AMBO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MIDWIFERY

MALE INVOLVEMENT IN FAMILY PLANNING AND

ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MARRIED MALES IN AMBO
TOWN, WEST SHEWA ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA, 2021GC.

By: ALEMAYEHU GIRMA

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO AMBO UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF
MIDWIFERY IN PARTIAL FOR THE REQUIREMENT FOR DEGREE
OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MATERNITY AND REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH.

JULY 2021

AMBO, ETHIOPIA
I
MALE INVOLVEMENT IN FAMILY PLANNING AND
ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG MARRIED MALES IN
AMBO TOWN, WEST SHEWA ZONE, CENTRAL ETHIOPIA,
2021GC.

By: ALEMAYEHU GIRMA

ADVISOR: 1. BAYISA ABDISA. (Ass. prof)

2. MULATU AYYANA. (Ass. Prof)

3. TUFA KOLOLA. (Ass. Prof)

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO AMBO UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE, DEPARTMENT OF
MIDWIFERY IN PARTIAL FOR THE REQUIREMENT FOR DEGREE
OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MATERNITY AND REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH.

JULY 2021

II
 AMBO, ETHIOPIA

Proposal Summary
Background: Men´s involvement in contraceptive use improves women’s uptake and
continuity of family planning approaches by increasing spousal coordination and decreasing
opposition. Most family planning policy initiatives in Ethiopia focus only on women. While
Men are primary and dominant, decision-makers in all family planning adoption in Ethiopia.
Involving men in family planning has program implications and deserves attention.

Objectives: To assess male involvement in family planning and associated factors among
married males in Ambo town, west Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia, 2021.

Method and Materials: Community-based cross-sectional study will be conducted from

July 15- to August 15/ 2021G.C in Ambo town. Source population will be all couples living
in Ambo town. The study population is all selected couples who reside in hora Ayetu kebele.
Couples eligible for the study will be those couples widely reproductive age group. Data
collectors are four 4th year midwifery student whose takes two days training. Pre-tested
structured and semi structured questionnaires by Afan Oromo language will be used to
collect information from couples; the informed consent will be taken before starting the
interview.

Budget: A total of 30,962.6 EB will be needed

III
Acknowledgment
My profound gratitude goes to almighty GOD, who sustained me emotionally, physically,
and in all other ramifications. To him alone be ascribed all the glory and honor. I would like
to extend my thanks to Ambo University for giving me this golden chance to take part in
such interesting activity. I also extended my gratitude to my advisor Mr. Bayisa A (Asst.
prof), Mr. Mulatu A (Asst prof), and Mr. Tufa K (Asst prof). For giving constructive
comments and suggestions to my research proposals. At finally yet importantly I would like
to express my thanks to all my heart full friends who devoted their time to give valuable
information.

IV
Table of Contents
Proposal Summary....................................................................................................................III

Acknowledgment......................................................................................................................IV

Acronyms and list of abbreviation............................................................................................IX

1. Introduction............................................................................................................................1

1.1. Background.....................................................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of the problems................................................................................................3

1.3 Significance of the study..................................................................................................5

2. Literature review....................................................................................................................6

2.1 Conceptual framework...................................................................................................10

3. Objectives............................................................................................................................11

3.1 General Objectives.........................................................................................................11

3.2 Specific Objectives.........................................................................................................11

4. Methods and Materials........................................................................................................12

4.1 . Study Area and period.............................................................................................12

4.2 . Study Design..........................................................................................................12

4.3 . Population..............................................................................................................12

4.3.1 Source Population..............................................................................................12

4.3.2 Study Population................................................................................................12

V
 4.3.3 Study Unit...........................................................................................................12

4.3.4 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria.......................................................................13

4.4 Sample size determination and sampling technique.................................................13

4.4.1 Sample size determination......................................................................................13

4.4.2 Sampling technique.................................................................................................14

4.5 Variables.......................................................................................................................14

4.5.1 Dependent Variables.................................................................................................14

4.5.2. Independent Variables...........................................................................................14

4.6 Operational Definition...................................................................................................15

4.7 Data Collection tool and technique................................................................................15

4.8 Data Quality Control and management..........................................................................15

4.9 Data analysis..................................................................................................................16

4.10 Ethical and legal Consideration...................................................................................16

4.11 Dissemination plan.......................................................................................................16

5. Work Plan............................................................................................................................17

6.Budget...................................................................................................................................18

7. References............................................................................................................................19

Annex 1: Questionnaire...........................................................................................................23

Annex 1.1. Questionnaire by English language version......................................................24

Annex 1.2. Questionnaire by Afan Oromo version..............................................................27

VI
List of table

TABLE 1.GIANT CHART FOR A SUMMARY OF TASKS TO PRESENT FOR THE RESPONSIBLE BODY

AND THE TIME WHEN PERFORMED, AMBO, ETHIOPIA, 2021 G.C.......................................17

table 2. budget breakdown for stationary materials and personal costs, ambo, ethiopia, 2021
gc......................................................................................................................................18

VII
List of figure

figure 1.conceptual model of male involvement in family planning and associated factors
among married male........................................................................................................10

VIII
Acronyms and list of abbreviation
EDHS - Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

FP- Family Planning

IUCD - intrauterine Contraceptive Devices

SDG- sustainable development goal.

WHO - World Health Organization

IX
X
1. Introduction

1.1. Background
Men´s involvement in reproductive health has two major sides, as men give sufficient
support in needs, choices, and rights to their partners in reproductive health and fertility
control, on the other hand, men´s owns reproductive health issues related to knowledge,
contraceptive use, and safe sexual behavior (1).
Family planning has acknowledged in the 1990s by many women´s health programs and
must be included in the broader context of reproductive health. The International Conference
on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo 1994 noted that special efforts ought to
be made to emphasize men´s shared responsibility and promote their active involvement in
responsible parenthood, sexual and reproductive behavior, including family planning (2).

Nearly two hundred ninety-five thousand (295,000) women die annually due to preventable
pregnancy-related causes, 94% of which are in the developing world. One of the several
approaches to prevent the influx of these problems is through voluntary family planning.
Studies show that one in four maternal deaths prevented through family planning (3).

Worldwide contraceptive prevalence in 2019, 49% an increase from 42% 1990 of all women
in the reproductive age. Contraception prevalence among women of reproductive age in sub-
Saharan Africa increased from 13 percent in 1990 to 29 percent in 2019. In the developing
world 214 million women of reproductive age 'unmet need' for modern contraception, with
59 million relying on traditional methods such as abstinence and withdrawal and 155 million
simply using no contraception at all. Although their numbers have decreased from 255
million in 2014. They currently account for 84 percent of all unintended pregnancies in
developing regions. Unmet needs were found to be highest in Sub-Saharan Africa and
Southern Asia, with the two areas accounting for 57 percent of unmet needs (4).

Sub-Saharan Africa still faces the highest fertility and population growth rate in the world. In
these settings Ancestral customs, give men right over women's procreative power. In such
situations, we would expect that the husband's approval might often be a precondition for
1
women to use family planning methods. Studies in different regions have shown that one-
reason women give for non-use is the husband's disapproval. Even in developed societies,
studies have shown important effects of the husband's desires on a couple's fertility (5).

Ethiopia is a country with a large and rapidly growing population ranking the second most
populous country in sub-Saharan Africa with a 4.6 total fertility rate. Family planning
associations of Ethiopia initiated family planning in 1966. The demand for contraception
reaches 58% of those 36% meet and 22% unmet need for family planning is by 2016 (6).

Population growth in Ethiopia is not in parallel with the development of health services and
other basic infrastructures. To cope with this alarming population growth and to improve
maternal and infant survival there need to be a comparable increment in health care coverage
and other infrastructures. Considering the low socio-economic status of the country,
resources are insufficient to expand the infrastructures needed for the growing population.
Hence, an alternative is the regulation of fertility to the extent that the family, community,
and country can afford it. Family planning service technology has the potential to benefit
people at a lower cost than any other technology now available for development (7).

More than half of men, in Ethiopia, reported no discussion with their wives on related issues
of family planning use, believed that it is a natural process, and need not discussed. However,
44 % believed that discussion on these issues should always initiated in the family. Similarly,
78 % of them reported that decisions generally taken jointly with their wife, while 21% felt
that wives alone should take all decisions related to family planning. Another 12 % felt that
elder family members and relatives, external power should decide (8).

As mentioned in the SDGs, fostering a rapid reduction in fertility to or below the level of
substitution is necessary to foster economic development. In reaction to these global goals,
the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) set a target for a contraception prevalence
rate of 55% by 2020 (9).

2
1.2 Statement of the problems
Male participation in contraceptive use improves women’s uptake and continuity of family
planning approaches by increasing spousal coordination and decreasing opposition. Past
research has also demonstrated that male non-involvement in family planning leads to a high
incidence of contraceptive discontinuation among women. Especially in SSA, like Ethiopia,
men are key decision-makers in family planning (10,11).

Most family planning policy initiatives in Ethiopia focus only on women. Moreover, the
majority of rural women in the country have little control over their lives and are entirely
dependent on their husbands. Improving male interest in family planning is also a crucial
public policy intervention to achieve national and SDGs. Failure to include men in family
planning services in a patriarchal community such as Ethiopia has significant repercussions.
Even though women are encouraged to use contraception strategies because of resistance
from the spouse. This can also lead to a high incidence of contraceptive discontinuation
(12,13).
Family planning services rendered are primarily restricted to maternal and child health
centers. Where only women are invited for the services. In addition, most research on fertility
and family planning issues in developing countries involved only women. The roles of males
in making family planning decisions including the reproductive health life of their wife are
not given emphasis (14).

Some of the reasons for the new interest in male involvement in family planning services are;
the male is more favorable to the general principle of family planning than had been
assumed, male supports both adoption and the correct use of female Contraception. The body
of knowledge regarding male involvement programs is growing and improving and family
planning agencies are finding that male involvement programs can be cost-effective if they
are highly focused and offer male contraceptives methods directly (15).

A study done in Arbaminch identified the influence of culture and religion, perception
towards family planning as a women's issue, sex preference for inheritance and considering
children as a measure of the blessing of God, and fear of partner sexual promiscuity as major
barriers to male involvement in family planning services utilization (16).
3
The government of Ethiopia is trying to solve the increment of fertility among reproductive
age groups by looking at the side of family planning services involving males at the health
care services are accessible. Usually, when family planning programs thought of men's
involvement in family planning. They thought almost exclusively of increasing the role of
men using condoms and having vasectomies: men involvement is more than making men in
family planning clients for male method (17).

Men's involvement also includes increasing men who encourage and support their partner
and their peers to use family planning and influence the policy environment to be more
conducive to developing male-related programs (18).

4
1.3 Significance of the study
Enhance the involvement of men in the FP service at any level is very important since FP and
reproductive health have traditionally targeted women, the result of these study:

- Will help to build better communication between the client and health service provider
to bring a male to the service center.

- Endeavour to identify barriers to male involvement and directly indicate ways to solve
them.

- Increase men's knowledge, change commonly held beliefs and attitudes on

contraception as a women's business.

- Health workers and program planners will utilize the finding to plan strategies, to offer
quality information, education, and counseling service to men to address their
reproductive health needs.

- Other research will use the finding as a baseline of information in their research
projects.

5
2. Literature review
Globally, the involvement of men in maternal health programs has been associated with
positive reproductive health outcomes, such as an increase in the use of contraceptives,
improved maternal health outcomes, and increased uptake of interventions to prevent HIV
transmission. Despite these benefits, few men participate in maternal health services (19,20).

In Sub-Saharans Africa Interest in men's involvement in reproductive health decision-making

has been growing during the 1990. The 1994 international conference on population and
development and 1995 fourth world conferences on women acknowledged the role of men in
improving reproductive health. Consensus statements from both conferences call for better
ways to reach men and involving men in every family planning and reproductive health
initiative (17,18).
Marriages in Africa are characterized by males' determining family size and contraception
without respect for the woman's opinion. Involving men in family planning should not be
limited to increased use of male methods but increased support, approval, and greater
community influence in male-centered policy and programs on contraception. In patriarchal
communities such as those in most African settings, the influence of men is even more
profound. Men in these settings control household resources and often make critical
decisions that affect maternal health including the choice of health services (21,22).
The recognition of the possible determinants and barriers including identification of men's
negative health beliefs regarding contraceptive services can be used to develop effective male
involvement in family planning. More attention needed at the community and governmental
level to identify strategies to promote gender equity and shared decision-making, shared
responsibility and positive participation of men, empowering women, and increasing the
effectiveness of male participation. Male-focused interventions should be encouraged instead
of women-focused programs, as family planning should considered shared responsibility
(23).

A review of programming for men as family planning users shows that currently, programs
do not serve men and boys. Most programs operate from the perspective that women are
contraceptive users and that men should support their partners, with insufficient attention to

6
reaching men as family planning users in their own right. At the same time, the review
highlighted that there is sufficient evidence demonstrating men’s desire for information and
services, as well as men’s positive response to existing programming to warrant further
programming for men and boys in family planning and contraceptive services (24).

Contraception use influenced by couples' dynamics in Lao PDR. Male-based contraceptives

are hardly used, women are making plans for contraceptives, yet males are quite dominant in
deciding on the use of contraceptives. In addition, spousal communication on birth control
and women's financial autonomy is associated with contraception use (25).

Male partner support is central to compliance for women on modern contraceptives; adequate
attention must give to other factors like costs of contraception and transportation to the clinic.
Therefore, subsidized/free contraceptives should be a priority in low-resource settings while
mobile/community contraceptive services will be of great assistance. Furthermore,
community sensitization and education will encourage positive peer influence making
relatives and friends offer support to women on contraceptives (26).
The strong association that discussion with a health worker has on the likelihood of men's use
of modern contraception and they are of partners' use of contraception. Fertility preference,
number of surviving children, wealth index, level of education, and religion were also among
the sociodemographic predictors of modern contraceptive users (27).
Men who were aware of female contraception were significantly more likely to have spouses
who expressed a desire to use contraception. Similarly, men who showed support for their
spouses’ use of contraception were significantly more likely to have spouses who expressed a
desire to use contraception. Focusing on men's attitudes could potentially increase the
opportunity to, explore ways to increase uptake and continuation of family planning
methods; increase the proportion of pregnancies that are intended; reduce maternal and infant
morbidity and mortality associated with unintended pregnancy, and prevent maternal-to-child
transmission of HIV while also improving health outcomes of women of reproductive age
(28).

7
At Edega-Hamuse Town, Tigray, More than 99% of the subjects have heard about modern
family planning methods/current contraceptive use. Both information on FP and their
partner's information on FP are a significant relationship with the current contraceptive user.
The majority of the respondents had never been involved themselves in FP with their wife
and this may be attributed to negative perceptions recorded among them. The cultural barrier
in itself without any other external influence will demotivate men from getting involved in
the FP program. The study may warn that if the existing scenario of family planning services
changed from targeting only women to targeting couples, the family planning methods
utilization rate may increase (10).

In resource-limited settings of Northwest Ethiopia, All of the participants ever heard about
family planning methods. 42.3% of respondents had good knowledge of family planning and
the rest 57.7% had poor knowledge. The majority 88.5% discuss family planning issues with
their partners and want to use it in the future. Regarding the overall attitude, 58.8% of the
participants had a favorable attitude and 41.2% had an unfavorable attitude towards family
planning. Three fourth (75.3%) of study participants ever used contraceptive methods (29).
Among married men in the Womberma district of Gondar, only 12.5% used male FP
methods. Almost all use condoms. nearly two-thirds (64.7%) of men supported the use of FP
methods of their partners/wives through spousal communication and approval, more than half
of the men were involved in family planning (30).

In Debremarikos, most of the study respondents (99.2%) reported that they had ever heard
about FP methods. More than half (54%) of married men discussed FP. The 38% did not
approve of the use of contraceptive reasons mentioned for the disapproval was the desire to
have more children, wife or partner refusal, fear of side effects, religious prohibition, lack of
awareness about contraceptives, and the thinking that it is only the issue of women. Men who
approved FP services utilization were four times more likely involved in FP services
utilization than men who did not approve (12).
In the pastoralist community of Afar, the proportion of women who reported that their
husband involves in advice, suggesting them, or accompanying them for family planning was
42.2%. It shows that there is a low level of husband involved in family planning use. Family
8
planning ever user women have been seven times higher likelihood to report their husband's
involvement to compare to non-users. On the other hand, women who knew where family
planning is found in health centers reported that their husbands were five times more likely
involved in family planning utilization than their counterparts (31).

In Gedo town, 36% of a married male was involved in family planning by using or by
encouraging their wives. The majority of males have good knowledge about condoms and
spermicidal. From them 18.9% were current users of contraceptive methods. of which 92%
were using condoms followed by abstinence 5.8%. The major reasons reported for
discontinuation of contraceptive use was fear of side effect, partner refusal and desire to have
more children. The main reason for not involving in family planning was community
pressure, lack of awareness and opposed from their friends (13).

9
2.1 Conceptual framework
This conceptual framework shows a clear conceptual understanding of some factors that
hinder male access and utilization of family planning services. This framework-based
knowledge specific to this topic in different kinds of literature.

10
Figure 1.Conceptual
model of Male involvement in family planning and associated factors
among married male.

3. Objectives

3.1 General Objectives

To assess male involvement in family planning and associated factors among married
males in Ambo town, 2021GC.

3.2 Specific Objectives

To determine the level of male involvement in family planning among married males
in Ambo town, 2021 GC.

4.3.1 To identify factors associated with male involvement in family planning in

Ambo town, 2021 GC.

11
4. Methods and Materials

4.1. Study Area and period

The study will be conducted in Ambo town, West Shewa zone which is located 114km to the
west of Addis Ababa. the town has an estimated total population of 94,342 that live in 6
kebele. The proportion of female accounts 50.03% (47199), while male accounts for 49.97 %
( 47143). This town has four government health facilities ( one referral hospital, one general
hospital, two health centers) and three health post and twenty-nine private clinics (nineteen
medium and ten primary clinics), four private pharmacies, and twenty-one drug stores. Hora
Ayetu kebele formerly known as 01 kebele, is one of the 6 kebeles in the town which is
found in the western part of the town and administratively subdivided into 9 zones (zone
refers to administrative subdivision next to kebele) which has a total of 3623 households in
the 9 zones. The study will be conducted from July 12-Agust 12, 2021 G.C.

4.2 . Study Design

A community-based cross-sectional study will be conducted in Hora Ayetu kebele, Ambo To
wn

4.3 . Population

4.3.1 Source Population

Couples in the reproductive age group living together in Ambo town

4.3.2 Study Population

Couples in the reproductive age group living together in Hora Ayetu kebele, Ambo tow
n.

4.3.3 Study Unit

Representative of each household during data collection

12
 4.3.4 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria
1. Men with wives in reproductive age group (15-49).

Exclusion criteria
1. Men who are critically or mentally ill and unable to hear will be excluded.

4.4 Sample size determination and sampling technique

4.4.1 Sample size determination

Sample will be calculated for each specific objectives, for first objectives, Sample size will
be determined by using single population proportion formula. By using the proportion of
36% of married males, which involved in family planning by using or by encouraging their
wives in Gedo town (13). At 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error will be
assumed. The sample size will be determined using the following formula:
n = [Zα/2)] 2 ×P (1-p)/d2

Where:

n - Sample size

Z - The standard normal variance at 95% CI (1.96)

P – Proportion of male involved in FP 36%.

p=0.36, q= (1-p) = (1-0.36) = 0.64.

d - Marginal errors 5% =0.05

n = (1.96)² (0.36) (0.64)/ (0.05)²

n = 354

By using a 10% non-response rate, the total sample size is 389.4 ̴ 390

13
For second specific objective, double population proportion formula will be used. By using
risk among unexposed 24%, OR is 2.57, power 80%, with1:1 ratio, 95%CI (13). by using Epi
info Stat Calc sample size will be 180. By adding 10 % non-response rate, final sample size
is 198. While the sample size of first objectives is large, it will be taken as final sample size.

4.4.2 Sampling technique

The kebele will select by simple random sampling “lottery method’’ from six kebeles of
Ambo Town. Systemic random sampling techniques will be used to select
households/couples in hora Ayetu town. The first couple in the household will be selected
using the lottery method from the first up to k th then data Collected by kth interval until the
last household.

4.5 Variables

4.5.1 Dependent Variables

Male involvement in family planning

4.5.2. Independent Variables

Socio-demographic characteristics

- Age, Religion .

- Educational status, income level

- Occupational status

- Marital status

Husbands desired level of fertility

Knowledge and attitude

14
4.6 Operational Definition
Male involvement: - According to this study, male involvement in family planning means
that those participated by using family methods by themselves or encouraging their partners
to use family planning.

The couple:-male and female in marital union.

Husband desired level of fertility: - the number of child’s and wives husbands want to have
in his life.

Knowledge:- According to this study, study participants had good Knowledge: means that
from knowledge assessing questions on family planning methods who respond correctly
above the mean value were knowledgeable or had good knowledge, While Poor knowledge:
means that those who were score less than the mean value.
Attitude:- According to this study, study participants had the positive attitude: means that
from attitude assessing questions on family planning methods who respond correctly above
the mean value were, negative attitude: means that those who were score less than the mean
value.

4.7 Data Collection tool and technique

A structured and semi-structured questionnaire adapted from DHS(32,33) will first be
prepared in the English language and later will have translated to Afan Oromo will be used to
collect data. Four BSc 4th year midwife student will collect the data. Data collected through
by face-to-face interview method.

4.8 Data Quality Control and management

Before the actual data collection, questionnaires will be pre-tested two days before data
collection in Ginchi town to identify any ambiguity, consistency and acceptability of
questionnaire and then necessary corrections will be made. During actual data collection day,
Supervisor will crosscheck the data on randomly selected households for consistency and
completeness every day. Data coded and entered into computer SPSS to check for reliability,
completeness and missing values.

15
4.9 Data analysis
Data will be entered into Epi info version 7, and then exported to SPSS version 26 for
analysis. Frequency and proportions will be calculated for categorical variables. Means and
standard deviations for numerical variables. To check which variables individually has an
association with the dependent variable bivariate analyses will be done. Variables associated
with the dependent variables at p-value < 0.05 will entered into multivariate analyses to
control possible effect of cofounder and variable which has significant association at p- value
< 0.05 will be expressed by AOR. Then the result will be presented by table, figures and
narratives.

4.10 Ethical and legal Consideration

The proposal of the study will first submitted to Ambo University College of medicine and
health science, Department of Midwifery, and the research committee for ethical approval.
Then official letter will obtained from the institutional review board of CMHS to Hora Ayetu
kebele administration to get permission and cooperation. The respondents will informed
about the objectives and purpose of the study and verbal consent will be taken from each
respondent. In addition, they will informed about their right to not participating in the study
or withdrawing at any time. Confidentiality of the information will kept and collected
anonymously.

4.11 Dissemination plan

The result of the study will be presented to Ambo University College of medicine and health
science department of Midwifery, and those who require results. Such as Oromia Regional
Health Bureau, Ambo health office and Administrative bureau, healthy policymakers, and
Other concerned bodies in planning interventions and effective strategies on the provision of
family planning and Counseling to maximize male involvement, and consumption of
contraception in beside of their wife.

16
5. Work Plan
Table 1.GIANT Chart for a summary of tasks to present for the responsible body and the
time when performed, Ambo, Ethiopia, 2021 G.C.

S.no The task to be Resp Months

performed body
Feb March April May June July Agust Septm

1. Topic selection

2. Introduction

3. Literature Review

4. Formulation of
Objectives

5. Submission of a final
proposal

6. Data collection

7. Data analysis and

interpretation

8. Submission of the
first draft

9. Submission of final
report

10. Defense

17
6.Budget
Table 2. Budget breakdown for stationary materials and personal costs, Ambo, Ethiopia,
2021 GC.

S.No Budget item Unit of mea Quantity Unit of Multiplying Total(EB)

price(EB) factor

1. Stationery item Piece/item

1.1 Pen Piece 10 10 .00 10×10.00 100.00

1.2 Rubber and pencil Piece 10 10.00 10*10.00 100..00

1.3 Duplicating paper Piece 327 8.00 356*8.00 2616.00

1.4 Laminating Piece 3 20 3x20 60

1.5 Binder Piece 1 40 1x40 40

1.6 Printing paper (pack) Pack 4 250 4×160 640

2. Personal cost daily wage

2.1 Supervisor 1 200 200×30 days 6000

2.2 Data collector 4 100 400×30days 12000

2.3 Principal investigator 1 200 200x30 days 6000

3 Subtotal 28,148

4 10% of contingency 10% x 2814.8 28148.6

5 Total 30,962.6

18
7. References
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IN RURAL BANGLADESH. J.biosocSci. 40(6):815–40.

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West Pokot Factors Associated with Male Involvement in Family Planning in West
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3. World health statistics 2019: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development
goals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Vol. 1. 2019. 41–57 p.

4. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division

(2020). World Fertility and Family Planning 2020: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/440).

5. Lasee A, Becker S, International S, Planning F, Mar N. Husband-Wife

Communication About Family Planning and Contraceptive Use in Kenya Husband-
Wife Communication About Family Planning and Contraceptive Use in Kenya.
JSTOR. 1997;23(1):15–20.

6. Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia] and ICF. 2016. Ethiopia Demographic
and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: CSA
and ICF.

7. Republic FD. NATIONAL GUIDELINE FOR FAMILY PLANNING Federal

Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. 2011;1–69.

8. Bayray A. ASSESSMENT OF MALE INVOLVEMENT IN FAMILY PLANNING

USE AMONG MEN IN SOUTH EASTERN ZONE OF TIGRAY , ETHIOPIA. Sch J
Med. 2(2):1–10.

9. Development S, Network S. Indicators and a Monitoring Framework Sustainable

Development Goals, Launching a data revolution for the SDGs.

10. Adera A, Belete T, Gebru A, Hagos A, Gebregziabher W. Assessment of the Role of

19
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Involvement in Family Planning and Associated Factors among Marriedin Malegedo
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Developing Countries : Hearing the Man ’ s Voice. Int Fam Plan Perspect.
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15. UNPF. The Reproductive Rights and Sexual and Reproductive Health Framework.

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Family Planning Services in Arba Minch Town , Southern Ethiopia : Qualitative Case
Study. IJPHS. 5(1):46–50.

17. Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia] and ICF International. 2012. Ethiopia
Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton,
Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International.

18. Reaching men Worldwide: lessons learned from family planning and communication
projects. The John Hopkins University, school of public health center for
communication. Working paper No.3, Jan 1999.

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19. Yargawa J, Leonardi-bee J. Male involvement and maternal health outcomes :
systematic review and meta-analysis. 2015;604–12.

20. Farquhar C, Kiarie JN, Richardson BA, Kabura MN, John FN, Nduati RW, et al.
Antenatal Couple Counseling Increases Uptake of Interventions to Prevent HIV-1
Transmission. 2004;37(5):1620–6.

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(PN-ABZ-22.

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Perspectives of men on antenatal and delivery care service utilisation in rural western
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24. Hardee K, Croce-galis M, Gay J. Are men well served by family planning programs ?
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28. Echezona E, Michael C, Chinenye O, Amaka G, Aaron T, John E, et al. Impact of
male partner ’ s awareness and support for contraceptives on female intent to use
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for contraceptives on female intent to use contraceptives in southeast Nigeria. BMC
Public Health. 2015;14(879):879.

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Utilization and Associated Factors in Womberma District , Northern Ethiopia :
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communities of Afar, Ethiopia. Reprod Health. 2019;16(1):1–7.

32. DHS. demographic and health surveys model man’s questionnaire.

33. DHS. demographic and health surveys model woman’s questionnaire.

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Annex 1: Questionnaire
AMBO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MIDWIFERY

THE QUESTIONNAIRE TO ASSESS MEN 'S INVOLVEMENT IN FAMILY PLANNING AND

ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN AMBO TOWN , 2021 GC

Written Informed Consent for each study unit/ household

Introduction
DEAR SIR /MADAM.

How are you? My name is…………………. I come from Ambo University to gather
information about the male involvement in family planning and associated factor among
married males. As part, our academic partial fulfillment we have undergone a research
project on one health problem or community need. The purpose of this study to determine the
level of male involvement in family planning and associated factors that hinder males from
family planning among married males. This important for attracting concerned bodies to
focus on males and tackle those factors for better utilization of family planning. The
information that will obtained from you is very useful for the surrounding community
including you. I assure you that the information will kept confidential. If you do not want to
answer all of or some questions, you have the right to do so. However, your willingness to
answer all of the questions would appreciated.

Are you willing to continue with the interview? Yes_____ No______, if yes, continue
Interviewer name______________________ Sign._____________
Thank you for your cooperation!!!

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Annex 1.1. Questionnaire by English language version
Part 1: Husband's socio-demographic characteristics.

101. How old are you? Age (years). A. 15-30 B. 31-50 C. 51-70 D. >71

102. What is your Religion? A. Protestant B. Orthodox C. Muslim D.Wakefata E. Others

(specify).

103. What is your Ethnicity? A. Oromo B. Amhara C. Tiger D. SNNP E. Others

(specify).

104. Your Educational status? A. Unable to read and write B. Able to read and write, but
not formal education C. Literate/learn the highest educational level.

105. What is your Occupation? A.Farmer B. Merchant C. Governmental employee D.

Daily laborer E.. Others (specify).

106. Your Annual income cash (in birr).

107. How many people live in your house?

Part 2|. Husbands desired level of fertility

201. How many children ever born to you?

202. How many of them are alive?

203. Do you want to have additional children? A. Yes B. No

204. .If "Yes" Question number 203. How many additional children do you want to have?

205. Which sex of children do you think is good to have? A. Both sex B. Male C.
Female

206. Do you have another wife? A. Yes B. No C. Unwilling to respond

207. Do you have children from another wife? A. Yes B. No C. Unwilling to respond
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208. If "Yes" to question number 207. How many children do you have from your other
wife?

A.1-2 B. 3-4 C. 5-6 D. >7

Part 3. Husband's knowledge towards family planning choose the following types of
contraventions for questions number two, and four from parts three (3) and four (4).

1. Pills 2. Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). 3. Injectable (Depo-Provera)

4. Implant (buried under the skin) 5. Condom 6. Spermicidal 7. Tubal ligation 8.
Vasectomy /male sterilization 9. Periodic abstinence 10. Prolonged Breast-feeding

301. Have you ever heard of methods used to delay or avoid pregnancy? A. Yes B. No

302. If your response to question number 301 is "Yes". Which type of method do you
know (see code above and write all the responses)…………………

303. Do you know that there is a contraceptive method for males? A. Yes B. No

304. If your response to question number 303 is “Yes". What is the type of contraceptive
methods for men you know? (See above and list all the responses given)

305. Do you know where to get contraceptive methods? A. Yes B. No .C. Unsure

306. If your response is “Yes" to the question number305. From where do you think you
may get contraceptives? A. Health institutions B. Shop C. Drug vendor/pharmacy D.
Others (Specify)

307. If your response to question number 301 is "Yes". What does it mean?

A. Limiting family size B. To avoid unwanted pregnancy C. Spacing childbirth D.

Others (specify).

308. If your response to question number 301 is"Yes". For what purpose do you think that
child spacing or having fewer children is important? A. For mother's health B. Lack
of money may not allow rearing many children C. For the health of child D. I don't
know E. Others (specify)
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309. Between two consecutive children, how many years of intervals do you think is
good? (How many they should be spaced) (Years)

Part 4: Husband's attitude and practice of family planning.

401. Do you think that family planning is important? A. Yes B. No C. Others (specify)

402. Do you approve of family planning use for your wife? A. Yes B. No C. Others
(specify)

403. Have you ever informed your partner to use contraceptive methods? A. Yes B. No

404. Have you discussed family planning with your partner? (Have you ever discussed the
number of children you want to have?) A. Yes B. No C. Don't remember

405. If your response to question 404 is "Yes", how is frequent in the last six (6) months?

A. None B. One C. Two D. Three E. More than three times

406. Have you ever opposed your partner using the contraceptive method? A. Yes B.
NO

407. Have you ever used contraceptive methods? A. Yes B. No

408. If your response to question number 407 is "Yes" which type of contraceptive
methods you ever use?

409. Are you using family planning methods currently? A. Yes B. No

410. If your response to question number 409 is "Yes", which type of contraceptive
methods are you using? (See code on page above and list all the responses given)
………………………………..

411. Do you want to use contraceptive methods currently? A. Yes B. No C. Unsure D.

Others (specify)

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 412. Does your partner use contraceptive methods currently?

A. Yes B. No C. I don't know D. Not sure E. Unwilling to tell

Annex 1.2. Questionnaire by Afan Oromo version.

YUNIVARSIITII AMBO, KOLLEJII MEDIKAALA FI SAYIINSI FAYYAA.

MUUMMEE MIIDWAYIFEERII

Gaafilee wa'ee hirmaanna Abban warraa karoora matii fi Hal-dureewwan saniin hidhata
qaban baruuf kan qopha’eedha.

Heeyyama namootaa dhunfaa tokkoo tokkoon barreefamaan hirmaanna feedhi irrattii

hunda’ee gaafachuuf qopha’ee.

SEENSA

Kabajamoo hiirmatoota.

Akkam jirtu ? Maqaan Koo Ani kanan dhufe Yuunivarsiitii

Ambo irraa yoo ta'uu innis odeefannoo hirmaanna Abban warraa karoora maatii fi Hal-
dureewwan saniin hidhata qaban baruuf. Akka barnoota keenyatti xumura barnoota
irraatti, waraqaa qorannoo feedhii hawaasaa fi rakkoolee fayyaa giddu galeessa godhaate
ni gaggefama, nuunis akka galtee tokkotti eebbaf nu fayyada. Yaa ta’uu malee
odeefannon isiin nuuf kenitaan hawaasaa naannoo kanaa rakkoolee mataa duree armaan
oliin wal qabatan furuuf ni fayyada. Odeefannon isiin nuuf keenitan eenyuma keessan
osoo hin saaxiliin iccitin kan qabamuudha. yeeroo feetan ittis gafichaa hin debisu jechuu
mirga qabdu, garuu gaafii keenya yoo nu deebiftan feedhiin keessan kan dinqisifatamuu
fi galateefamuudha.

Af-gaafii kanaaf heeyyamamoodha? Eeyyee_____ lakkii______, Eeyyee yoo jedhee, eegalaa

Maqaa gaafataa______________________ Mallattoo._____________
Tumsa keessaniif galatoomaa!!!.
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kutaa 1. Gaafilee wa'ee Eenyummaa fi hawwaasummattii xiyyeefatan.

101. Umrii keessan meeqa? A.15-30. B. 31-50 C. 51-70 D. >70

102. Amaantiin keesan maali?. A. Ortoodoksii B. Islaama C. Proteestantii D.kan biraa

(ibsi).

103. Sabanii keessan kaami? A.Oromoo B.Amaraa C.Tigree.D.kan biraa(ibsii)

104. Haala barnoota keessani? A. dubbisuu fi katabuu hin danda'u B. dubbisuu fi katabuu
nan danda'a(garuu mana barumsaa hin galee) C.baradheera(kutaa isa dhumaa geesse
barressi)

105. Hojii keessan maali? A.Qotee bulaa B. daldaala C. hojjeetaa mottumma D. humnaan
bulaa E .kan biraa(ibsii)

106. Waggaatti qabeenya hammamii galfata?(qarshiidhaan).

107. Nama meeqatu mana keessan keessa jiraata?________

kutaa 2. Seenaa Hawwii Hormaata Abaa warraa

201. Ijoollee meeqa hanga hardhaatti godhatte (kan du'es ni dabalata)? ______

202. Ijoollee meeqatu lubbun jira? _____

203. Ijjoollee biraa dabalachuu feetaa? A.Eeyyee B.lakkii

204. yoo deebii gaafii"203" Eeyyee" jette, ijoollee meeqa dabalaachu feeta?

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205. Ijjoollee saala kam qabaachuu feeta? A,saala lachuu B,dhiira C,durba

206. haadha warraa biraa qabdaa? A. Eeyyee B,lakki C,deebisuu hin feedhuu

207. Haadha warraa biraa irraa ijoollee qabdaa? A. Eeyyee B. lakki C. deebisuu hin
feedhuu

208. Yoo deebii gafii"207" Eeyyee, jette,ijoollee meeqa irraa qabda? A.1-2 B. 3-4 C.5-6
D.>7.

kutaa 3. Beekkumsa Abban warraa waa'ee karoora maatii irrattii qabu.

Maloota ittisa ulfaa armaan gadii gaaffii 2 fi kutaa 3ffaa fi 4ffaa jala jiraniif filadhu.

1. kiniina liqimsamuu (pills) 2. luuppii gadameessa keessa ka'amuu(IUCD) 3. lilmoon kan

keennamu(depoprovera) 4. irree"gogaa" harkaa dubartii jala kan awwalamu(implants) 5.
Koondoomii(Condoms) 6. Keemikaala sanyii dhiiraa ajjeesu(spermicidal) 7. Ujjumoo
gadaamessaa gudunfuu(Tubal ligation) 8. Ujjumoo sanyii dhiraa dabarsuu gudunfuu
(vasectomy) 9. marsaa laguutti fayadamuu wal-qunnamtii saala irra fagaachu (periodic
abstenance) 10. yeroo dheeraaf harma hoosisu .

301. Waan akka hin ulfoofne/Ulfesine godhu dhagesee bekta? A,Eeyyee B.lakkii

302. Yoo deebii gaafii 301" Eeyyee" jette ,isa kamiin beekta ,deebii koodii arman olitiin
debisii?_______

303. Qusannaan maatii dhiiraf jirachuu isaa beektaa? A.eyyee B.lakkii

304. Yoo deebii gaafii 303 "Eeyyee" Jettee, gosa qusannaa dhiirootaa kam beekta? Kodii
armaan ooliin tarresii?.

305. Iddoo mallii qusannaa maatii itti argammu ykn kennamu bekta? A.Eeyyee B.lakii
C.adda hin baafanne.

29
306. Yoo deebiin gaffii 305" Eeyyee" jette Eessaan argadha jette yaadda? A. Buufata
tajaajilaa fayyaa B. Mana qoricha C.Suuqii D.kan biraa(ibsii).

307. Yoo deebiin gaafii 301" Eeyyee" ta'ee,Qusannaa maatii jechuun mal jechuudha. A.
lakkofsa maatii xiqqeessu B. ulfa hin barbachifnee hambisuuf. C.ijjoolee gargar
fageessanii godhachuu D.kan biraa(ibsii)

308. Yoo deebii gaaffii 301" Eeyyee jette, ijoollee gargar fageessanii godhachuun maalif
gaaridha jettee yaadda? A.fayyaa haadhatiif B. hooriin(qabenyii) ittin guddisan waan hin
jirreefii C.fayyaa ijoolleetiif D.hin bekuu E,kan bira( ibsii).

309. ijoollee walittii anaan jiduutti garaagarumma waggaa meeqatu gaariidha jettanii
yaaddu.?________

kutaa 4. ilaalcha abbaa warraa fi fayyadamiinsa qusannaa maatii.

401. Qusannaan maatii barbachisaadha jettanii yaadduu? A.eyyee B.lakki C.kan biraa(ibsi)

402. fayyadamiinsa qusannaa maatii fooyyesitee jirtaa? A. Eeyyee B.lakki C.kan

biraa(ibsii).

403. Haati manaa tee akka isa ulfa tursiisu/akka hin ulfoofne kan godhu akka
fayyadamtuuf goorsitee ni beektaa? A. Eeyyee B. lakkii.

404. Haadha mana kee wajjiin wa'ee qusannaa maatii marri'attee nii bekta (ijoolle meeqa
aka qabachuu feetan marii'atanii bektuu?) A. Eeyyee B. lakki C. hin yaadadhu.

405. Yoo deebiin gaafii '404' Eeyyee jettee ,ji'a jahaa assitti yeeroo meeqa mariáttan
A.homaa hin mari’anne B. yeeroo tokko C. yeeroo lama D. yeeroo sadii E. yehieroo
bayyee

406. Haadha manaa kee qusannaa maatii akka hin fayyadamne dhoorkitee(faallessitee)
beektaa? A. Eeyyee B. lakki

407. Ulfa kan tursiisu yookaas kan akka hin ulfoofne godhu fayyadamtee bektaa? A.
Eeyyee. B. lakki

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408. Yoo deebii gaafii 407 "Eeyyee" jette,isa kam fayyadamtee beekta?(koodii armaan
olliin debisii).....

409. Yeeroo ammaa ulfa kan tursisuu fayyadamaa jirtaa? A.Eeyyee B.lakki

410. Yoo deebiin gaafii 409ffaa "Eeyyee" jette, isa kamiin fayyadamaa jirtaa? (Koodii
isanitiin tarreessii)

411. yoo debbiin gafii 409"lakki" jette amma mala ulfa tursiisu isa kam fayyadamuu
barbadaa?kodii armaan oolin guuti

412. Haati manaa tee yeeroo kanatti akka hin ulfoofneef waan fayyadamtu qabdii? A.
Eeyyee B. lakii C hin bekuu D.addaan hin baaffanne E.deebisuuf fedhii hin qabu.

31