113

&%% prqFkZ v/;k; %%&

fcykoy ds izdkjksa dk Lo:i
1- 'kq) fcykoy
2- vYgS;k fcykoy
3- nsofxjh fcykoy
4- dqdqHk fcykoy
5- ;euh fcykoy
6- 'kqDy fcykoy
7- yPNklk[k fcykoy
8- ljijnk fcykoy
9- uV fcykoy
 114

dY;k.k] dkuM+k rFkk eYgkj ;s lHkh izdkj viuk&viuk futh egŸo

j[krs gSaA fdUrq fcykoy ds izdkj ,d n`f"Vdks.k ls fo’ks"k ,oa lokZf/kd
egŸo j[krs gSaA vk/kqfud fgUnqLrkuh laxhr ds 'kq) Loj fcykoy esy ds gh
Loj ekus x, gSaA

fcykoy ds izdkj lkekU; :i ls fopkj.kh; gSaA dqN jkx ,sls gSa]

ftuesa ^fcykoy* & ;g uke Li"V :i ls xzg.k fd;k tkrk gSA tSls& 'kq)
fcykoy] vYgS;k fcykoy] nsofxjh fcykoy] dqdqHk fcykoy] yPNklkjo
fcykoy] 'kqDy fcykoy] ;euh fcykoy] ljijnk fcykoy] uV fcykoy ;k
fcykoy FkkVA ;s gh okLro esa fcykoy ds eq[; izdkj gaSA vU; jkx tSls&
fcgkx] fcgkxM+k] nsldkj] 'kadjk] iVeatjh] eyqgkdsnkj] ty/kj dsnkj] nqxkZ]
igkM+h] ekaM] gal/ofu ds vkfn ;k var esa fcykoy uke ugha fy;k tkrkA
fdUrq dsoy ek= fcykoy FkkV ds vUrxZr budk oxhZdj.k fd;k x;k gSA
;g t:jh ugha gS fd lHkh Hksn&fo’ks"k ,d gh FkkV ds vUrxZr vk tk,aA
tSls dkuM+k ds lc izdkj dkQh FkkV ds vUrxZr ugha vkrsA njckjh vkSj
vMkuk vklkojh FkkV ds vUrxZr gaSA ;g Hkh ugha le>uk pkfg, fd ,d
FkkV ds vUrxZr ,d gh ^izdkj* ;k ^Hksn* oxhZd`r gks ldrs gSaA tSls&
dkQh FkkV ds vUrxZr dsoy dkuM+k izdkj gh ugha] oju~ eYgkj ds izdkj]
lkjax ds Hksn] ?kukJh rFkk lSU/koh vax ds jkx Hkh vUrfuZfgr gSa vr% FkkV
i)fr dk nk;jk Hksn i)fr ;k izdkj i)fr ls vf/kd foLr`r gSA ;g rF;
fopkj esa j[krs gq, gekjk foospu mu jkxksa rd fo’ks"k :i ls lhfer jguk
pkfg;s] ftlds lkFk fcykoy dh laKk Li"V :i ls yxh gqbZ gSA160

,sls Hksn fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa vkB ;k ukS ifjxf.kr gSA ¼1½
'kq) fcykoy ¼2½ vYgS;k fcykoy ¼3½ nsofxjh fcykoy ¼4½ dqdqHk fcykoy

160
^^laxhr dyk fogkj** vizSy] 1963 pUnz’ks[kj iUr] i`- la- 138
 115

¼5½ yPNklk[k fcykoy ¼6½ 'kqDy fcykoy ¼7½ ljijnk fcykoy ¼8½ ;euh
fcykoy ¼9½ uV fcykoy ;k fcykoy ukVA
pUnz’ks[kj iUr th us dgk fd okLro esa vkB gh Hksn Li"V gaS] D;ksafd
uV fcykoy] fcykoy ukV ds uke ls Hkh izfl) gSA blfy, ukV Hksnksa ds
vUrxZr Hkh gks ldrk gS] tSls& fcykoy ukV] fogkx ukV] dsnkj ukV]
dkeksn ukV vkfnA ;s ukV Hksn Hkh vktdy fcykoy FkkV ds gh vUrxZr j[ks
tkrs gSaA buesa ls vkBosa Hksn ;euh fcykoy dks Lo- Hkkr[k.Ms th us
y{;laxhr ds izFke laLdj.k esa dY;k.k FkkV ds vUrxZr j[kk Fkk] ijUrq
ckn esa vf/kd fopkj djus ij ;euh fcykoy dks fcykoy esy ds gh
vUrxZr eku fy;k] D;ksafd &
^^izk/kkU;su O;ins’kk% HkofUr**A
iz/kku vax ds vk/kkj ij ukedj.k gksuk pkfg,A blh izdkj ge jkx
fcykoy ds izdkjksa dk v/;;u djsaxsa &

1- 'kq) fcykoy
e`nq e/;e rhoj lcfga lqj lksgr tsfg ekafg A
/kx oknh lEokfn gS dgr fcykoy rkafg AA
bl jkx esa lHkh 'kq) Loj yxrs gSaA oknh Loj /kSor o lEoknh xa/kkj
gSA xk;u le; izkr%dky gSA dY;k.k ls budk Lo:i dqN&dqN
feyrk&tqyrk gSA blfy, dksbZ&dksbZ bls izkr%dky dk dY;k.k Hkh dgrs gSaA
fcykoy jkx esa fu"kkn vkSj xa/kkj Loj oØ jgrs gSaA ;g lEiw.kZ tkfr dk
vR;Ur e/kqj vkSj euksgj jkx gSA
vkjksgkojksg Lo:i & lk] js] x] e] i] /k] fu lka A
lka fu /k] i] ex] jslk A161

161
^^laaxhr** tuojh] 1953 ^^fcykoy vad** i`- la- 33
 116

2- jkx & vYgS;k fcykoy

jkxks osykoyhfi izfFkr bg lnk ekU;'kq)Lojs"kq A
"kM~tU;klxzgks·;a izd`frlq:fpjks /kSork’kka xea=h A
dY;k.kkxa n/kkuks foylafr fux;ksofØrk ;k= fuR;a A
izkrxsZ;ks·fHkxhrks je;fr ân;a J`.korkes"k iw.kZ% A
& dYinqzekadqjs
osykoyhjkxHkoLoYgS;k iw.kksZ /kokfn lgpkfjxkfUor% A
e`nqfuZ"kknkS·fHkerks·= fdafpnkjksg.ks e/;eoftZrks·;e~ AA
& dYinqzekadqjs
osykoyh ekU;’kq)k xlkaokfn/kokfnuh A
xfuoØk rFkk iw.kkZ izkr,so fg xh;rs AA
osykoyhleqn~Hkwr vkjksgs oT;Ze/;e% A
vYgS;k /kxloknks·ojksgs e`nqfu% DokZpr~ AA
& pfUnzdklkj
e`n` e/;e rhoj lofg lqj lksgr tsfg ekfg A
/k&x oknh&laokfn gS] dgr fcykoy rkfg AA
e`nq e/;e] lc rh[k lqj] e/;e ls u p<+S;k A
dgq fujokn dksey yxr] /k&x laokn vYgS;k AA
& pfUnzdklkj
ljkS xekS i/kkS fulkS fu/kkS iekS xekS fjlkS A
'kq) csykoyh /kka’kk xs;k izkg~.ks euksgjk AA
izkjksgs psUefjDrklkS fu};k xfuofØ;k A
vYgS;k LFkkr~ lqfo[;krk /kSorka’kifj"d`rk AA
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~162
^^csykoyh leqnHkwr vkjksg oT;feg;e% A
162
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** Hkkx & 2] ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms i`- la- 74&75
 117

vYgS;k /k x lEoknh vkjksg enqfu% dofpr~ A

xuh x;kS /k uh /k lkS luh /kuh /klkS exkS A
ejh lp lnk :ivYgS;k ;k% Jqra tsus AA
e`nq e/;e rhoj lcfg lqj lksgr tksfg ekfg A
/kx oknh&lEoknh gS] dgr fcykoy rkfg A
e`nq e/;e] lc rhjo lqj] e/;e ls u p<S+;k A
dgaq fu’kkn dksey yxr] /k&x laokn vYgS;k A**163

vYgS;k fcykoy dks fcykoy Hkh dgrs gSaA tc fcykoy rFkk vYgS;k
fcykoy esa Hksn fd;k tkrk gS] rc fcykoy esa dsoy rhoz fu"kkn rFkk
vYgS;k fcykoy esa rhoz vkSj dksey nksuksa fu"kknksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ia- Hkkr[k.Ms th us viuh Øfed iqLrd ekfydk esa dsoy ,d rhoz fu"kkn
;qDr fcykoy dh Hkh dqN jpuk,¡ nh gS] fdUrq izpkj esa izk;% lHkh xq.khtu
fcykoy uke ls LoHkkor% nks fu"kkn ysdj gh xkrs ctkrs lqus x;s gSaA
fcykoy dh lh/kh vkjksgh rku esa e/;e iw.kZr;k oftZr gS] ;Fkk& lk
fu
js x i /k fu lka vkSj ;gh bldh lcls cM+h igpku Hkh gSA rkj "kM~t
ls mrjrs le; ^^lka fu /k fu /k i vFkok lka fu /k i] /k fu /k i bl
fØ;k ls fcykoy dh iwjh iqf"V gks tkrh gS] bldh tkfr "kkMo&oØ lEiw.kZ
gSA iwok±x esa _"kHk rFkk mÙkjkax esa /kSor blds izk.k Loj gSaA vU; izcy
Lojksa esa iwok±x esa xU/kkj vkSj mÙkjkax esa fu"kkn gS] vkjksgh rFkk vojksgh
nksuksa gh fØ;k esa iape ij U;kl gksrk gSA fnol ds izFke izgj ds dqN 'ks"k
Hkkx esa rFkk f}rh; izgj ds dqN vkjEHk ds va’k esa vYgS;k fcykoy xkus
ctkus dk izpyu gSA164
eq[; vax & ^^x js x i] /k uh /k i] ex e js lk**

jkx & Lo:i &

163
^^laxhr Lofjr** jekdkUr] f}osnh] i`- la- 24
164
^^laxhrkatfy** Hkkx &1] ia- vksadkj ukFk Bkdqj] i`- la- 115
 118

lk] x js x i] e x e js] lk] U+kh /+k U+kh /+k I+k] /+k U+kh lka] x js x
i] /k uh lka] lka uh /k uh /k i] x i /k uh /k i] e x e js] lk A

3- jkx & nsofxjh fcykoy

fulkS /kuh /klkS fjxkS exkS iekS xekS fjlkS A

nsofxjh Hkosr~ izkr% "kM~tka’k eksnof/kZuh A
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~ AA 31 AA
osykoyhesyHkoks fg nsofxfjfoZykses /kx nqcZys;e~ A
lEiw.kZjkx% fdy "kM~toknh dY;k.kfeJks·fHker% izHkkrs AA
& jkxdYinzqekadqjs AA 17 AA165
tcfg fcykoy esy es mrjr /k x ufga ykx A
li oknh lEokfn rs dgr nsofxjh jkx AA

;g ,d lk/kkj.k izpfyr jkx gSA ;g fo’ks"k 'kS{kf.kd i)fr esa

fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;g izkphu vokZphu xzaFkksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA izkphu dky esa
nsofxjh laLFkku FkkA166 ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd nkSyrkckn dk uke igys
nsofxjh Fkk vkSj pwafd ;g jkx ogha ls fudyk gS] blfy, bldk uke Hkh
nsofxjh iM+kA167
;g jkx izkphu laxhrK dfo ^^vehj [kqljks** ¼vYykmÌhu f[kyth ds
njckjkfJr½ uk;d ds jfpr jkxksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gSA168
bl jkx dh mRifÙk fcykoy FkkV ls ekuh tkrh gS bldk oknh Loj
"kM~t gSA ¼dksbZ&dksbZ /kSor dks Hkh oknh ekurs gSa½ xk;u le; izkr%dky gSA
vojksg esa dHkh&dHkh /kSor ds lkFk Dofpr~ dksey fu"kkn dk iz;ksx lqUnj
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tc bl jkx ds vkjksg esa ^e fu* oftZr djrs gSa rks
165
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 111
166
^^jkx n’kZu** Hkkx & 2] ia- ekf.kd cqvk Bkdqjnkl] i`- la- 63
167
^^jkx izoh.k** ia- x.ks’k izlkn 'kekZ] i`- la- 180
168
^^laxhr dyk fogkj** uoEcj] 1961 Jh ck- dklyhdj] i`- la- 136
 119

vkSMo&lEiw.kZ nsofxjh dk Lo:i cu tkrk gSA dksbZ&dksbZ xk;d rhoz e/;e

dk Hkh Dofpr~ iz;ksx djrs ns[ks tkrs gSaA ml le; blesa dY;k.k vax
fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gSA nsofxjh fcykoy dk mBko bl izdkj gS & fU+k lk] /+k]
fU+k /+k lk] jsx] e x] i] e x] x js] lk A

vkjksgkojksg Lo:i &

lk js x e x i /k] fu /k lka A
lka fu /k fu i ex js lk A169

4- jkx & dqdqHk fcykoy

lxkS xekS iekS xjh xekS i/kkS l/kkS iekS A
iekS xekS fjlkS fuR;a dqadqHkk eksf’kdk izxs AA
vfip
fjxkS exkS ejh ljh /kikS eikS /kekS A
xekS fjlkfofr izkspq% dqadqHkk:ida ijs AA
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~ AA 34 AA
osykoR;k% izHksn% dqadqHk bfr erks ekU;rhozLojjk<;% A
lEoknh ;"kZHkks·fLeu~ foylfr furjka iapeksa okfnihBs A
lafeJks tStoR;kHkfnfr lqf/k;ksa ;}anfr /kzqoa rn~ A
xk;fr izkrjso izfrfnoleeqa xku’kkL=izoh.kk% AA170
& jkxdYinzqekadqjs AA 23 AA
jkx fcykoy esa tcS] t;t;oUrh gks; A
le lEoknh okfn rsa] dqadqHk fu"kkns nks; A171

;g fcykoy FkkV tU; jkx gSA blesa nksuksa fu"kkn rFkk vU; lHkh
Loj 'kq) yxrs gSaA fcykoy dk ,d izdkj gksus ds ukrs bls yksx ^^dqdqHk
169
^^laxhr fcykoy** vad 1953 i`- la- 34
170
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk**] ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms- i`- la- 156
171
^^laxhr fcykoy** vad 1953 i`- la- 36
 120

fcykoy** ds uke ls Hkh iqdkjrs gSaA bldh tkfr lEiw.kZ gSA oknh & e/;e]
lEoknh & "kM~t vkSj xk;u le; izkr%dkyA

jkx & Lo:i

i] i e x js x lk] lk] U+kh /+k U+kh /+k I+k] /+k U+kh /+k lkA lk js lk]
js e i] /k uh /k i] lk i] e x js x lkA U+kh lk] js js] x x] e i] /k
uh /k] lka] lka jsa lka] uh /k uh /k i] e x e] js x lkA lka uh /k uh /k
i] /k e x e] js x lka A

bl jkx ds fo"k; esa dqN fo}kuksa ds erkuqlkj t;t;oUrh vkSj

vYgS;k dk esy gSA ;g jkx fo’ks"k :i ls lIrd ds mÙkjkax esa gh xk;k
tkrk gSA blesa "kM~t vkSj iape dh laxfr eq[; :i ls gksrh gSA vojksg esa
vkyki dh lekfIr xa/kkj vkSj "kM~t dh laxfr ls gh djrs gSaA172

dqdqHk fcykoy ds iwok±x esa t;t;oUrh o fcykoy] mÙkjkax esa dsoy

fcykoy va’k fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA173

vkjksg & lk js x lk] js e i] /k uh /k lka A

vojksg & lka uh /k uh /k i] e i e x] e js lk A

5- jkx & ;euh fcykoy

erk ;euiwfoZdk iqufj;a fg osykoyh

izfo"V bg rhoz e/;e bfr :i:is fHknk A
likofHkerkS lnk :fpjoknh laokfnukS A
euksKe/kqjLojSl"kfl xh;rs lkaizre AA
& jkx dYinqzekadjs AA 16 AA
172
^^jkx izoh.k** ia- x.ks’k izlkn 'kekZ] i`- la- 191
173
^^uojkx&fuferh** MkW- 'kadj vuar Vsadjks] i`- la- 167
 121

ljh xekS xikS e’p /kikS exkS ejh p l% A

lilaoknlaiUuk f}eserh izHkkrxk AA
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~ AA 32 AA174
p<+r rh[k e/;e yxs BkB fcykoy dksfg A
il lEokfn ckfnrs ;eu fcykoy gksfg AA
& jkepfUnzdklkj

;g ,d vk/kqfud vkSj vizpfyr jkx gSA bldk uke ^^;euh

fcykoy** ls Li"V gS fd ;g jkx nks jkxksa ^^;eu** vkSj ^^fcykoy** ds
feJ.k ls cuk gSA pwafd bl jkx esa ^^;eu** dh vis{kk ^^fcykoy** vax
dh iz/kkurk gS] blfy, bls fcykoy dk ,d izdkj ekuk tkrk gSA blds
fo"k; esa lHkh fo}ku ,d er gSA bl jkx dh mRifÙk ^^dY;k.k** FkkV ls
ekuh tkrh gSA bl fo"k; esa gekjs lHkh fo}ku ,d er ugh gSa D;ksafd dqN
yksx bls fcykoy FkkV tU; jkx ekurs gSaA bl jkx esa nksuksa e/;e rFkk
vU; lHkh Loj 'kq) yxrs gSaA dqN yksx dksey fu"kkn dk Hkh iz;ksx
Lohdkj djrs gSaA ftl le; ;euh fcykoy esa rhoz e/;e yxk;k tkrk gS
rks ;eu dk vax fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gS fdUrq 'kq) e/;e Li"V ysrs gh
;eu dk izHkko u"V gks tkrk gSA
i] e] i] x e x js] ;g iz;ksx jkxokpd gSA mBko & lk js x] e
x] i e /k i] x e x js] x js lk bl izdkj gSA bl jkx dh tkfr
lEiw.kZ ekuh tkrh gSA Lo:i &
x x
lk] U+kh js x] e x js x] js lk] U+kh /+k] I+k /+k U+kh lkA uh js x]
x
ex js x] i] e i] e x e js lkA js x e i] /k uh /k] lka] uh jsa xa
ea jsalk] ¼lka½ uh /k] uh /k i] e x e js x i] e i] e x] e js x js
lkA bl jkx Lo:i esa fcykoy vkSj dY;k.k jkx ds Lo:i dk cM+k gh

174
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 99
 122

lqUnj feJ.k gSA fo}kuksa dk dFku gS fd bl jkx ds vkjksg esa dY;k.k

vkSj vojksg esa fcykoy jkx dk vkHkkl feyrk gSA pwafd ;s ,d izkr%dkyhu
jkx gS blfy, vojksg esa fo’ks"k :i ls Li"V gksrk gSA bl n`f"V ls bl
jkx esa fcykoy jkx dh iz/kkurk gSA bl jkx dk foLrkj enz] e/; vkSj
rkj rhuksa lIrdksa esa [kwc gksrk gS bl jkx dk oknh Loj iape vkSj lEoknh
Loj "kM~t gS] xk;u le; izkr%dky vkSj lEizd`r ^^jkx & nsofxjh** gSA
x
vkjksg & uh js x] e js x i] e i] /k uh lka
175
vojksg & lka uh /k] uh /k i] e i] e x] js x js lk

6- jkx & 'kqDy fcykoy

lxkS xekS eikS /k’; fu/kkS iekS xekS fjlkS A

'kqDyosykoyh eka’kk izkrxhZrk 'kqHkiznk AA
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~ AA 30 AA
'kqDy fcykoy dgr gS] l & e lEoknh&okn A
BkB fcykoy esa tcS] mrjr nksm fujokn AA
& jkx pafnzdklkj
esys csykoyhis izHkofr :fpjk 'kqDyosykoyh ;Rizkjksgs A
nqcZyks fj% Dofpnfi p e`nq% LFkkfUu"kknks·ojksg AA
okfnRia e/;es LFkkrn~uqHkofr laokfnrk "kM~t ,o A
izk.kgs xkua izfn"Va lqfuiq.kefrfHkeZ/;es U;kl b"V% AA
& jkx dYinzqekadqjs AA 15 AA176
^^'kqDy fcykoy dgr gS] le lEoknh okn
BkB fcykoy esa tcS] mrjr nksm fu"kkn**

175
^^jkx izoh.k** ia- x.ks’k izlkn 'kekZ] i`- la- 174&178
176
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 143&144
 123

bl jkx dh mRifÙk fcykoy FkkV ls ekuh tkrh gSA blesa nksuksa

fu"kkn rFkk vU; lHkh Loj 'kq) yxrs gSaA bl jkx ds vkjksgkojksg esa lkrksa
Lojksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA vr% bldh tkfr lEiw.kZ gSA

Lo:i &

lk] x] e x] e i e x] js i] /k e x] i/k uh x] lk x] x e]
e i] e x e js lk i i e i e] lk x e] js i /k e] i /k uh /ke]
lka jsa lka uh /k uh x] e i e] x e js lk A

lk lk] x x e i] /k i] uh /k i] lka jsa lka] xa ea] ea xa ea jsa

lka] lka jsa lka uh /k] uh /k i] /k uh /k i] e i] i /k uh x] e i /k e]
i e x] ejs lk A

;g jkx oØ :i ls pyrk gSA fo}kuksa ds erkuqlkj bleas fcykoy

vkSj dsnkj dk lqUnj leUo; gSA oSls blesa xkSM lkjax dk cgqr dqN :i
ns[kus dks feyrk gSA bl jkx ds vkjksg esa fj"kHk nqcZy gS D;ksafd vf/kdrj
^^lk x e** tkrs gSaA blesa dksey fu"kkn dHkh&dHkh d.k ds :i esa dqN
xk;d yxkrs gSaA bl jkx esa fj"kHk & iape~] /kSor & e/;e vkSj dksey
fu"kkn rFkk xa/kkj dh Loj laxfr;k¡ izeq[k gSA oknh e/;e vkSj "kM~t
lEoknh gSA xk;u le; izkr%dky gSA177
'kqDy fcykoy] fcykoy dk ,d vizpfyr izdkj gSA vizfl) jkxksa ds
ckjs esa dHkh&dHkh fHkUu&fHkUu erizokg fn[kkrs gSaA
1& yk er %& fcykoy $ dsnkj $ xkSM
2& jk er %& fcykoy $ dsnkj $ xkSM eYgkj
nksuksa dh jk; ls fcykoy vkSj dsnkj vax gS gh] rhljk jkx xkSM
eYgkj blesa erHksn gS] bldk leizkd`frd jkx ljijnk fcykoy gSA
177
^^jkx izoh.k** ia- x.ks’k izlkn 'kekZ] i`- la- 193
 124

ljijnk xa/kkj iz/kku gS vkSj 'kqDy e/;e iz/kku gSA xkSM eYgkj blesa
erHksn gSA
lk x] x e & xkSM
/k · e & dsnkj
x i /k uh /k i] x js x i uh /k uh lka & fcykoy xkSM eYgkj
ekuus okys & lk x x e e i e e js e js i ·] i /k · e · e i
· e x js lk js e js i dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA

7- jkx & yPNklkjo fcykoy

jkxks yPNklkxks csdkoY;qjoks·fLr fu}a}% A
oknh /kSor ,ofg lEoknh Hkofr ;k= xka/kkj% AA
& jkx dYinzqekadqjs AA 22 AA
iekS xjh iekS x/kkS fulkS fu/kkS iekS xekS A
fjlkS yPNk|’kk[kkL;kRizkgs /kSorkfnuks A
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~ AA 36 AA178
jkx fcykoy esa tcS [kEEkktfg fey tk; A
/k x oknh lEokfn rs] yPNklk[k dgk; AA

;g jkx f>a>ksVh fcykoy vkSj [kekt ds feJ.k ls cuk gSA vehj

[kqljks }kjk ;g fo’ks"k :i ls izpkj esa yk;k x;k gSA yPNklk[k ;|fi
fo’ks"k :i ls izpfyr ugha gS fdUrq lh/kk vkSj ljy gksus ds dkj.k bldh
yksdfiz;rk c<+ jgh gSA179

izLrqr jkx fcykoy FkkV tU; gS blesa nksuksa fu"kkn dk iz;ksx gksrk gS
vU; lHkh Loj 'kq) yxrs gSaA bldh tkfr lEiw.kZ & lEiw.kZ gS ijUrq vkjksg
esa e/;e ,oa vojksg esa 'kq) fu"kkn nqcZy gSA /kSor oknh ,oa xa/kkj lEoknh

178
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk**] ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 134
179
^^laxhr**] tuojh&1953] fcykoy vad] i`- la- 35
 125

gSA xk;u le; fnu dk izFke izgj gSA izLrqr jkx esa fcykoy dh lHkh
Loj & ygfj;k¡ iz;qDr gksrh gS vFkkZr~ x i] /k e] /k x] lka /k fu i Loj
laxfr ds vfrfjDr vojksg esa x e js lk bl Hkkafr xa/kkj dk vf/kdrj
oØ iz;ksx Hkh bl jkx dk y{k.k gSA ftl Hkkafr ^^lk[k** ds vU; izdkj
e e
¼nsolk[k] jkelk[k] Hkolk[k½ esa x e js lk dkUgM+k vax ls o x x
i dh Loj laxfr dksey xa/kkj ;qDr gSA mlh Øe esa bu Loj laxfr;ksa dk
izLrqr jkx esa iz;ksx gksrk gSA ijUrq fcykoy FkkV dk jkx gksus ds dkj.k
blesa xa/kkj 'kq) gSA ijUrq jkx dk Lo:i bl izdkj gS ;Fkk&
e js
x x i i /k fu /k i e] i /k x x i e x e js lk] lk /k
i js
/k fu i] x i /k fu lka] lka fu /k i /k x x i e x e js lk] i
js
i lka lka] lka jsa lka xa ea jsa lka] lka fu /k i] /k fu lka /k fu i e x
x i /k e x e js lkA

mijksDr Loj foLrkj esa fcykoy ds Lo:i dk Li"Vhdj.k gksrk gSA

blh esa [kekt dk lka fu /k i Loj lewg feykdj bl jkx dh jpuk dh
xbZ gSA izLrqr jkx esa x x i Loj laxfr ds mPpkj.k esa bruk /;ku j[kuk
pkfg, fd xa/kkj dh bl iqujko`fŸk esa f}rh; xa/kkj esa _"kHk dk d.k vo’;
i js
yxkuk pkfg;s ;Fkk & x x i A [kekt ds lka fu /k i Loj laxfr ds
iz;ksx ls izLrqr jkx esa fcykoy vax dh tks vf/kdrk gS og ?kVrh jgrh
gSA bl izdkj ;g vizpfyr jkx vius fu;eksa ds dkj.k izpkj ds lHkh jkxksa
ls fHkUUk rFkk e/kqj gSA
js
vkjksg & lk js x x i] i fu /k fu lkaA
js
vojksg & lka fu /k i e x x i e x e js lka
js
eq[; Loj & x x i] /k fu lka fu /k i] e x e js lk180

180
^^vfHkuo xhrkatfy** Hkkx&2 ia- jkekJ; >k ^^jkejax** i`- la- 68
 126

8- jkx & ljijnk fcykoy

ljkS xekS /kikS fu/kkS fulkS fu/kkS iekS xekS A

fjlkS liZfnadk izkr% lilaokneaMuk AA
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~ AA 37 AA
foHkkfr ljinZd% ldyekU;rhozLojS A
fcykoy fo’ks"k ,o l bg izfr"Vks cq/kS% A
likoFk /kxk p dSf’pfng okfnlaokfnukS A
Le`rkoq"kfl xh;rs lqe/kqjLoja xk;dS% AA
& jkx dYinzqekadqjs AA 20 AA
ldy fcykoy dsfg lqj /kSor okfn dgkbZ A
lEoknh xka/kkj jfg ljijnk gks tkbZ A
& jkx pfUnzdklkj AA 19 AA181
ljijnk ,d ;kofud izdkj gSA dgk tkrk gS fd gT+kjr vehj [kqljks
}kjk bls izpkj esa yk;k x;k FkkA bl jkx esa vYgS;k fcykoy] ;eu] xkSM
o fcgkx bu jkxksa dk feJ.k ik;k tkrk gSA182
ljijnk fcykoy dh mRifÙk fcykoy FkkV ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl jkx
esa lkrksa Lojksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS blfy, bldh tkfr ^^lEiw.kZ** ekuh tkrh
gSA
Lo:i &
lk] js x e] i e x] e js lk A lk] x js x e i] /k /k i] x js
lk] js x e] js js lkA lk I+k /+k U+kh lk] js x e /k i] uh /k i] /k i] e
i /k uh lka] uh /k i] uh /k uh lka] jsa xa ea] xa jsa lk] lka uh /k i] /k
uh /k i] e x] js x e] x e /k /k i] e i e x e js] lk js lkA

181
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 126
182
^^laxhr** tuojh] 1953 fcykoy vad] i`- laa- 35
 127

bl jkx ds oknh lEoknh ds fo"k; esa erHksn gS dqN yksx xa/kkj dks
oknh] dqN /kSor dks oknh rFkk dqN yksx iape&"kM~t laokn vkSj dqN yksx
"kM~t&iape laokn ekurs gSa fdUrq izkr%dkyhu jkx gksus ds ukrs mÙkjkax esa
iape dk okfnRo vkSj "kM~t dk laokfnRo cgqekU; gSA bldk xk;u le;
fnu dk izFke izgj gSA
vkjksg & lk js x e] /k i /k uh lka
e
vojksg & lka uh /k i] uh /k i] /k i] e x js lk183

9- jkx & uV fcykoy

osykoyh LFkkUuViwfoZyk·fi Jqfrfiz;k e/;ekok|yad`rk A

vkjksg.ks ;= uVs foHkkfr izxh;rs izkrfj;a lq/kksfe% A
& jkxdYinqzekadqjs
lxkS eikS exkS ejh xekS iekS xekS fjlkS
uVcsykoyh izksäk izkrxsZ;ksgkek tus A184
& vfHkuojkxeat;kZe~ AA 35 AA
p<+r fcykoy jkx esa xkor uV dh rku
le lEoknh oknh rs uV fcykoy tku

bl jkx ds iwok±x esa uV vkSj mÙkjkax esa fcykoy dk feJ.k gksus ls

uV fcykoy ukedj.k gqvk gSA e/;e oknh vkSj "kMt lEoknh gSA oØ
lEiw.kZ tkfr gS] D;ksafd blds vojksg esa /kSor o xa/kkj Loj oØ gS vkSj
vkjksg lEiw.kZ gSA vojksg esa dgha&dgha dksey fu"kkn dk iz;ksx Hkh ik;k
tkrk gSA xk;u le; jkf= dk nwljk izgj ekuk tkrk gSA xa/kkj ds lkFk
e/;e dh laxfr lqUnj ekywe gksrh gSA ;Fkk & lk x e] e] e i e] x
e bR;kfn A

183
^^jkx izoh.k** ia- x.ks’k izlkn 'kekZ] i`- la- 192
184
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Mss] i`- la- 174
 128

vkjksgkojksg Lo:i &

lk x e x] e i e] /k fu lka] lka fu /k] fu i] e x e js
lkA185

¼1½ jkx fcykoy & f=rky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ
tkx mBs lc tu rqe tkxks
xkSou ds pjoky pjS;k

x lka e x
lka & /k i e x e js x e i ex e js lk &
tk & x m Bs · l c t u rq e· tk · xks ·

fU+k e i lka /k lka xjs

lk & x ejs x i fu fu lka & jsa lka lkajsa lkafu /ki ex
xkS · o u· ds · p j ok · y p jS· ·· ·· ;k·
186
0 3 x 2

vUrjk
Xoky cky lc xkSok¡ pjkor
rqejs dkju vkor /kkor] lnk jax eu rqelksa ykxksA

i /k fu jsa
i & fu fu lka lka lka lka lka xa xa ea xa jsa lka lka
Xok · y ck · y l c xkS · ok¡ p jk · o r

185
^^laxhr fcykoy** vad tuojh] 1953] i`- la- 34
186
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 81&82
 129

fu fu ea
i i /k fu lka & lka lka lka xajsa xaea iaea xa jsa lka lka
rq e js · dk · j u vk ·· ·o r· /kk · o r

i e i lka /k fu xjs
x x ejs x i i fu fu lka jsa lka & lkajsa lkafu /ki ex
l nk ·· ja · x e u rq e lksa · yk· ·· ·· xks·

x fu i
lka & /k i /k x e xjs
tk · x m Bs · l c·
0 3 x 2

¼2½ jkx fcykoy & f=rky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ
lqfejksa xtkuu dks euk] lqfejr gh fl/k gksr dke A
x
lq

i /kfu la fu la & & &fu /k i /kfu lafu /ki ex js x

fe jksa· · x tk · · ·· u u dks· ·· e· uk· ·] lq

i x e js l & x js x i /k i/k fu/k ie xjs] x

fe j · r gks · fl /k gks · r dk· ·· ·· e·] lq
3 x 2 0
varjk
,d nUr yEcksnj x.kifr] xkSjh lqr lc nq%[k gjuk]
^jkejax* cfutkr ysr uke AA

x & e js x i fu/k fu la & la la la jsa la la

 130

, · d n · Ur y· · Ecks · n j x .k i fr

fu fu
/k & /k & la la la la la jsa la la /k & i &
xkS · jh · lq r l c nq [k g j uk · · ·

x & e js x i fu/k fu /kfu lajsa la la /k &fu i i/k

jk · e ja · x c· fu tk· ·· r ys · ·· r uk·

fu/k ie xjs] x
·· ·· e·] lq
187
3 x 2 0
¼3½ jkx & vYgS;k fcykoy ¼NksVk [;ky½ rhu rky
LFkkbZ
eksjh vjt lquks fxj/kkjh vkt A
rqe nhu nq[kh ds ljrkt AA
e x
eks jh

ex uh /k i ex jsx i e x e js lkfU+k js lk] x js

v· j t lq uks· ·· fx j /kk · jh vk· · t] rq e

x i i i /k uh lka jsa lkjsa lkafu /kfu /ki ex ejs] e x

nh · e nq [kh ds l j rk· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·t] eks jh
0 3 x 2

vUrjk
vk;k gwa eSa 'kj.k frgkjh A

187
^^laxhr** vad tuojh] 2011] ia- jkekJ; >k] i`- la- 88
 131

d`ik djks egjkt AA

x i uh /k lka & lka & lka xajsa xa ea xajsa xa lkafu lka

vk · ;k · gwa · eSa · 'k j· x fr gk· · jh· ·

lkafu jsa lka lka /k i e x xi /kuh lkafu /ki /kuh /ki] e x

fd· j ik d jks · e gk jk· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·t] eks jh
188
0 3 x 2

¼4½ jkx & vYgS;k fcykoy f=rky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ
ykfMyh yky Qwys vkor] ykfMyh yky Qwys

i lka
lka & /k i xe i & e x & e js lk js lk lk
yk · fM+ yh ·· yk · y Qw · · ys vk · o r

u x i lka e
lka & e e & i & i /kfu lkajsa lkafu /ki ex ex js lk
yk · fM+ yh · yk · y Qw· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ys ·

lk lka
lka & /k i
yk · fM+ yks
0 3 x 2

vUrjk

188
^^laxhr Lofjr**] jekdkUr f}osnh] i`- la- 28
 132

dqat ds fyuo jax fcgkjh

lqjr fgaMksjs >wysA

i lka fu
i & i /k lka lka lka lka lka & lka lka lka js lka &
dq · t ds · fy u o j · x fc gk · jh ·

/k lka e
lka jsa xa jsa lka ¼lka½ /k i xi fu/k lkajsa lkafu /ki ex js lk
lq j r fg Mks · js · >w· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ys ·

lk
lka & /k i
yk · M+ yh
189
0 3 x 2

¼5½ vYgS;k fcykoy f=rky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ

dou cVfj;k xbyks ekb

ns gks crk; brgh br eksjk pqjokx byok

e e /k i e js
x e fu fu /k /k e i /k i e x & e & x
d o u c V fj ;k · x b yks · · ek · b

e i
x e i & x e i e x · · js lk & js lk

189
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 85&86
 133

ns · · · gks · · c rk · · · · · · ;

lka fu js
lka lka xa jsa lka fu /k fu lka fu /k i e e x x
b r gh · b r eks jk pq j ok x b y ok ·
0 3 X 2

vUrjk
ysus xbZ lkSnk vjs gVok js
brfu xyh esa xbyks douqok
/k fu lka fu
i i fu fu lka & lka & lka js lka lka /k i /k &
ys us x b lkS · nk · v js g V ok · js ·

ea lka x js
lka lka xa xa jsa & lka & /k fu lka lkafu /k i e x
b r fu x yh · esa · x b yks d· o uq ok ·
190
0 3 X 2

¼6½ jkx & nsofxjh fcykoy f=rky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ

vc Hk;s jktk jke eksgs euoka dkgs dks

lksp djs rqe iwjsaxs eu dke A

x i /kfu lkafu /ki ex ie xjs lk & & fU+k/+k fU+k js x &

v c Hk· ;s· jk· ·· tk· ·· jk · · e· eks · js ·
190
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 88
 134

e x js x ¼lk½ & /+k I+k x & e xjs x i /k i

e u ok · dk · gs dks lksa · p d· js · rq e

x e /k & fu i /kfu lkajsa lka fu /kfu i/k lkafu /ki ex js

iw · jsa · xs · e· u· dk · ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· e
0 3 x 2

vUrjk
fo|u fcuk’ku cSBs vklu] ^^jkejax** 'kksHkk dgsA
dkSu] 'kr 'kr dksfV enu /kfo ok:¡] lax fojktfr tkudh cke AA

i i fu/k fu lka & lka lka lka jsa xa jsa lka &fu /k i
fo /k u· fc uk · 'k u cS · Bs · vk ·· l u

lka & lkafu /k i e Xk js x e fu i/k ex ie xjs lk&

jk · e· ja · x 'kks · Hkk · · d· gs· dkS· ·· u·

e x js x lk fu+& /+k I+k x x e js x i /k i

'k r 'k r dks ·· fV dk · e N fo ok · :¡ ·

lka
x e /k /k fu i /kfu lkajsa lka fu /kfu i/k lkafu /ki ex js
la · x fc jk · t· fr· tk · u· dh· ck· ·· ·· e
191
0 3 x 2

¼7½ jkx nsofxfj fcykoy & f=rky ¼e/;y;½

191
^^vfHkuo xhrkatfy** ia- jkekJ; >k] i`- la- 76&77
 135

LFkkbZ

dkSu rqEgkjs ykxr dq¡oj lkaojs xksjs A

e
dkS
x js x js lk & fu+/+k lk & js x i e x & e
· u · rq Egk · ·· js · · yk · x r · dq¡

fu js
xjs x i & i & i /kfu lka & /k i e x &] e
o· j · · lka · o js· · · xks · js · ·] dks
3 x 2 0

vUrjk
ldqfp lquk;h fl; nsoj xksjs eksjs] ^jkejax* lS;ka laokjs
i
l
i fu /k fu lka & & lka & & lka jsa lka & & xa
dq fp · lq uk · · ;ks · · fl · ; · · ns

jsa xa & ea xa & &jsa lka & & ¼lka½ & /k fu i e

·q o · j xks · ·· js · · es · · · js jk

fu js
x js x i i & & /kfu lka & /k i e x & e
· e ja x lS · · ;ka· · · lka · o js ·] dkS
3 x 2 0
 136

¼8½ jkx nsofxfj fcykoy & f=rky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ
>uuu cktr ik;fy;k eksjh js]
eksgs Mj ykxr dSls ?kj tkš A

x
>
js
js lk &fu+ /+kI+k x & & e xe x ei e x &js lk lk
eq u ·· u· ck · · · ·· · ·· t r ·· · ik
3 x 2 0
e fu x js
x i i & /k fu Lka jsa lka &fu /k i e x & e
; fy ;k · eks · · · jh ·· js · eks gs · M
3 x 2 0
x
i e x js x & &js fu+ & js x e x &js lk] x
j yk · x r · ·· dS · ls ?k j tk ·· Å¡ >
3 x 2 0

vUrjk
lcn lqur lc tkx ijr yksx]
fi;k ^izse jax* dSls dS eukš AA
i
l
fu
i lka & lka lka & & lka & & lka jsa lka & & /k
 137

c n · lq u · · r · · l · c · · tk
3 x 2 0
js
fu lka & jsa lka fu Lka fu /k fu i & xe x & e
· x · i j · · · r · yks · x· · · fi
3 x 2 0
¼i½ e x js x & xjs fu js x & e x &js lk] x
;k izs · e ja · x· dS ls dS · e uk ·· Å¡] >192

¼9½ jkx &dqdqHk fcykoy >irky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ

rsjs feyu nk ;k os lSa;ks eSuw¡

vkos yks uh nk pkos lS;ks eSuw¡
fU+k e
lk i i & /k i e xjs x lk
rs · js · fe y u nk· · ·
js x
js & & x x e x js lk &
pk · · · os lSa ;ka eS uw¡ ·
fu+
lk i i & /k i e xjs x lk
vk · os · yks uh · nk· · ·
x js x
js & & x x e x js lk &
pk · · · os lSa ;ks eSa uw¡ ·
x 2 0 3

192
^^vfHkuo xhrkatfy** jkekJ; >k] i`- la- 80&81
 138

vUrjk
lksuh lksuh lwjr] eu ij cljh] esjks jhr ircq>k
os yksuh nk pk os lS;ks eSuw¡
e
i i fu & fu lka & lka & lka
lks uh lks · uh lw · j · r
fu lka lka
lka /k lka & jsa lka lka /k fUk i
e u i · j c l jh · ·
e i i lka
i & x e js x i /k & jsa
es · jks · jh r i r · cq
lka Fk
lka & /k fui /k i e xjs x lk
>k · os ·· yks uh · nk· · ·
x js x
js & & x x e x js lk &
pk · · · os lSa ;ks eS uw¡ ·
193

x 2 0 3

¼10½ jkx & dqdqHk fcykoy rhu rky ¼e/;y;½

LFkkbZ

fcljh u tk;s rksjh jl dh Hkjh ythyh v¡f[k;ka A

193
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** Hkkx & 5] ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 160
 139

i e xjs lkfu+ lk js & & & lk fu+/k+ fu+ lk

fc l jh· ·· u tk · · · ;s ·· rks ·

x & x] x i /kfu lka fu lkafu lka & fu /kfu i i /k

jh · ·] j l dh· · Hk jh· · · y th· yh va f[k
ie xjs x &
;k¡· ·· · ·
0 3 x 2
vUrjk
dktj ns; ds Vksuk nhuks] ufga rks utj ls utj yx tk; AA

&x i fu /k lka & lka lka &fu jsa &fu lka

·dk · Tk j ns · ; ds ·Vks · ·uk ·

/k fu i & i /k Ekx exjs x i /kfu lka /k i i /k

nh · uks · u fga rks· u·· t j ls· u t j y x
e xjs x &
tk ,s· · ·
194
0 3 x 2

¼11½ jkx & yPNklk[k ¼y{eh lk[k½ pkSrky

LFkkbZ
ns[kks I;kjh fcfiu esa] dSlh Nfo Nk; jgh]
>qfd jgh yrk vfr] yxr lqgkouh

194
^^laxhr** flrEcj] 1952] Jh jkeyky ekFkqj] i`- la- 762
 140

js
i x x i & /k lk fu /k fu /k i
ns · [kks I;k · jh fc fi u · esa ·

js
/k i e x & i x e js lk & lk
dS · lh N · fo Nk · ; j · gh

fu
lk /k i /k fu lka jsa lka lka /k fu i
>q fd · j · gh y rk · v · fr

i
fu /k e i /k x i x e js & lk
y x · r · lq gk · · o · uh
x 0 2 0 3 4

vUrjk
Qwys Qwy jax jax] Hakoj xqatkj djr A
dksfdyk BkSj BkSj cksyr eu Hkkouh AA

i & i lka & lka lka & jsa lka & lka
Qw · ys Qw · y ja · x ja · x

lka xa ea jsa lka lka fu /k fu lka lka lka

Hk o · j · xqa tk · j d j r
 141

js
x e i /k fu /k e i /k x x i
dks · fd yk · · BkS · j BkS · j

js fu+
/k i e x & i x e js lk js lk
cks y r e · u Hkk · o uh · ·195
x 0 2 0 3 4
¼12½ yPNklk[k fcykoy & >irky ¼e/; y;½
LFkk;h
lksfgyjk xkoksjh >koks vkt xkoks
eafny jk lks
e
x
lks
e
e fu /k i e x js x lk js
fg y jk · · xk · · · oks
e e js lka lka
x & x e x i & i fu fu
jh · >k · oks vk · t xk oks
i e
lka & lkafu /k i e & x &] x
ea · ·· fn y jk · · ·] lks
195
^^vfHkuo xhrkatfy** Hkkx & 2] ys[kd ia- jkekJ; >k ^^jkejax**] i`- la- 70
 142

0 3 x 2

varjk
lc l[kh;u fey pkSd iqjkoks] 'kqHk ?kM+h 'kqHk fnu
eaxy xkoks gw lsuh cujk vkt lksA
e lka
i i fu & fu lka lka lka & lka
l c l · f[k ; u fe · y
fu jsa
lka xa xa & ea xa jsa lka & lka
pkS · d · iq jk · · · oks
e i /k
i i fu fu & lka lka & jsa lka
'kq Hk ?k M+h · 'kq Hk · fn u
fu jsa fu
lka xa xa & ea xa jsa lka & lka
ea · x · y xk · oks · gq
lka i
lka & /k i & /k e xe jsx] &
ls · uh · · o u jk· ·· ·
x 2 0 3
i & i & x
vk · t · lks
196
x 2 0 3
¼13½ 'kqDy fcykoy & >irky ¼e/;y;½

196
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 139
 143

LFkkbZ
^^dy uk ijr eksgs] ful nhu jhnbZ
fojgk vfxu eksjs] ru esa tjhnbZ**

x e e x
e x x e fu /k i e i e
d y uk · i j r eks · gs
i e
x e xjs x lk x jsx i e &
fu l nh· · u jh ·· n bZ ·
i lka
x e x & e i /k fu lka lka
fo j gk · v fx u eks · js
/k /k lka
lka fu /k & e i /k fu lka e
r u esa · t jh · n bZ ·
x 2 0 3

vUrjk
^^lxq.k fi;k fcu flaxkj vkHk jart nh;ks gs
jr gw¡ ex rdrh [kM+h nbZ**
lka lka lka
fu fu fu /k fu lka & lka lka lka
l xq u · fi ;k · fc u fla
jsa lka lka
lka jsa xa jsa ¼lka½ fu lk /k fu i
xk j vk Hk ja r t nh · ;ks
 144

e /k
i /k x & e i /k fu lka lka
gs · j · r gwwa · e x ·
fu
lka fu /k & e i /k fu lka e
r d rh · [k Mh · n bZ ·
197
x 2 0 3

¼14½ jkx & 'kqDy fcykoy & >irky

LFkkbZ

'kadj lqou eksjks ck/kk gjks vkt]

ok.kh djks 'kq) fo|k iz[kj nsgks A

lk & x e i e e x js lk
'ka · d j lq o u eks · jh

x e i & /k e & x e e
ck · /kk · g jks · vk · t

x e i & uh /k i /k e e
ok · .kh · g jh · 'kq · )

uh
i & lka & i /k e x js lk
fo · |k · iz [k j ns · gks
x 2 0 3
197
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 152
 145

vUrjk

lsor pju rqEgjs] fl)h ldy gksr]

rqegks xq# Kkuh] dhtS d`ik ukFk AA

/k
i & uh uh lka uh uh lka lka lka
ls · o r p j u rq Eg js

lka & xa & ea xa jsa lka & lka

fl · )h · l d y gks · r

lka lka /k & i /k & e & e

rq e gks · xq # · Kk · uh

x e i uh /k e & xa & lka

dh · dh · d` ik · uk · Fk
198
x 2 0 3

¼15½ jkx & ;euh fcykoy & f=rky

LFkkbZ
tkxks yky tkxks js] lQy txr dh fuf/k;ka ok:¡ js A

& & & x js lka /k+fu+ i+ x & fu js x js lk &

· · · tk xks yk ·· y tk · · · · xks js ·

lk js x e x js xe i &i fu &/k fu ie xei xe js

l d y] t x r dh· · ·fu f/k ·;ka · ok· ··· ·· :a

198
^^laxhr dyk fogkj&1977** vkpk;Z Lo- ukuwHkR;k rSyax ds laxzg ls izLrksrk & ia- xaxk/kjjko rSyax] i`- la- 3
 146

x & &] x js lkfu+ /k+fu+ i+

js · ·] tk xks yk· ·· y
0 3 x 2
vUrjk
ou dh Mkj fpjS;ka cksysa] cksy lquk;s] fuafn;k R;kxks js AA

&x i fu/k fu lka & lka & &fu jsa lka fu /kfu i/k xe jsx
·c u dh· · Mk · j fp ·jS · ;ka · cks· ·· ysa· ··

jsfu+ js x js x js lk & &i fu &/k fu i e xe js

·cks · y lq uk · ;s · ·fu fn ·;k · R;k · ·· xks

x & & x js lk /k+fu+ i+

js · · tk xks yk ·· y
199
0 3 x 2
¼16½ ;euh fcykoy & f=rky ¼e/; y;½
LFkk;h

fi;k fcu dSls ds /kjh;s dSls /khjt /kjh;s

pSu uk ijs ekA
x
js
fi
x x & js lk & fu+ /k+ lk & ¼lk½ & fu+ /k+ i+ &
;k fc · u dS · · · ls · · · ds · · ·

199
^^laxhr fcykoy vad & tuojh] 1953] i`- la- 107
 147

fu+
fu+ /k+ lk & Lkk & & & lk ¼lk½ fu+ /k+ & lk & js
/k · jh · ;s · · · dS · ls · · /kh · j

fu+
x & & js x & js & lk & & lk xjs x & x
t · · /k jh · · · ;s · · pS ·· u · uk

/k x x
e /k & i i e i x e x js js x js lk] js
· · · i js · · · · · · ek · · ·] fi
3 x 2 0

vUrjk
tc ls x;s eksjh lq/kgwa u yhuh lnk
jax dSls ijs eksgs pSuk ek
fu jsa
ex ex i i fu /k lka & lka & &] lka lka fu /k i
t· c· ls x ;s · eks · jh · ·] lq /k gw · u

x
i e i x e x js jsx &] x xe /k i e i x
yh · · · · · · uh· ·] l nk· · · · · ·

x fu+ lk e
e x js js x js lk & lk & e x i & & &
 148

· · · ja · · x · dS · ls i js · · ·

x
ei /kfu lkajsa & lka & fu /k i e i x e x js js
eks· ·· ·· · gs · pS · · · · u · · · ek

x
x js lk] js x x & js lk
· · ·] fi ;k fc · u dS
200
0 3 x 2

¼17½ jkx & ljijnk fcykoy & f=rky ¼e/; y;½

LFkkbZ
;s rks eUok ukgs gejk dSlh js d:¡]
vc eksjh ekbZ ;s A
lk
;s
fu i
js x & e /k & i & e i & e x & e js
rks e · Uok uk · · · · · · j gs · · ·

fu+
x e i e x & js & lk & & & fu+ lk & lk
· · g e jk · · · · · · · · · · dS

200
^^Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** Hkkx & 5] ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 103
 149

e
js x & e fu /k i & & & ¼i½ & & & & lk
lh js · d : · · · · · · · · · · v

js x & x e x e js x js e x x js lk lk
c eks · jh ek · · · · · · · bZ · ·] ;s
3 x 2 0

vUrjk
cfV;k¡&cfV;k¡ tkr grh vjs Hkyk dkgq dks <hB uqokBk
Mj gs Hkyk vf[k;k¡ yqHkk;s] ;s A
fu
c
/k lka
fu fu & fu lka & & & lka & & & ¼lka½ & & fu
fV ;k¡ · c Vh · · · xk¡ · · · · · · tk

/k x
& fu & fu lka & & & /k i & e x & & e
· r · g rh · · · v js · Hk yk · · dk

e fu e fu
fu /k & /k /k fu i & i & fu /k lka & & lka
gq dks · <h B · uq · ok · · · · · · Bk

jsa lka i fu
xa lka & lka /k & fu i & & fu fu lka & & lka
· M · j gs · · · · · · Hk yk · · v¡
 150

lka i i fu+
lka /k fu i /k & e & x e ¼e½ & x js lk lk
f[k ;k¡ · yq Hkk · · · · · · · ;s · ·] ;s
201
3 x 2 0

¼18½ jkx & uV fcykoy & >irky ¼foyafcr½

LFkkbZ
tqofr tqFk lu Qkx [ksyr uan ds yky
dq¡oj gksjh gks gksjh cksyuk A
lk
lk lk x e ea e e e & e
tq o fr tq Fk l u Qk · x

x e x
e i i e i e x e & e
[ks · y r ua n ds yk · y

e ex i i & lka & /k fu i

d¡q o· j gks · jh · gks · ·

x js x
js x x e i e x e js lk
gks · jh · · cks · · y uk
x 2 0 3
vUrjk

201
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** Hkkx & 5] ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms th] i`- la- 130
 151

xk; uV ukjk;.k eqfnr psr lq Qkx pgw¡ fnl

fey xksi cky o`an Vksyuk A
e
i & lka lka lka lka & lka jsa lk
xk · ; u V uk · jk ; .k

fu jsa lka
lka xa xa ea jsa lka lka /k fu i
eq fn r ps · r lq Qk · x

i i jssa jsa lka jsa lka /k fu i

p g¡q · fn l fe y xks · i

e js x
js x x e i e x e js lk
ck · y o`a n Vks · · y uk
202
x 2 0 3

202
^^fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed iqLrd ekfydk** Hkkx & 5] ia- fo".kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms] i`- la- 172