TRƯỜNG THPT C NBK ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG HSG CHUYÊN

TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ

ĐỀ LUYỆN TẬP 3 Môn : TIẾNG ANH

Thời gian: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
(Đề có 15 trang) Ngày : ……………

I. LISTENING (60 points)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
• Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 02 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây.
• Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc.
• Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.

Part 1. For questions 1-7, listen to part of a lecture on the behaviour of dolphins and decide
whether the statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
1. There are almost 40 species of dolphin and they are only found in shallower seas.
2. The main food of dolphins is fish and squid.
3. Super-pods may have more than 1,000 dolphins and have very strong social bonds.
4. A male dolphin called Moko helped a whale and calf escape from shallow water.
5. It was discovered in May 2005 that bottlenose dolphins learn to use tools.
6. Dolphins pass knowledge from mothers to daughters, whereas primates pass to both sexes.
7. Dolphins may be aggressive towards each other due to disagreements over companions and
competition for food.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Part 2. For questions 8-14, listen to part of a speech on renewable energy that uses the power of the
sea (ocean energy) and supply the blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided.
8. Nowadays, more and more energy is required because of the growth in ____________________.
9. Wave energy has plenty of potential because waves provide ____________________ of
renewable energy.
10. However, ocean waves are erratic, that is, the wind can make them move in
____________________.
11. One major advantage of tidal energy is that tides are ____________________ than waves.
12. A planned tidal lagoon will be created in a bay at Swansea and the U-shaped breakwater will
contain ____________________.
13. The stored water is released through gates, driving the turbines in ____________________.
14. No fuel is required to make the turbines work, so it doesn’t create any ____________________.

Part 3. You will hear two psychology students discussing the effects of the order in which the
children are born.
For questions 15-18, match the personality trait a child is likely to have because of their position in
the family. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Position in family Your answers Personality Traits
15. the eldest child ................. A introverted
16. the youngest child ................. B caring
C independent
Page 1 of 15 D outgoing
 17. a twin .................
18. a child with much older siblings .................

For questions 19-21, choose the answer (А, В, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
19. What do the speakers say about the evidence relating to birth order and academic success?
A. There is conflicting evidence about whether oldest children perform best in intelligence tests.
B. Some studies have neglected to include important factors such as family size.
C. There is little doubt that birth order has less influence on academic achievement than socio-
economic status.
D. A lot of case studies show that the oldest boy might be given as much opportunities as his
younger sisters.
20. What does Ruth think is surprising about the difference in oldest children’s academic performance?
A. It is mainly thanks to their roles as teachers for their younger siblings.
B. The extra parental attention they receive at a young age makes little difference.
C. The reason for higher academic performance of oldest children is that they tend to be more
intelligent.
D. The advantages they have only lead to a slightly higher level of achievement.
21. Which experience of sibling rivalry do the speakers agree has been valuable for them?
A. Learning to say sorry.
B. Learning to fight with other children.
C. Learning to share.
D. Learning to be tolerant.

Your answers:
19. 20. 21.

Part 4: Listen to part of a radio feature on what people’s speech habits reveal about them. For
questions 22-30, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the
recording. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
• “Content analysis” focuses on (22.) ____________________ which provide insight into people.
• Businesses use content analysis to identify how (23.) ____________________ are changing.
• For government, content analysis can be a source of (24.) ____________________.
• A fingerprint word is a word that (25.) ____________________ in someone’s speech.
• In correspondence from the client, the young lawyer noticed (26.) ____________________ used
by the client which showed him to be quite literary.
• People who use “I” a lot in their speech are often thought to be a (27.) ____________________.
• The images of “staying on course” the speaker’s uncle uses reveal his (28.)
____________________ as well as his general philosophy.
• Experts can tell as much from pauses in speech as they can from (29.) ____________________.
• Content analysis is no substitute for common sense but it may be used to (30.)
____________________it.

II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (20 points)

Part 1. For questions 31-45, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
31. David looked ______ clumsy in his attempt to attract attention.
A. fancifully B. oddly C. absurdly D. reasonably
32. That little man goes unnoticed in the street, but he ______ immense power.
A. swings B. handles C. wields D. practices
33. It was so hot and ______ that day that we couldn't possibly have gone for an outing.
A. moist B. sultry C. frozen D. soggy
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34. Over there are the twelfth-century dungeons, ______ hundreds of well-known people were
tortured.
A. when B. where C. which D. from whose
35. The Queen appeared reluctant to ______her long established privileges.
A. surrender B. relinquish C. discard D. quit
36. Such relaxed days were few and far ______ in her hectic life.
A. between B. beyond C. past D. over
37. Not only is little Johnny's grammar incoherent and his spelling atrocious but also
his punctuation ______.
A. slothful B. sluggish C. heard D. haphazard
38. ______ we extricate ourselves from this with any dignity is anybody’s guess.
A. However B. That C. Whenever D. How
39. He lied under oath in court and was subsequently charged with ______.
A. poaching B. forgery C. perjury D. usury
40. The theory he put forward concerning the origin of species was highly ______.
A. disgraced B. discredited C. debased D. dishonored
41. Could you possibly ______ me at the next committee meeting?
A. stand in for B. make up for C. go back on D. keep in with
42. Her condition seems to be ______. We'll have to take her to intensive care.
A. ameliorating B. deteriorating C. amputating D. imitating
43. The Secretary of State handled the matter ______ and prevented a war.
A. adroitly B. intensely C. abjectly D. slightly
44. He's very whimsical; he does things on the ______ of the moment.
A. brim B. spur C. clap D. push
45. The Conservatives declared their intention of ______ the whole Act once they came into power.
A. repulsing B. repelling C. impelling D. repealing
Your answers:
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

Part 2. For questions 46-50, give the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space
and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Perhaps the most vivid illustration of our gift for (0. RECOGNISE) _______ is the magic of
caricature - the fact that the sparest cartoon of a familiar face, even a single line dashed off in two
seconds, can be identified by our brains in an instant. It’s often said that a good caricature looks more
like a person than the person himself. As it happens, this notion, (46. INTUITION) _______ though it
may sound, is actually supported by research. In the field of vision science, there’s even a term for this
seeming paradox - the caricature effect - a phrase that hints at how our brains misperceive faces as
much as perceive them.
Human faces are all built pretty much the same: two eyes above a nose that’s above a mouth, the
features varying from person to person generally by mere millimeters. So what our brains look for,
according to vision scientists, are the (47. LIE) _______ features - those characteristics that deviate
most from the ideal face we carry around in our heads, the running average of every visage we’ve ever
seen. We code each new face we encounter not in absolute terms but in the several ways it differs (48.
MARK) _______ from the mean. In other words, to beat what vision scientists call the (49.
HOMOGENEOUS) _______ problem, we accentuate what’s most important for recognition and
largely ignore what isn’t. Our perception fixates on the (50. TURN) _______ nose, rendering it more
porcine, the sunken eyes or the fleshy cheeks, making them loom larger. To better identify and
remember people, we turn them into caricatures.

Your answers:
Page 3 of 15
Example: (0) RECOGNITION 46. 47.
48. 49. 50.

III. READING (60 points)

Part 1. For questions 51-60, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each
gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
HOW TO COMPLAIN IN SHOPS
People love to complain. Moaning to friends can be a source of relief from the stresses and
strains of work, study or relationships. But when it comes to protesting to a retailer about (51) _______
goods and services, many of us find we don't have the nerve and chose to (52) _______ in silence.
By the time we do (53) _______ summon up the courage to make our point, we have generally
already allowed the problem to get to us, and we are angry. In this state, we can all too (54) _______
become aggressive, gearing up for battle and turning what should be a rational discussion into a
conflict.
To complain effectively, you need to be specific about your problem and communicate it clearly
using words which are objective and fair. (55) _______ over the top with emotional language and
unreasonable claims will get you nowhere. Good negotiators tend to be calm and logical. They start by
explaining the situation and stating their requirements clearly, without threat. Most complaints prompt
a defensive (56) _______ from the other person, but by being reasonable yourself, you stand more
chance of achieving the positive (57) _______ you want.
If you feel angry or upset about what has happened, by all means tell the company, but do so
calmly, (58) _______ that you understand the situation from all points of (59) _______, but explaining
what you will do if your complaint is ignored. Be sure to remember, however, that is unwise to (60)
_______ threats unless you are in a position to carry them out.
51. A. faulty B. inexpert C. improper D. scruffy
52. A. stick B. suppress C. stay D. suffer
53. A. essentially B. especially C. exceptionally D. eventually
54. A. easily B. happily C. simply D. casually
55. A. Being B. Going C. Getting D. Feeling
56. A. response B. respect C. revenge D. regard
57. A. fallout B. outcome C. turnout D. output
58. A. revealing B. exhibiting C. displaying D. demonstrating
59. A. mind B. opinion C. view D. reason
60. A. make B. bear C. do D. carry

Your answers:
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

Part 2. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
OPTIMISM AND HEALTH
Mindset is all. How you start the year will set the template for the rest, and two scientifically
backed character traits hold the key: optimism and resilience (if the prospect leaves you feeling
pessimistically spineless, the good news is that you can significantly boost both of these qualities).
Faced with 12 months of plummeting economics and rising human distress, staunchly
maintaining a rosy view might seem deludedly Pollyannaish. But here we encounter the optimism
paradox. As Brice Pitt, an emeritus professor of the psychiatry of old age at Imperial College, London,
told me: “Optimists are unrealistic. Depressive people see things as they really are, but that is a
disadvantage from an evolutionary point of view. Optimism is a piece of evolutionary equipment that
carried us through millennia of setbacks.”

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 Optimists have plenty to be happy about. In other words, if you can convince yourself that things
will get better, the odds of it happening will improve - because you keep on playing the game. In this
light, optimism “is a habitual way of explaining your setbacks to yourself”, reports Martin Seligman,
the psychology professor and author of Learned Optimism. The research shows that when times get
tough, optimists do better than pessimists – they succeed better at work, respond better to stress, suffer
fewer depressive episodes, and achieve more personal goals.
Studies also show that belief can help with the financial pinch. Chad Wallens, a social forecaster
at the Henley Centre who surveyed middle-class Britons’ beliefs about income, has found that “the
people who feel wealthiest, and those who feel poorest, actually have almost the same amount of
money at their disposal. Their attitudes and behaviour patterns, however, are different from one
another.”
Optimists have something else to be cheerful about - in general, they are more robust. For
example, a study of 660 volunteers by the Yale University psychologist Dr. Becca Levy found that
thinking positively adds an average of seven years to your life. Other American research claims to
have identified a physical mechanism behind this. A Harvard Medical School study of 670 men found
that the optimists have significantly better lung function. The lead author, Dr. Rosalind Wright,
believes that attitude somehow strengthens the immune system. “Preliminary studies on heart patients
suggest that, by changing a person’s outlook, you can improve their mortality risk,” she says.
Few studies have tried to ascertain the proportion of optimists in the world. But a 1995
nationwide survey conducted by the American magazine Adweek found that about half the population
counted themselves as optimists, with women slightly more apt than men (53 per cent versus 48 per
cent) to see the sunny side.
Of course, there is no guarantee that optimism will insulate you from the crunch’s worst effects,
but the best strategy is still to keep smiling and thank your lucky stars. Because (as every good sports
coach knows) adversity is character-forming - so long as you practise the skills of resilience. Research
among tycoons and business leaders shows that the path to success is often littered with failure: a
record of sackings, bankruptcies and blistering castigation. But instead of curling into a foetal ball
beneath the coffee table, they resiliently pick themselves up, learn from their pratfalls and march
boldly towards the next opportunity.
The American Psychological Association defines resilience as the ability to adapt in the face of
adversity, trauma or tragedy. A resilient person may go through difficulty and uncertainty, but he or
she will doggedly bounce back.
Optimism is one of the central traits required in building resilience, say Yale University
investigators in the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. They add that resilient people learn to hold
on to their sense of humour and this can help them to keep a flexible attitude when big changes of plan
are warranted. The ability to accept your lot with equanimity also plays an important role, the study
adds.
One of the best ways to acquire resilience is through experiencing a difficult childhood, the
sociologist Steven Stack reports in the Journal of Social Psychology. For example, short men are less
likely to commit suicide than tall guys, he says, because shorties develop psychological defence skills
to handle the bullies and mickey-taking that their lack of stature attracts. By contrast, those who
enjoyed adversity-free youths can get derailed by setbacks later on because they’ve never been
inoculated against aggro.
If you are handicapped by having had a happy childhood, then practising proactive optimism can
help you to become more resilient. Studies of resilient people show that they take more risks; they
court failure and learn not to fear it.
And despite being thick-skinned, resilient types are also more open than average to other people.
Bouncing through knock-backs is all part of the process.
It’s about optimistic risk-taking - being confident that people will like you. Simply smiling and
being warm to people can help. It’s an altruistic path to self-interest - and if it achieves nothing else, it
will reinforce an age-old adage: hard times can bring out the best in you.
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For questions 61-64, decide whether the following statements is True (T), False (F) or Not Given
(NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
61. The benefits of optimism on health have been long known.
62. Optimists have better relationships with people than pessimists.
63. People with happy childhoods won't be able to practise optimism.
64. Resilient people are often open, and even thick-skinned.
Your answers:
61. 62. 63. 64.

For questions 65-69, complete each sentence with the correct ending A-H.
65. Brice Pitt believes ____________________.
66. The research at Henley Centre discovers ____________________.
67. The study conducted by Adweek finds ____________________.
68. The Annual Review of Clinical Psychology reports ____________________.
69. Steven Stack says in his report____________________.
A. material wealth doesn't necessarily create happiness.
B. optimists tend to be unrealistic about human evolution.
C. optimism is advantageous for human evolution.
D. adversity is the breeding ground of resilience.
E. feelings of optimism vary according to gender.
F. good humour means good flexibility.
G. evenness of mind under stress is important to building resilience.
H. having an optimistic outlook is a habit.
Your answers:
65. 66. 67. 68. 69.

For questions 70-73, complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from
the reading passage for each answer.
A study group from Yale University had discovered that optimism can stretch one's life length by (70.)
_______ years. And another group from Harvard thinks they have found the biological basis –
optimists have better (71.) _______ because an optimist outlook boosts one's (72.) _______. The study
on (73.) _______ was cited as evidence in support of this claim.

Your answers:
70. 71.
72. 73.

Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 74 – 80, read the
passage and choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
COWBOYS OF MADAGASCAR
The anthropologist Luke Freeman joins a group of young Malagasy men on the cattle trail.
As a socio-cultural anthropologist, I’ve lived in Madagascar for more than three years and I know the
people, the language and the culture well. The cattle drives undertaken by young Malagasy men have
fascinated me ever since I lived in a remote rice-farming village in the central highlands.
74
This gives an indication of how much the Malagasy love cattle. They are potent symbols on the island
and it is common practice for young men to trade in them prior to marriage.

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To fulfil my ambition, I headed for the frontier town of Tsiroanomandidy looking for a group of
drovers with whom to share life on the road. Here I met Vonjy, a young man who had spent most of
his life driving cattle across the island.
75
Our destination sat in the middle of nowhere, abandoned in a landscape of wide plains, where nothing
grows but tall, swaying savannah grass. Undulating hills dip and rise to the horizon, the monotony
broken only by the broad red scars of soil erosion. There is often no sign of life for miles. This was the
land we were to cross with our herd of 52 zebu steers, the long-horned cattle found all over East Africa
and the Indian subcontinent.
76
Far off in the darkness glowed the orange rings of bushfires lit to burn off the old dry grass and bring
forth new green shoots. Ground that seemed flat in the daylight became treacherously uneven on a
moonless night. Some of us formed a line either side of our cattle as we struggled to keep the herd
together, shouting warnings to the drovers behind us. On one occasion we stopped to discover that two
of our steers had disappeared.
77
The next morning we awoke, dew-damp, on a cloudy hilltop, not far from our destination. The cattle
mooched slowly in the tall, wet grass. It was just dawn, but a woman and her daughter who had walked
16 kilometers to set up shop were already selling coffee and cakes wrapped in leaves.
Tsiroanomandidy hosts the largest cattle market in Madagascar. Every Wednesday, a huge cloud of
dust hangs over the town, raised by the hundreds of cattle pressed into the wooden corrals.
78
This was an easier journey, a slow wandering over the highest peaks of central Madagascar. The head
drover was a laid-back languorous man who didn’t raise an eyebrow when he heard I was joining his
team; we nicknamed him the President. Our somewhat haphazard meanderings through the hinterland
came to a sudden end when, passing through a village near Firavahana, the President found a buyer for
his cattle. It would take a couple of days to sort out the paperwork, so Vonjy and I decided to leave
him to it.
79
From there, we got a lift 400 kilometers by road down to Madagascar’s second biggest cattle market at
Ambalavao, where Vonjy had more family in the trade. We joined them on another cattle drive up
through the central highlands along Madagascar’s main north-south road.
The highlands are the most crowded part of the island; every last hectare of land has been carved into
neat rice terraces that scale the hillsides. From here, our journey took us eastwards into the forest.
80
I learnt that such minor hardships were easily overcome as my body became conditioned to the rhythm
of the road: walking at cattle pace, prodding and coaxing the beasts; listening to the drovers’ soft talk.
If there’s a lesson to be learnt from the young men with whom I travelled, it’s just how simple
travelling can be. Over the hundreds of kilometers I travelled with the drovers, I never heard a cross
word or an argument. You don’t need a whole lot to be happy on such a journey.

Missing paragraphs:
A. To add to our woes, there was no wood nearby with which to make a fire and it was a long, slow
wait for the rice to boil over smoldering dried cowpats. But we didn’t dwell on our loss, accepting it in
typically Malagasy fashion as the work of fate.
B. Cloud hung over us all day and we used our plastic sheets as raincoats, for the drizzle was
unremitting. This was perhaps the toughest bit of droving: being wet all day, sleeping in damp
bedding. Even the cattle seemed depressed as they bowed their heads into the rain. But the constant
rain did not dampen my enthusiasm for the droving life.
C. Children clamber on the fences and point out their favorites, learning to spot strengths and
weaknesses; cattle barons stand quietly eyeing up the steers and making silent calculations. We sold
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ours to a buyer from Antananarivo, who took them on to supply the capital’s meat markets. Not
wishing to take that route, Vonjy and I joined another group of drovers taking a herd of smaller cattle
to the western highlands.
D. We hit it off immediately, and after 20 minutes taking cattle, we took a truck to the isolated market
town of Ambatomainty, where we joined some of his family, who were going to buy cattle to drive
east into the highlands.
E. Surrounded by curious children, we exchanged little formal speeches of farewell, reflecting on our
time together, the companionship and laughter, the meals shared and the happy memories we would
keep in spite of the distance that would now separate us. With a plaintive song, the drovers wished us
goodbye and we left them to their trading.
F. On one occasion, a politician was giving a speech in the main street when a long-distance drive
passed through. The listeners’ attention switched immediately to admiring the cattle and greeting the
drovers; young men in rice fields downed spades and ran to the roadside; the schoolmaster let the
children out of class and the boys whooped with glee and ran alongside. The politician’s promises fell
on deaf ears.
G. The drovers knew better than to work these smaller steers too hard, and if we came across a river,
we often set up camp before sunset. With the cattle grazing nearby, we slept soundly in our makeshift
tents, the full moon shining brightly above.
H. Ours were ultimately destined for Antananarivo, the Malagasy capital, where they would fetch
roughly twice what we had paid for them. Joining up with other herds for safety, we drove them for
days under a blazing sun. I’d imagined we would stop in the early evening to set up camp, but such
was our hurry to make market day in Tsiroanomandidy that we often kept going well after sunset.
Your answers:
74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

Part 4. For questions 81-90, read the following passage and choose the letters A, B, C or D. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
If you think that we are the only creatures on Earth with a moral sense, then you're in good
company. Most experts in behavior believe that morality is a uniquely human trait, without which our
complex social life would never have emerged – yet I'm convinced that many animals can distinguish
right from wrong. Decades spent watching wild and captive animals have persuaded me that species
living in groups often have a sense of fair play built on moral codes of conduct that help cement their
social relationships. The notion of Nature being naturally ruthlessly and selfishly competitive doesn't
hold true for those of us who have observed and analyzed animal relationships.
That's not all. I suspect that herein lies the origin of our own virtue. Biologists have had real
problems trying to explain why people are frequently inexplicably nice to each other. It just doesn't
make sense in evolutionary terms, unless there are ulterior motives behind our seemingly altruistic
actions. Perhaps we expect a payback somewhere down the line, or maybe our good deeds are directed
only towards kin, with whom we share a biological heritage. Nobody has really considered the
possibility that being considerate to your neighbors might sometimes be the best way to survive. But
I'm starting to find evidence that a well-developed sense of fair play helps non-human animals live
longer, more successful lives.
I'm particularly interested in social play amongst youngsters because it has its own special rules
of engagement, allowing participants to reinterpret acts that might otherwise seem aggressive. My
studies of infant dogs, wolves and coyotes reveal that they use a special signal to prevent
misinterpretation of playful actions. They perform a 'bow' – which entails crouching on the forelimbs
while keeping the rear upright – when initiating play, or in association with aggressive actions such as
biting, to modify their meaning. And role reversal is common, so that during play a dominant animal
will often allow a subordinate to have the upper hand. Such behaviors reduce inequalities in size,
strength and dominance between playmates, fostering the co-operation and reciprocity that are

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essential for play to occur. Indeed, on the rare occasions when an animal says 'Let's play' and then
beats up an unsuspecting animal, the culprit usually finds itself ostracized by its former playmates.
My belief is that a sense of fairness is common to many animals, because there could be no
social play without it, and without social play individual animals and entire groups would be at a
disadvantage. If I'm right, morality evolved because it is adaptive. It helps many animals, including
humans, to survive and flourish in their particular social environment. This may sound like a radical
idea, particularly if you view morality as uniquely human and a sort of mystical quality that sets us
apart from other animals. But if you accept my argument that play and fairness are inextricably linked,
you're halfway there.
[A] As with any behavioral trait, the underlying genetics is bound to be complex, and
environmental influences may be large. [B] No matter. Provided there is variation in levels of morality
among individuals, and provided virtue is rewarded by a greater number of offspring, then any genes
associated with good behavior are bound to accumulate in subsequent generations. [C] And the
observation that play is rarely unfair or uncooperative is surely an indication that natural selection acts
to weed out those who don't play by the rules. [D]
What does this tell us about human morality? First, we didn't invent virtue – its origins are much
more ancient than our own. Secondly, we should stop seeing ourselves as morally superior to other
animals. True, our big brains endow us with a highly sophisticated sense of what's right and wrong, but
they also give us much greater scope for manipulating others – to deceive and try to benefit from
immoral behavior. In that sense, animal morality might be 'purer' than our own. We should accept our
moral responsibility towards other animals, and that means developing and enforcing more restrictive
regulations governing animal use. While animal minds may vary from one species to another, they are
not so different from our own, and only when we accept this can we truly be moral in our relations
with nature as a whole.
81. In the first paragraph, what does the writer state about morality?
A. Humans are the only creatures that demonstrate true emotional behavior.
B. A well-developed moral code does not lead to civilization.
C. Humans and animals share the same selfish instincts for survival.
D. There is a common misconception that animals are not moral.
82. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph?
A. People who are generous to others are not always sure why they behave that way.
B. People who do not possess good social skills achieve less in life.
C. People who behave considerately to others have selfish reasons for doing so.
D. People who treat acquaintances better than relatives are unusual.
83. Neighbors are mentioned as an example to _______.
A. illustrate the fact that another aspect of the driving force may have been overlooked
B. reiterate the notion that being nice to others is not hereditary
C. strengthen his belief that longevity does come into play concerning how kind we are
D. report that many folks are becoming increasingly disillusioned with their proclivity to helping
others
84. The word “altruistic” in Paragraph two most likely means _______.
A. strange B. democratic C. selfless D. immaterial
85. What has the writer deduced about social play from his observation of animals?
A. It provides an opportunity for physically weaker animals to develop survival skills.
B. It allows animals to prove who is dominant in the group without using real aggression.
C. It requires animals to abide by the rules or they will be excluded from the group.
D. It demonstrates that certain animals possess a large range of emotions.
86. Which of the following best summarizes the writer’s argument in the fourth paragraph?
A. There are different degrees of morality between various cultures.
B. Humans adopted moral behavior as a means of survival.
C. Groups benefit from social play more than individuals do.
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 D. Spirituality and morality are inseparable.
87. What does the writer state about the evolution of morality?
A. There may be a particular gene responsible for morality.
B. Moral development depends on physical hardships.
C. There is little point in seeking the origin of moral behavior.
D. Animals that behave fairly are more likely to breed.
88. In the final paragraph, according to the writer, people _______.
A. must treat animals on equal terms with humans.
B. should be less arrogant in their view of themselves.
C. are more advanced as they use immorality to their advantage.
D. should discriminate between which animals display morality and those that do not.
89. The writer concludes that in our relations with nature as a whole, _______.
A. an open mind is of paramount importance
B. any exploitation should be dispensed with
C. bilateral responsibility is not always conducive to a long-standing relationship
D. virtue should be perceived with a new level of intricacy
90. “I am not putting the case forward for a specific gene for fair or moral behavior”.
The sentence is extracted from somewhere in Paragraph five. Where should this sentence be located?
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]

Your answers:
81. 82. 83. 84. 85.
86. 87. 88. 89. 90.

Part 5. For questions 91-100, read the text, identify which section A–D each of the following is
mentioned. Write ONE letter A–D in the corresponding numbered space provided. Each letter may
be used more than once.
LOCKED IN TIME
What are the issues surrounding the preservation of good architecture?
A. Emerging from the Lincoln tunnel into midtown Manhattan in New York, a yellow cab from JFK
Airport takes you past an architectural masterpiece, Number 510 Fifth Avenue was originally the
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Bank and was designed in 1954 as a new kind of banking house,
something other than a thick-walled fortress. It was a glass temple of finance, inviting passers-by to
step through its cool transparency and be converted to its gleaming vision of the future. Mid-twentieth-
century banks were usually mundane but at 510 Fifth Avenue, the vault was displayed behind the
glazed facade and the escalators became central to the composition, falling and rising diagonally across
the gridded lines like an updated game of snakes and ladders. The upper floor featured a gilded screen
by the artist Harry Bertoia.
B. But things are changing at 510 Fifth Avenue. As a very carefully-designed and much-admired
building, it now finds itself at the frontier between developers and preservationists and it's turning into
quite a fight. For if there's one thing in architecture that causes friction, it's that our needs change, and
so buildings must evolve and adapt in order to stay useful. Within reason, Vornado Realty Trust, the
site's owners and one of New York's largest developers, has made the not unreasonable assumption
that this commercial building on the world's primary shopping street should be adapted to suit its new
tenant, a retailer of lumberjack-style shirts. For this purpose, the gilded screen has been dismantled, the
entrance is to be moved, the escalator reversed and the vault moved. On the basis that the facades
remain intact, the Landmarks Preservation Commission approved these changes in April. But in July, a
judge halted work after a legal challenge by the Citizens' Emergency Committee to Preserve
Preservation, which argues that, given the transparency of the facade, Landmark status must extend to
those interior features that contribute to the streetscape. Too late. It is now gutted, the interior features
broken from their positions of more than half a century.

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C. Architects are often feted for designing buildings whose form follows function. And that's
reasonable - intelligent design brings intellectual and physical beauty to the world. But architects are
no better at predicting the future than the rest of us. Hence, the flip side to architectural masterpieces:
the closer a building's form follows its function, the bigger the upheaval when the original purpose no
longer needs to be served. Preservation groups are aware that conservation is an expensive business.
Arguments to preserve for preservation's sake are weakened when loans are in short supply and the
economic buoyancy that might offer a long-term business case for the sensitive commercial usage of
old buildings starts to sink. The stronger argument is to update historic places so they can fund
themselves. In any repurposing of a historic building, something has to give. And it usually gives in
the direction of apartments, shops, restaurants or art galleries. It's a global picture.
D. The most exciting new place in New York is the High Line, built as an elevated railway through the
Meatpacking District and unused since the 1980s. It was scheduled to be torn down, but local residents
started a grass-roots movement in 1999. Three years on, they gained the authorities' support for a
radical redevelopment as a city garden, a string of improbable greenery threading through an
overlooked quarter that has since spread economic fertiliser in its wake with hotels, boutiques and bars
abounding. Back in Fifth Avenue, there's much hand-wringing over the stripped modern icon. Is it too
late to hope the perfect tenant will turn up and want to strike a deal? If it's not to change further, who
will put it back together, take care of it and run it as ... what - an icon?

In which section is each of the following mentioned? Your answers

• The idea that a preservation project can regenerate the surrounding area 91.
• Why a particular structure stood out amongst its contemporaries 92.
• The inescapable need to make compromises when structures find a new use 93.
• A successful attempt to halt the total destruction of an obsolete structure 94.
• A paradox regarding the work of highly renowned architects 95.
• An approach to saving the architectural heritage that cannot always be financed 96.
• How an architect made a feature of something which is usually obscured 97.
• A disagreement about how a principle should be applied in practice 98.
• A structure that embodied the optimism of its time 99.
• A feeling that alterations to a structure were justifiable 100.

IV. WRITING (60 points)

Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should
be between 100 and 120 words. You MUST NOT copy the original.
Sleep is essential for good health. It is a requirement in order for the body to rest, recuperate, and
rejuvenate. Most of us have experienced sleeplessness at one time or another and are familiar with the
feeling of fatigue, sleepiness and impaired daytime functioning that accompanies it. Sleep deprivation
can have a devastating impact on one's well-being, because good health is linked to having sufficient
sleep. It depends not only on the number of hours you sleep in a day, but also how well you sleep.
Sleep is one of the most essential things a human body needs in order to function effectively. Even a
short nap can benefit a tired body, and give a weary mind a few minutes of rest. A good night's sleep
removes tiredness, stress, tension and worries. Identifying and correcting poor sleeping habits can help
older adults to improve their well-being and quality of life.
There are many causes behind an inability to sleep. These can include the stress in our daily life,
our mental health and other medical conditions. When a person is deprived of sleep, the first possible
effects he feels are hallucinations and mood swings. The nervous system will be affected. Lack of
sleep will also make a person feel drowsy and unable to concentrate on his work.
There are some things to abstain from doing prior to sleeping. They include imbibing alcohol
and caffeine. Caffeine keeps us alert. Alcohol itself is sedating but if taken during the day or early
evening, it can actually lead to a rebound state of wakefulness at bedtime. Also, resist the temptation to
do a rigorous workout before going to bed. Any exertion more strenuous than a short walk after dinner
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to aid digestion will prevent you from having a good night's rest. Avoid going to bed on a full stomach
or immediately after eating a heavy meal.
Make sure you fall asleep at the same time every night, and in the same way, wake up at the
same time every morning. Then your body clock adjusts to recognize this routine. It commences to
function like an alarm-bell that tells you not only when to get up, but also when to retire for the night.
Winding down is essential for good sleep. A daily ritual to help us relax at the end of the day is a good
lead-up to falling asleep. This can take the form of a warm bath, reading, watching a relaxing TV
program, listening to soft music or any other pleasurable activity that you look forward to and does not
require too much exertion at the end of the day. Since the bedroom is where you go to sleep, make sure
that it is comfortable and has the right ambience. Adjust your bedroom temperature to be slightly cool.
In addition, keep the bedroom dark and as tidy as possible. It is not restful to sleep in a room that is
brightly lit or messy.
One of the greatest causes of sleep deprivation is the inability to stop the mind from racing with
the day's events and ongoing worries. It is almost impossible to jump into bed, close our eyes and
immediately fall asleep after coming directly home from work with the weight of the day's worries still
lingering in our minds. The key is to slow down, and try to leave your troubles behind. A warm bath, a
glass of warm milk, soothing music, a good book and dimmed lights can have a calming, therapeutic
effect.
Getting a good night's sleep can make a lot of difference to whether your next day is likely to be
a good or bad one, as lack of quality sleep can affect our attitude. Our day to day energy, work and
social interactions can also be affected by a lack of high quality sleep. Taking steps to improve our
sleep is a smart move to make. Good sleep is a combination of both good habits and a healthy lifestyle.
Your answer:
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Part 2. The chart and table below give information about population figures in Japan.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Japan’s population: past, present and future trends.

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Part 3. Write an essay of about 350 words on the following topic.

Technological development leads to a lot of environmental issues. Some people think a simple lifestyle
can preserve the environment, while others argue that technology itself can solve it.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
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