DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12 ABM STUDENTS ON THE TOPICS IN

FUNDAMENTAL OF ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 1

Dear Respondents,

The undersigned are Senior High School students of Dolores Macasaet National
High School who are presently conducting research entitled “Difficulties Encountered by Grade
12 ABM students on the Topics in Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 1
at Dolores Macasaet National High School for the year 2022-2023". The objective of the study is
to determine the difficulties encountered by Grade 12 ABM students on the topics in
Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management 1 and proposes the creation of
pamphlet. In this regard, may we ask for your help by answering the attached questionnaire with
utmost diligence and honesty. Rest assured that your identity and answers will be kept
confidential and will be used for research purposes only.

Your cooperation in this endeavor will be highly appreciated. Thank you and more
power .

PART I . DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

1. Age :
 17
 18
 19
 20
If others, please specify:
2. Sex :
 Male
 Female

3. Monthly Family Income :

 Below : P10,957
 Low – income :P10,957 – P21,914
 Lower Middle : P21,914 – P43,828
 Middle : P43,828 – P76,669
 Upper middle :P131,483 – P219,140
 Rich : P219,140 above
PART II. DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY GRADE 12 ABM STUDENTS ON THE TOPICS
IN FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTANCY , BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 1
A. IDENTIFYING TRANSACTIONS
Identifying Transactions refers to initial step of the accounting . Identifying a transaction
means determining if it exists and whether it is a monetary transaction is related to
business(Muskaan , 2023)
Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as
to your Identifying Transactions.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Identifying
Transaction
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
I find it easy
to….
1. identify the
accounts
involved in the
transactions
2. determine
whether the
accounts
involved are
assets,
liabilities, or
equity
3. determine
which account
increases and
which one
decreases
4. apply the
rules of debit
and credit on
accounts
5. record the
transactions in
my journal entry
 B. RECORDING TRANSACTIONS IN A JOURNAL
Recording Transactions in a Journal refers how you record financial transactions .To
make a journal entry , you enter details of a transaction into company’s books (Warners ,
2021).
Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as to
your Recording Transactions in a Journal.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Recording
Transactions in
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
a Journal

I find it easy to...

1. analyze
business
transactions
2. distinguish
specific account
titles to be used
in a journal
entry
3. understand
how to use the
journal and its
parts
4. figure out the
accounts
affected
5. translate the
changes into
debit and credit
of a transactions

*Adopted from the study of Bondoy, et al entitled Difficulties of Grade 12 ABM Students
Towards Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management Subject in a
Philippine University.
 C. POSTING
Posting refers to the procedure of making entries from trial documents to a relevant
general ledger, which contains a record of the vast volume of transactions activity
(Lutwidge, 2019).
Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as to
your Posting.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Posting
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
I find it easy to...

1. post account
titles accurately
on the General
Ledger
2. compute for
the running
balances of
every account
3. enter the
debits and
credits
4. check for
errors and
correct it
5. write ledger
account number
in post
reference of the
general journal
*Adopted from the study of Bondoy, et al entitled Difficulties of Grade 12 ABM Students
Towards Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management Subject in a
Philippine University.
 D. PREPARING UNADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE
Preparing Unadjusted Trial Balance refers to listing all account balances to create
a financial statement before adjusting entries are made .It is prepared on a monthly ,
quarterly , and yearly basis (Shabana , 2023).
Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as
to your Preparing Unadjusted Trial Balance.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Preparing
Unadjusted Trial
Balance (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

I find it easy to...

1. compute for
the running
balance
incurred on
every account
title that will be
use in trial
balance
2. backtrack on
the ledger to
find the
discrepancies
on every
account title to
create a proper
trial balance
3. distinguish if
an account title
is on the debit
or credit side
4. record debit
or credit
balances in trial
balance
accurately
5. check if debit
is equal to credit
 E. PREPARING WORKSHEETS
Preparing Worksheet refers to the following steps which is post balances in trial
balance columns , post adjusting entries in adjustment columns , enter balances in
adjusting trial balance columns ,complete income statement columns , determine net
loss or net income , and complete balance sheet columns (Tamplin , 2022) .

Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as
to your Worksheet.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Preparing
Worksheet
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
I find it easy to...

1. journalize
adjusting entries
2. balance the
adjusted trial
balance
3. follow the
right format of
the worksheet
4. distinguish if
the amount
should be on
the debit side or
credit side on
the column of
worksheet
5. record the
income
statement

*Adopted from the study of Bondoy, et al entitled Difficulties of Grade 12 ABM Students
Towards Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management Subject in a
Philippine University.
 F. ADJUSTING JOURNAL ENTRIES
An adjusting journal entry refers to an entry in a company's general ledger that occurs
at the end of an accounting period to record any unrecognized income or expenses for the
period. Adjusting journal entries can also refer to financial reporting that corrects a mistake
made previously in the accounting period (Tuovila, 2022).
Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as to
your Adjusting Journal Entries.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Adjusting
Journal Entries
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
I find it easy to...

1. record
accrued
revenue
2. know when to
use an accrual
account and
when to use an
account
receivable
account
3. record
accrued
expenses
4. record
deferred
revenue
5. identify
depreciation
expenses
 G. PREPARING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Preparing Financial refers to the last step in accounting cycle before the cycle starts over
in a new period . After the accounts have been adjusted and closed , the financial
statements are compiled . There is a logical order to preparing statements because they
build on one another .The first step in the process is the trial balance (Francis , 2019).
Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as
to your Financial Statement.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Financial
Statement
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
I find it easy to...

1. prepare
statement of
financial
position
2. prepare
statement of
comprehensive
income
3. prepare
statement of
changes in
equity
4. prepare
statement of
cash flow
5. use financial
statement
reports in
making decision
 H. CLOSING THE BOOKS
Closing the Books is the process of collecting the relevant accounting information ,
recording necessary journal entries , reconciling accounts , and reviewing the outcomes
(Klein , 2022) .
Direction: Read the following statement carefully and pick your degree of agreement as
to your Closing the Books.
LEGEND:
5 – Strongly Agree (SA)
4 – Agree (A)
3 – Neutral (N)
2 – Disagree (D)
1 – Strongly Disagree (SD)

Statement SA A N D SD

Closing the
Books
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
I find it easy to...

1. distinguish
normal accounts
from real
accounts
2. close the
nominal
accounts
3. create the
post-closing trial
balance
4. finalize
closing entries
5. sum the
general ledger
accounts

*Adopted from the study of Bondoy, et al entitled Difficulties of Grade 12 ABM Students
Towards Fundamentals of Accountancy, Business and Management Subject in a
Philippine University.
Presented by:
Princess Harrieth E. Gallardo
Ivy Joy P. Gualberto
Quenbell Magcamit
Researchers

Checked by:
Dennis M. Chumacera
Research Adviser