answer correct to one decimal place.

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ii. Why is a mass spectrometer incapable of distinguishing between the ions 14N+ and 14N22+ ?

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4. Complete the following electron configurations.

(i) Cu 1s22s22p63s23p6 ...............................................................................

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(ii) Cu2+ 1s22s22p63s23p6 ..............................................................................

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5. The values of the first ionisation energies of neon, sodium and magnesium are 2080, 494 and 736 kJ/mol,
respectively.

(a) Give a definition for the term first ionization energy of an atom.

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(b) Write an equation to illustrate the process occurring when the fourth ionisation energy of
magnesium is measured.
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(c) Explain why the value of the first ionisation energy of magnesium is higher than that of sodium.

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6. Ammonium sulfate reacts with sodium hydroxide to form ammonia, sodium sulfate and water as shown in the
equation below.
(NH4)2SO4(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2NH3(g) + Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(a)     A 3.14 g sample of ammonium sulfate reacted completely with 39.30 cm 3 of a sodium hydroxide solution.
(i)      Calculate the amount, in moles, of (NH4)2SO4 in 3.14 g of ammonium sulfate.
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(ii)     Hence calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium hydroxide which reacted.
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(iii)     Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the sodium hydroxide solution used.
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(b)     Calculate the percentage atom economy for the production of ammonia in the reaction between ammonium
sulfate and sodium hydroxide.
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7. Norgessaltpeter decomposes on heating as shown by the following equation.
2Ca(NO3)2(s)  2CaO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
A sample of Norgessaltpeter was decomposed completely. The gases produced occupied a volume of 3.50 × 10 –3
m3 at a pressure of 100 kPa and a temperature of 31 °C. (The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1)
(i)      Calculate the total amount, in moles, of gases produced.
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(ii)     Hence calculate the amount, in moles, of oxygen produced.
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8. Write balanced molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations (NIE) for each of the following reactions. Assume all
reactions occur in aqueous solution.
2NaCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) = PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
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9. The element nitrogen forms compounds with metals and non-metals. Calcium nitride contains 81.1% by mass of
the metal. Calculate the empirical formula of calcium nitride. Show your working.
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