1

1 This question is about nitrogen.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of nitrogen,
N2.
Show the outer shell electrons only.

N N

[2]

[Total: 2]

2 Sulfur is an element.

What is meant by the term element?

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

3 Magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement of the ions in magnesium
chloride. Give the charges on the ions.

The inner shells have been completed.

......... .........

Mg Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]
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4 What is the meaning of the term compound?

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

5 Lithium fluoride has ionic bonding.

What is an ionic bond?

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

6 Calcium is in Group II and chlorine is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

Explain, in terms of number of outer shell electrons and electron transfer, how calcium atoms and
chlorine atoms form ions. Give the formulae of the ions formed.

..................................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [5]

[Total: 5]

7 State the name of the particle which is lost from a lithium atom when it forms a lithium ion.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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8 Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of hydrogen.

[1]

[Total: 1]

9 The structure of ethanal is shown.

H C C O

H H

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of ethanal.
Show outer shell electrons only.

H C C O

H H

[3]

[Total: 3]
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10 A student adds excess large pieces of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, to dilute hydrochloric acid,
HCl, and measures the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, given off.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of carbon
dioxide.
Show outer shell electrons only.

O C O

[2]

[Total: 2]

11 A list of symbols and formulae is shown.

Al2O3
C2H5OH
CO2
Fe2O3
H2
He
+
K
+
Li
N2
+
Na
O

State which symbol or formula represents an ion that is formed when an atom gains electrons.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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12 Potassium is a Group I element.

Potassium combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
potassium sulfide.

....... .......

K S

.......

[3]

[Total: 3]

13 Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of the ions in
sodium oxide.

....... .......

Na O

.......

Na

[3]

[Total: 3]
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14 Nitrogen trichloride, NCl3, is a covalent compound.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of NCl3.

Show outer electrons only.

Cl N Cl

Cl

[3]

[Total: 3]

15 Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of methane, CH4.
Show outer shell electrons only.

[2]

[Total: 2]