SECTION A: LISTENING

Part 1: For the questions 1-5, listen to a piece of news about a cloud kitchen, Kitopi and
decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG)
according to what you hear. Please remember to replay the recording to listen to the second
time.
1. Kitopi has every intention of expanding its business on account of the soaring demands for
food delivery.
2. Such issues as quality, speed and availability are not much problematic in traditional
dining business.
3. Kitopi attempts to create ample space for up to 70 brands with a view to speeding up
preparation.
4. Kitopi plans to achieve total automation for at least 40 percents of its products in the near
future.
5. A lot of customers cancel their orders when drivers fail to deliver food within thirty
minutes.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2: You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking. While you listen you
must complete both tasks.
TASK ONE
For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H what each speaker is talking about.
A. receiving an unwelcome visitor 1. Speaker 1
B. being blamed for something 2. Speaker 2
C. making a terrible mistake 3. Speaker 3
D. receiving an unexpected offer 4. Speaker 4
E. doing something uncharacteristic 5. Speaker 5
F. resolving a misunderstanding
G. avoiding an argument
H. changing an opinion of someone

6. Speaker 1: 7. Speaker 2: 8. Speaker 3: 9. Speaker 4: 10. Speaker 5:

TASK TWO
For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H the main feeling each speaker is expressing.
A. amusement 6. Speaker 1
B. anger 7. Speaker 2
C. guilt 8. Speaker 3
D. confusion 9. Speaker 4
E. resignation 10. Speaker 5
F. shock
G. suspicion
H. sadness

11. Speaker 1: 12. Speaker 2: 13. Speaker 3: 14. Speaker 4: 15. Speaker 5:

Part 3: For question 21-30, listen to a recording about Society and the Media and fill in the
missing information using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. You will hear the recording
twice.

TV, radio and newspapers are the three main forms of media that we have daily contact with.
Because of their importance it is (16)_____ will often go hand in hand with such a powerful
force.

The media is not always used wisely or responsibly and is often a source of gossip, scandal or
(17)_____. People, such as politicians, (18)_____ and celebrities, use it to gain support and keep
themselves (19)_____ . This is of course to their advantage but on the other hand they are also
open to the disadvantages of publicity. Private lives are brought out into the open and the word
‘private’ no longer suits the situation. A survey has been carried out asking people what they
thought of this (20)_____ and a massive 85% thought that celebrities were asking for it, 11%
believed they were still (21) _____ their privacy and 4% had no opinion either way. The survey
also asked which form of media people
felt they were most influenced by. Over (22)_____ of the people asked said TV, rather than radio
or newspapers.

This then leads us to the question of how reliable the information that we get from TV is. The
belief that if we can (23)_____ images what is happening we cannot be tricked or lied to, is a
(24)_____. Carefully chosen or edited images can deceive us more than words. Some channels
have even been (25)_____ showing scenes that were not actually from the place being reported
about. This kind of false information turns (26) _____ but how is the viewer meant to distinguish
between the two? Radio and newspapers, on the other hand rely on words to (27)_____ and if
they intentionally lie they run the risk of being taken to court later. One rock singer was recently
awarded one million pounds when a tabloid paper said he was a homosexual. Sometimes the
papers are lucky and get away with making a public apology and (28)_____ what they have
previously said about somebody. A distinction has to be made between newspapers though as
they do tend to fall into two groups: the tabloids and the (29)_____ “quality newspapers”. The
question is though, can we really trust anybody to tell us the facts (30)_____?

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

 SECTION B: GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
PART I: Choose the best answer from A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences.
Write your answers in the box provided (10 points).
1. There ________ between 4,000 and 6,000 languages in the world, depending on how you
count them.
A. are said to be B. are said that C. say to be D. said being
2. The official record for the fastest ________ if a rubik’s cube belongs to a Japanese student who
completed it in just under 15 seconds.
A. unraveling B. undoing C. unwinding D. unscrambling
3. ______, the females of a number of lizard species bear their you alive.
A. While most female lizards lay eggs
B. Upon laying eggs as most female lizards
C. To lay eggs like most female lizards
D. When eggs were laid mostly by female lizards
4. I felt over while I was climbing the stairs and my sister had to _______ a doctor
A. call on B. bring C. take D. fetch
5. She accidentally __________ when she mentioned his parents’ divorce right in the middle of
the meal.
A. went off the boil B. dropped a brick C. kicked the bucket D. held the fort
6. Children are more likely to be spoiled when their parents _______ them.
A. cosset at B. pamper round C. dote on D. cosy up to
7. I don’t understand what you are saying. What a loaf of ______.
A. crap B. drap C. tab D. rab
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions:
8. The long and inconsistent speech has proved that the chairman is inept.
A. ambitious B. skillful C. powerless D. incompetent
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions:
9. We have to be careful not to incite her suspicion when we take her to the surprise party.
A. discourage B. annoy C. arouse D. appease
Choose the correct answer A,B,C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes the
following exchange.
10. Bella and Justin are chatting with each other.
Bella: I don’t think Eric’s coming over after all.
Justin: Well, if I ______, I think his care has just turned into the driveway.
A. am not mistaken B. don’t mistake
C. am not mistaking D. haven’t mistaken

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
PART II: Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and
write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)

Line

1 Facilitator. Role Model. Innovator. This is just a small sample of the roles
2 that teachers have to play in their everyday life. With the rise of nuclear
3 families and families which both parents work, more and more children are
4 being left at home at their own devices, or under the care of a domesticated
5 helper who shall not necessarily be interested in bringing them up properly.
6 Teachers have within the years found themselves forced into a position
7 where they have to, by the extreme, performing as surrogate parents,
8 helping ensure that the future generation growing up to be adults with the
9 right set of values. They need to continuously engage alongside students not
10 just academically, but also non-academically.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION C: READING

PART I: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits each blank in the following
passage (15 points)
Nature’s Clocks

Our biological clocks govern almost every aspect of our lives. Our sensitivity to stimuli (1)
.............. over the course of the day, and our ability to perform certain functions is subject to
fluctuations. Consequently, there is a(n) (2) .............. time for tasks such as making decisions;
around the middle of the day. Anything that (3) .............. physical co-ordination, on the other
hand, is the best attempted in the early evening. What is (4) .............., there is a dramatic drop
performance if these activities are (5) .............. out at other times. The risk of accident in a
factory, for example, is 20% higher during the night (6) .............. .

Primitive humans lived their lives in tune (7) .............. the daily cycle of light and dark. Today we
are (8) .............. convinced that we can imposed schedules (9) .............. our lives at will. Sooner
or later, however, we pay a (10) .............. for ignoring our natural rhythms. A good example is jet
lag, caused when we confuse our body’s biological clocks by (11) .............. several time zones.
People suffering (12) .............. jet lag can take several days to adjust to new time zones, and have
a reduced ability to make decisions, which is a worrying thought, as serious (13) .............. of
judgement can be made. And this may be just the (14) .............. of the iceberg. An increasing (15)
.............. of people suffer from seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a form of depression that can
be triggered by living in artificial conditions. SAD can be serious, and sufferers may even need to
take antidepressant drugs.

1. A. modifies B. ranges C. varies D. wavers

2. A. peak B. summit C. maximum D. optimum
3. A. requests B. demands C. dictates D. stipulates
4. A. more B. else C. different D. up
5. A. made B. done C. carried D. performed
6. A. labour B. work C. duty D. shift
7. A. with B. to C. about D. of
8. A. powerfully B. firmly C. steadily D. highly
9. A. in B. into C. on D. onto
10. A. price B. fine C. fee D. cost
11. A. landing B. penetrating C. crossing D. travelling
12. A. of B. from C. under D. to
13. A. errors B. mistakes C. inaccuracies D. fallacies
14. A. peak B. pinnacle C. top D. tip
15. A. amount B. quantity C. number D. proportion

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

PART II: Read the following passage and think of a word which best fits each space. Use
only ONE word for each space (15 points).

Because procrastination is motivated by our negative feelings, some individuals are more
(1)……… to it than others. People who have difficulty regulating their emotions and those who
struggle with low self-esteem are much more likely to procrastinate, (2)……… of how good they
are at time management. However, it's a common (3)……… that all procrastinators are lazy. In
the body and brain, laziness is marked (4)……… no energy and general apathy. When you’re
feeling lazy, you’re more likely to sit around doing nothing than distract yourself with (5)………
tasks. In fact, many people procrastinate because they care too much. Procrastinators often report
a high fear of failure, putting things (6)……… because they’re afraid their work won’t live up to
their high standards.
(7)……… the reason for procrastination, the results are often the same. Frequent procrastinators
are likely to suffer from anxiety and depression, ongoing feelings of shame, higher stress levels
and physical ailments associated with high stress. (8)……… of all, while procrastination hurts us
in the long (9)………, it does temporarily reduce our stress level, reinforcing it as a bodily
response for coping with stressful tasks. So, how can we break the cycle of procrastination?
Traditionally, people thought procrastinators needed to cultivate discipline and practice strict time
management. But (10)………, many researchers feel the exact (11)………. Being too (12)………
on yourself can layer additional bad emotions onto a task, making the threat even more intense.
To short-circuit this stress response, we need to address and reduce these negative emotions.
(13)……… simple strategies include (14)……… a task into smaller elements or journaling about
why it's stressing you out and addressing those underlying concerns. (15)……… removing
nearby distractions that make it easy to impulsively procrastinate. And more than anything, it
helps to cultivate an attitude of self-compassion, forgiving yourself, and making a plan to do
better next time.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

PART III: Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C, or D to answer the
questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
Biological Patents
The patenting on biological matter has become particularly awkward and publicly controversial
in recent times. The reason for this is that scientists are patenting life itself, though we should be
careful about what we mean by 'life'. Many countries have allowed people to own and register
plant varieties for decades. America took the lead, starting with the 1930 Plant Patent Act,
followed by Germany and other European countries. Britain passed its Plant Varieties and Seeds
Act in 1964, when it awarded a full monopoly right to the owner of any plant that can be shown
to be novel, distinct, uniform and stable.

The test of novelty is much looser than that required for an industrial patent (who knows what
plants may be growing in the wild?). So, a plant qualifies for protection even if it has a history of
growing wild as long as it has not been sold commercially for more than four years.
At the same time, patenting a seed or a plant for agricultural purposes was regarded as being no
different from patenting a chemical or biological recipe for pharmaceutical purposes. This notion
was particularly welcome for Western farmers and horticulturalists who were eager to increase
yields as their own costs grew (especially farm wages) and foreign imports from Jew-wage
countries undercut their prices. They were also keen to grow new varieties that could be
harvested and brought to market a few weeks earlier. So, the huge investments in faster-growing
and more disease-resistant seeds over the past fifty years might not have been made if the seed
companies had not been able to protect their work.
Over that period the number of applications for plant and genetic patents has increased rapidly.
Technological advances in biotechnology have extended scientists' ability to exploit biological
matter from whole plants into their various components; from whole animals to parts of animals;
and from animals to humans. Developments in DNA and in cell technology have allowed
scientists to identify, nurture and remix cells so that they can create living material. The
identification of the human genome which contains the genes that control the 'design of each
human, will also require a property contract.

But should the genome be public property in the same way as the knowledge of blood types is?
Or should it be private property? In 1952, the American Supreme Court famously said, 'Anything
under the sun that is made by man is patentable. Since then, its position has shifted.

In Diamond V.Chakrabarty in 1980, it was asked to rule on a patent application by Anand

Chakrabarty for a genetically modified bacterial microorganism designed to gobble up oil spills
at sea. It decided to shift the dividing line to between the product of nature, whether living or not,
and human-made inventions which may, of course, be living, and it approved the patent. In 1987,
the US Patent Office issued new guidelines which stated that all bio-organisms except humans
could be patented.

The Patent Office later issued a patent to Harvard University for an experimental mouse Known
as Oncomouse, into which an oncogene had been inserted for the purpose of medical research.
The European Patent Office, after initially demurring, did likewise) It said Oncomouse was such
a considerable manipulation of genetic material as to be new and unique. It was protested on
ethical grounds that the mice would suffer during the research, but the PO decided that the benefit
to society outweighed the loss to the mouse; a neat variation on the 'property contract that
balances the creators’ reward against the social gain. This rapid shift over seven years was a
breath-taking expansion of private property and a massive change in attitude towards the
ownership of life.

Another odd case that reinterpreted the property contract against our common instincts occurred
when a Californian University medical centre managed to own and patent the cell line found in a
spleen taken from a patient John Moore, who had hairy-cell leukaemia The doctors had
discovered that Moore's T-lymphocytes were extremely fare and of great medical value. Without
informing him, they carried out intensive tests that ended with the removal of his spleen. The
cells were indeed as valuable as expected, generating products worth hundreds of millions of
dollars. When Moore discovered how the university had privatised his cells, and made huge
profits, he sued, but he lost. The Supreme Court of California decided that we do not have an
exclusive right to ownership of our cells after they have left our body.

1. Under the 1964 Act, one requirement that qualified a plant for a patent was that it:
A. had been developed as a result of commercial exploitation.
B. had been discovered in the wild fewer than 4 years earlier.
C. exhibited characteristics that distinguished it from other plants.
D. had no prior history of being used in an industrial process.
2. The word horticulturalists refers to those who
A. grow flowers
B. study cultures
C. import seeds
D. grow organic foods
3. Why were Western farmers keen to raise production levels in the 1960s?
A. Their overheads were making them less competitive
B. The market price of their products had been reduced
C. Disease that could destroy their crops was becoming rife
D. Fast-growing weeds were making their harvest less lucrative
4. The writer suggests that advances in biotechnology
A. have allowed scientists to conduct their experiments more precisely
B. are dependent on the financial rewards they can generate
C. will ultimately lead to the introduction of designer babies
D. may be considered unethical if they involve exploitation
5. The phrase gobble up mostly means
A. consuming
B. supplying
C. spreading
D. destroying
6. The shift in position of the US Supreme Court in 1980 meant that
A. any biological organism could be patented
B. knowledge of how DNA functions was patentable
C. patents were no longer restricted to inanimate things
D. tinkering with cells from living creatures was immoral
7. The word demurring mostly means
A. advocating
B. objecting
C. reinforcing
D. investigating
8. The European Patent Office ruling on Oncomouse
A. was never in doubt because Harvard University was involved
B. became open to interpretation by experts in property laws
C. totally disregarded the moral issues related to the case
D. highlighted the emphasis on the greater good in legal decisions
9. Which saying is most appropriate to the verdict handed down in the case involving John
Moore?
A. Property has its duties as well as its rights
B. No person’s property is safe while legislature is in session
C. If something is worth money, it is worth possessing
D. Possession is nine-tenths of the law
10. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A. Patenting Oncomouse met with some disapprovals concerning ethical matters
B. The USA blazed a trail in patenting kinds of plants
C. The doctors removed Moore’s spleen unbeknownst to him
D. Companies’ patenting their seeds provided an incentive for agricultural breakthroughs.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

PART IV:
The Phantom Hand
This illusion is extraordinarily compelling the first time you encounter it.
There is a very striking illusion in which you can feel a rubber hand being touched as if it were
your own. To find out for yourselt, ask a friend to sit across from you at a small table. Set up a
vertical partition on the table, rest your right hand behind it where you cannot see it, and place a
plastic right hand in view.
Ask your assistant to repeatedly tap and stroke your concealed right hand in a random sequence.
Tap, tap, tap, stroke, tap, stroke, stroke. At the same time, while you watch, they must also tap
and stroke the visible plastic dummy at exactly the same time in the same way. If your friend
continues the procedure for about twenty or thirty seconds, something quite strange will happen:
you will have an uncanny feeling that you are actually being stroke on the fake hand. The
sensations you feel will seem to emerge directly form the plastic.
Why does this happen? Matthew Botinick and Jonathan Cohen, at the University of Pittsburgh
and Carnegie Mellion University, who reported the so-called rubber hand illusion in 1998, have
suggested that the similarity in appearance fools the brain into mistaking the false hand for your
real hand. They believe this illusion is strong enough to overcome the discrepancy between the
position of your real hand that you can feel and the site of the plastic hand you can see.
But that is not the whole story. William Hirstein and Kathleen Carrie Armel of the University of
California discovered a further twist: the object your helper touches does not even need to
resemble your hand. The same effect is produced if they tap and stroke the table. Try the same
experiment, but this time gets your acquaintance to rub and tap the surface in tront of you while
making matching movements on your real, concealed hand. You will eventually start feeling
touch sensations emerge from the wood surface.
This illusion is extraordinarily compelling the first time you encounter it. But how can scientists
be certain that the subject really believes that they are feeling sensations through the table?
Kathleen Carrie Armel again and Vilayanur S Ramachandran learned that, once the illusion has
developed, if you "threaten" the table by aiming a blow at it, the person winces and even starts
sweating. This reaction was demonstrated objectively by measuring a sudden decrease in
electrical skin resistance caused by perspiration. It is as if the table becomes incorporated into a
person's own body image so that it is linked to motional centres in the brain; the subject perceives
a threat to the table as a threat to themselves.
This may all sound like a magic trick, but it does have practical applications. In fact, the
experiments were inspired by work with patients who had phantom limbs. After a person loses an
arm from injury, they may continue to sense its presence vividly. Often, the phantom seems to be
frozen in a painfully awkward position. To overcome this, a patient was asked to imagine putting
their phantom arm behind a mirror. By then putting their intact arm on the reflective side, they
created the visual illusion of having restored the missing arm. If the patient now moved the intact
arm, its reflection- and thus the phantom- was seen to move. Remarkably, it was felt to move as
well, sometimes relieving the painful cramp.
Beyond a practical application, these illusions also demonstrate some important principles
underlying perception. Firstly, perception is based largely on marching up sensory inputs. As you
feel your hand being tapped and stroked and see the table or dummy hand being touched in the
same way, your brain asks itself, "What is the likelihood that what I see and what I feel could be
identical simply by chance?
Nil. Therefore, the other person must be touching me." Secondly, this mechanism seems to be
based on automatic processes that our intellect cannot override. The brain makes these judgments
about the senses automatically; they do not involve conscious thought. Even a lifetime of
experience that an inanimate obiect is not part of your body is abandoned in light of the
perception that it is.
All of us go through life making certain assumptions about our existence. "My name has always
been Joe" someone might think. " I was born in San Diego" and so on. All such beliefs can be
called into question at one time or another for various reasons. One premise that seems to be
beyond question is that you are anchored in your body. Yet given a few seconds of the right kind
of stimulation, even this obvious fact is temporarily forsaken, as a table or a plastic hand seem to
become a part of you.

Question 1- 4: The text reports the findings of three teams of researchers. Match statements
1-4 with the correct team A, B or C.
A. Botvinick and Cohen
B. Hirsteiri and Armel C. Armel and Ramachandran
1. The illusion does not depend on the "phantom" looking like a real hand.
2. The brain can disregard spatial information.
3. If the fake hand is threatened, the subject will show signs of fear.
4. A hand-shaped object is required for the illusion.

Questions 5-7: Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D in answer to these questions.

5. How do researchers explain the fact that subjects respond physically when someone threatens
to hit the table in front of them?
A. The table becomes an integral part of the image subjects have of themselves.
B. It is a reflex action triggered by the movement of the other person's hand
C. An electrical connection is established between the subject and the table.
D. Over time, the subject comes to believe that the table is one of these possessions.
6. What does the phantom hand experiment show us about the nature of human perception?
A. It is based on conscious thought processes.
B. It is primarily an unconscious process.
C. It is closely related to intellectual ability.
D. It relies only on sensory information.

7. Which of these statements best summarizes the wider implications of the experiments
described in the text?
A. The experiments are valuable in treating patients who have lost limbs.
B. The experiments cast doubt on a fundamental human assumption.
C. The experiments show humans to be less intelligent than was once thought.
D. Human beings arrive at the truth by analysing the evidence of their senses.

Questions 8-10: Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD FROM THE TEXT
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

It is a recognized phenomenon that patients who have been injured and lost limbs sometimes
continue to have feelings, like pain or cramp , in these parts of their body. In order to assist
patients like this, doctors can use a mirror placed (8) ….. on a flat surface. The patient imagines
that he is putting his phantom arm behind the mirror and his intact arm in front. When the patient
moves the latter, the reflection also moves, giving the patient the illusion that his (9) …. arm is
moving- In some cases, this illusory movement may succeed in relieving the patient’s (10)….

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION D: WRITING
PART I: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that is as similar as
possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it, using the word given (10 points)
1. If her expensive surgery hadn't happened, Historia would still be a rich widow. (FOR)
=> If it ……………………………………….. surgery, Historia would still be a rich widow.

2. If I fail this entrance exam, everyone will forever remind me of it. (LIVE)
=> I’ll …………………………………………… if I fail this entrance exam.

3. The Soap Opera Crew will have to cancel the play if the audience doesn't increase.
(MEAN)
=> A continued low audience for the The Soap Opera Crew’s play
……………………………………………………………………… cancellation.
 4. Clara could not keep up with the rest of the class, resulting in her coming last in the race.
(PACE)
=> Clara’s loss in the race was a result of her inability
………………………………………………the rest of the class.

5. You won't be able to enter this club without a password. (PREVENTED)

=> You ……………………………………… into this club without a password.

PART 2: LETTER WRITING (20 points):

You are a frequent visitor of a nearby diner. However, the last time you ate there, you
thought that the standards had declined slightly. Write a letter explaining why you were
disappointed and suggesting what could be done to improve the situation.

PART 3: Choose one out of the two given topics to write (30 points):
1. STORY WRITING:
Write a story entitled: ‘The Opportunity’.
2. ESSAY WRITING
Some families send their children to foreign countries for educational purposes. What is
your opinion on this trend?