FINAL TEST PROJECT

SUBJECT

TRANSLATING AND INTERPRETING

BY:

GROUP 1

1. OKTAVIANUS F. BANDANG
2. WINDI T. GANG
3. DESI FARIYANTI GELE
4. MELANDA D. Y. RENSINI
5. FRANGKI M.A. RISAKOTA
6. YUNEITA E. TANANGGOE

ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND ART DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL SCIENCIES

UNIVERSITY OF NUSA CENDANA

2022
 Chapter I
Introduction

A. Definition of Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means
of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological
distinction (which does not exist in every language) between translating (a written text) and
interpreting (oral or signed communication between users of different languages); under
this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a
language community.
A translator always risks inadvertently introducing source-language words, grammar,
or syntax into the target-language rendering. On the other hand, such "spill-overs" have
sometimes imported useful source-language calques and loanwords that have enriched
target languages. Translators, including early translators of sacred texts, have helped shape
the very languages into which they have translated.

B. Lexical
The lexical definition of a term, also known as the dictionary definition, is the
definition closely matching the meaning of the term in common usage. As its other name
implies, this is the sort of definition one is likely to find in the dictionary. A lexical
definition is usually the type expected from a request for definition, and it is generally
expected that such a definition will be stated as simply as possible in order to convey
information to the widest audience.
Note that a lexical definition is descriptive, reporting actual usage within speakers of
a language, and changes with changing usage of the term, rather than prescriptive, which
would be to stick with a version regarded as "correct", regardless of drift in accepted
meaning. They tend to be inclusive, attempting to capture everything the term is used to
refer to, and as such are often too vague for many purposes.
When the breadth or vagueness of a lexical definition is unacceptable, a précising
definition or a stipulative definition is often used.
 Words can be classified as lexical or nonlexical. Lexical words are those that have
independent meaning (such as a Noun (N), verb (V), adjective (A), adverb (Adv), or
preposition (P). The definition which reports the meaning of a word or a phrase as it is
actually used by people is called a lexical definition. Meanings of words given in a
dictionary are lexical definitions. As a word may have more than one meaning, it may also
have more than one lexical definition.

C. Grammatical
Grammatical meaning is the meaning conveyed in a sentence by word order and
other grammatical signals. Also called structural meaning. Linguists distinguish
grammatical meaning from lexical meaning (or denotation)--that is, the dictionary meaning
of an individual word. Walter Hirtle notes that "a word expressing the same idea can fulfill
different syntactic functions. The grammatical difference between the throw in to throw a
ball and that in a good throw has long been attributed to a difference of meaning not of the
lexical type described in dictionaries, but of the more abstract, formal type described in
grammars" (Making Sense out of Meaning, 2013).

D. Cultural Error in Translation

The culture as a perspective is defined in the dictionary language teaching and
applied linguistics (Richardson and all. 1995: 94) as: "[culture] the total set of beliefs,
attitudes, customs, behavior, and social habits etc…, of the members of a particular
society". For many people culture is considered as a gateway to a given society heart, to
have a close insight about its identity. In spite of its crucial role in conveying cultures
through history; demonstrating and introducing cultures of different people, old nations,
ancient civilizations, and even prehistoric events, thoughts, and achievements. A few
writers, translation theorists, and linguists have fully discussed the problems of translating
cultures in the various departments of thought; fewer members have dealt with translating
what is culturally specific either from Arabic into English or vice versa. This may be due to
several reasons. On one hand, it is always difficult to make generalizations […] On the
other hand, interest in translation has been subservient to other ends….
 The problem is that, some languages are loaded with cultural terms and expressions
called (cultural specific). The cultural specific expressions are somehow difficult to
translate, even professional translators find it difficult to deal with them. That is because
the cultural context is too vague, it represents the world view of a society, its beliefs,
emotions and values. Thus it comprises some important factors which help in building up
the information necessary to interpret the message; enable for the translator to translate
easily and effectively. That's why, any term; one word or an expression is said to be
cultural specific when it denotes concrete objects or abstract aspects that may be related to
religious beliefs, social habits, customs and traditions or social situations, moral values, a
type of cloth or a life style, kind of food, economical principle, political ideology…that are
specific to the culture in question. Henceforth, when translating cultures linguistic element
should be related to the cultural context they belong to. For E. Nida (1964: 90) "the person
who is engaged in translating from one language into another ought to be constantly aware
of the contrast in the entire range of culture represented by the two languages". Meaning
that, language is considered as a part of culture and the society's identity.
 Chapter II
Translation Result
A. English- Indonesian
1. Original Text
How to Write a Review Article
By Dobri Atanassov Batovski, Deputi Editor, AU J.T.

The process of academic writing should not be molded from technical clichés
or reduced to a list of tips and tricks in targeting an easy publication. This brief
contribution does not impose some strict rules on the scholarly publications but
rather assists the prospective authors in preparing and improving their review articles
in a way that is deemed beneficial to a wide academic audience. Note that the
adjectives “academic” and “scholarly” used above are synonym and can be used
interchangeably, thus indicating that submitted manuscripts would be a subject of
peer review.
Review articles of good quality are frequently needed in the presence of the
growing number of research papers. A review article is expected to provide a
summary and/or a synthesis of the findings of selected research contributions being
published by other authors. The main purpose of a review article is to examine the
current state of the relevant publications on a given topic and initiate a discussion
about the research methodologies and the findings related to the said topic.
Therefore, a review article should contain a comprehensive list of supporting
references being thoroughly cited in the text.
The structure of a review article may differ from the structure of a regular
paper due to the optional omission of some basic sections such as; Introduction,
Analytic Model, Materials and Methods, Results, or Discussion. Sometimes it is
difficult to classify a paper submission as a review article, a regular paper, or just a
comment after noticing the combined use of an extensive literature review, original
research contributions, and specific comments concerning only a few cited papers.
Then the authors may receive review reports on case by case basic suggesting a
modification of the script or its eventual separation into at least two contributions.
Although there is no strict limitation concerning the review topics, it is preferable
then even narrow focused contributions are being written from a more general
perspective which would only benefit the authors with an eventual increase of the
number of citations to their articles.
It is recommended that the publication type: Review/Overview, Critical
Review, etc…., should appear in both the title and the abstract of the article. A brief
description of some publication types is provide below.
Review (Overview) Articles
Review articles can be loosely classified into two basic types, non-systematic
and systematic ones. Then non-systematic type may include a selection o a wide
range of technical results related to a chosen topic which reflects the professional
experiences and interests of the authors. The quality of such papers depends on the
competency and the sincere efforts of the authors to provide a good review of the
subject matter. The systematic type requires an advanced preparation and relies on a
specific methodology being chosen in advance, where selected foundation studies are
being analyzed in connection to a long-standing problem statement.
Despite the various level of complexity of the technical topics, the review
articles are limited in including analytical and experimental parts from cited papers.
The amount of text should be well balanced with the number of figures so that the
addressed issues are clearly stated in a simple and efficient way. The real challenge
here is in transforming a collection of technical information into a coherent script
which provides an alternative point of view on previously unknown or not well
understood relations among distinct studies. One should seek a proper balance
between the levels of differentiation and integration of different aspect of technical
information as well as between the statistical analysis of experimental data and its
theoretical interpretation, etc. The review articles have to provide forums for further
discussions about the problem statements and not just summarize the peculiarities of
each cited paper but rather transform the presented information into an inspirational
material for future studies.
2. Google-Assisted Translation
Cara Menulis Artikel Review
Oleh Dobri Atanassov Batovski, Deputi Editor, AU J.T.

Proses penulisan akademik tidak boleh dibentuk dari klise teknis atau direduksi
menjadi daftar tip dan trik dalam menargetkan publikasi yang mudah. Kontribusi
singkat ini tidak memaksakan beberapa aturan ketat pada publikasi ilmiah melainkan
membantu calon penulis dalam mempersiapkan dan meningkatkan artikel ulasan
mereka dengan cara yang dianggap bermanfaat bagi khalayak akademis yang luas.
Perhatikan bahwa kata sifat "akademis" dan "ilmiah" yang digunakan di atas adalah
sinonim dan dapat digunakan secara bergantian, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa
manuskrip yang dikirimkan akan menjadi subjek tinjauan sejawat.
Artikel ulasan dengan kualitas yang baik sering dibutuhkan dengan adanya
semakin banyak makalah penelitian. Artikel ulasan diharapkan dapat memberikan
ringkasan dan/atau sintesis dari temuan kontribusi penelitian terpilih yang diterbitkan
oleh penulis lain. Tujuan utama dari artikel ulasan adalah untuk memeriksa keadaan
terkini dari publikasi yang relevan tentang topik tertentu dan memulai diskusi tentang
metodologi penelitian dan temuan yang terkait dengan topik tersebut. Oleh karena
itu, artikel ulasan harus berisi daftar lengkap referensi pendukung yang dikutip secara
menyeluruh dalam teks.
Struktur artikel ulasan mungkin berbeda dari struktur makalah biasa karena
penghilangan opsional beberapa bagian dasar seperti; Pendahuluan, Model Analitik,
Bahan dan Metode, Hasil, atau Pembahasan. Kadang-kadang sulit untuk
mengklasifikasikan penyerahan makalah sebagai artikel ulasan, makalah biasa, atau
hanya komentar setelah memperhatikan penggunaan gabungan dari tinjauan literatur
yang luas, kontribusi penelitian asli, dan komentar khusus mengenai hanya beberapa
makalah yang dikutip. Kemudian penulis dapat menerima laporan tinjauan
berdasarkan kasus per kasus yang menyarankan modifikasi skrip atau pemisahan
akhirnya menjadi setidaknya dua kontribusi. Meskipun tidak ada batasan ketat
mengenai topik ulasan, lebih disukai bahkan kontribusi terfokus yang sempit ditulis
dari perspektif yang lebih umum yang hanya akan menguntungkan penulis dengan
peningkatan jumlah kutipan pada artikel mereka.
Jenis publikasi yang disarankan: Tinjauan/Ikhtisar, Tinjauan Kritis, dll….,
harus muncul di judul dan abstrak artikel. Deskripsi singkat tentang beberapa jenis
publikasi disediakan di bawah ini.
Review (Ikhtisar) Artikel
Artikel ulasan dapat secara longgar diklasifikasikan menjadi dua tipe dasar,
non-sistematis dan sistematis. Kemudian tipe non-sistematis dapat mencakup
pemilihan berbagai hasil teknis yang terkait dengan topik yang dipilih yang
mencerminkan pengalaman profesional dan minat penulis. Kualitas makalah
semacam itu tergantung pada kompetensi dan upaya tulus penulis untuk memberikan
ulasan yang baik tentang materi pelajaran. Jenis sistematis memerlukan persiapan
lanjutan dan bergantung pada metodologi khusus yang dipilih sebelumnya, di mana
studi dasar yang dipilih sedang dianalisis sehubungan dengan pernyataan masalah
yang sudah lama ada.
Terlepas dari berbagai tingkat kerumitan topik teknis, artikel ulasan terbatas
dalam memasukkan bagian analitis dan eksperimental dari makalah yang dikutip.
Jumlah teks harus seimbang dengan jumlah gambar sehingga masalah yang dibahas
jelas dinyatakan dengan cara yang sederhana dan efisien. Tantangan sebenarnya di
sini adalah mengubah kumpulan informasi teknis menjadi skrip yang koheren yang
memberikan sudut pandang alternatif tentang hubungan yang sebelumnya tidak
diketahui atau tidak dipahami dengan baik di antara studi yang berbeda. Seseorang
harus mencari keseimbangan yang tepat antara tingkat diferensiasi dan integrasi
berbagai aspek informasi teknis serta antara analisis statistik data eksperimen dan
interpretasi teoretisnya, dll. Artikel ulasan harus menyediakan forum untuk diskusi
lebih lanjut tentang pernyataan masalah dan tidak hanya meringkas kekhasan
masing-masing makalah yang dikutip melainkan mengubah informasi yang disajikan
menjadi bahan inspirasional untuk studi di masa depan.
3. Revised Translation
Cara Menulis Artikel Review
Oleh Dobri Atanassov Batovski, Deputi Editor, AU J.T.

Proses penulisan akademik tidak boleh dibangun di atas klise teknis atau
direduksi menjadi daftar tip dan trik untuk publikasi sederhana. Teks singkat ini tidak
memaksakan aturan ketat untuk publikasi ilmiah, tetapi lebih membantu calon
penulis mempersiapkan dan meningkatkan artikel ulasan mereka dengan cara yang
akan dianggap berguna oleh khalayak akademis yang luas. Perhatikan bahwa kata
sifat "akademis" dan "ilmiah" yang digunakan di atas adalah sinonim dan dapat
digunakan secara bergantian, yang menunjukkan bahwa naskah yang dikirimkan
akan ditinjau oleh rekan sejawat.
Tinjauan kualitas seringkali diperlukan ketika ada lebih banyak penelitian yang
harus dilakukan. Artikel ulasan diharapkan dapat memberikan ringkasan dan/atau
sintesis dari hasil kontribusi penelitian terpilih oleh penulis lain. Tujuan utama dari
artikel ulasan adalah untuk meninjau keadaan saat ini dari publikasi yang relevan
tentang topik tertentu dan untuk memulai diskusi tentang metodologi penelitian dan
hasil yang terkait dengan topik tersebut. Oleh karena itu, sebuah artikel ulasan harus
mencantumkan daftar lengkap referensi pendukung yang banyak dikutip dalam teks.
Struktur artikel ulasan dapat berbeda dari struktur artikel biasa karena beberapa
elemen dasar tidak dicantumkan secara opsional, seperti: Pendahuluan, model
analisis, bahan dan metode, hasil atau pembahasan. Kadang-kadang sulit untuk
mengklasifikasikan komentar yang dikirimkan dalam makalah sebagai artikel ulasan,
artikel biasa, atau hanya komentar setelah mempertimbangkan penggunaan pencarian
literatur yang luas, artikel penelitian asli, dan komentar khusus hanya dalam
beberapa artikel yang dikutip. Penulis kemudian dapat menerima laporan tinjauan
sejawat berdasarkan kasus per kasus, menyarankan perubahan pada naskah atau
kemungkinan pemisahan menjadi setidaknya dua bagian. Meskipun tidak ada batasan
ketat pada topik ulasan, lebih baik menulis artikel dengan fokus sempit dari
perspektif yang lebih umum, yang menguntungkan penulis hanya dengan
meningkatkan kutipan artikelnya.
 Jenis publikasi yang disarankan: Tinjauan/Ikhtisar, Tinjauan Kritis, dll….,
harus muncul di judul dan abstrak artikel. Deskripsi singkat tentang beberapa jenis
publikasi disediakan di bawah ini.
Ulasan (Tinjauan) Artikel
Artikel ulasan secara kasar dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua tipe dasar, non-
sistematis dan sistematis. Kemudian tipe non-sistematis dapat terdiri dari pemilihan
sekumpulan hasil teknis yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dipilih dan mencerminkan
pengalaman dan minat profesional penulis. Kualitas karya tersebut bergantung pada
kompetensi penulis dan upaya tulusnya untuk memberikan penilaian positif terhadap
subjek tersebut. Tipe sistematis memerlukan persiapan jangka panjang dan
bergantung pada metodologi khusus yang dipilih sebelumnya di mana studi dasar
terpilih dianalisis dalam kaitannya dengan pemahaman jangka panjang tentang
masalah tersebut.
Terlepas dari kerumitan variabel subjek teknis, artikel ulasan hanya berisi
beberapa bagian analitis dan eksperimental dari karya yang dikutip. Jumlah teks
harus seimbang dengan jumlah gambar, sehingga topik yang akan dibahas
diungkapkan secara jelas, sederhana dan efektif. Tantangan sebenarnya di sini adalah
untuk mengubah kumpulan data teknis menjadi manuskrip yang koheren yang
menawarkan perspektif alternatif tentang hubungan yang sebelumnya tidak diketahui
atau kurang dipahami antara studi yang berbeda. Keseimbangan yang tepat harus
ditemukan antara tingkat pemisahan dan tingkat integrasi berbagai aspek
pengetahuan teknis dan analisis statistik data eksperimen dan interpretasi teoretisnya,
dll. Artikel ulasan harus menyediakan forum untuk diskusi lebih lanjut tentang
masalah ini, dan tidak hanya meringkas secara spesifik setiap artikel yang dikutip,
tetapi mengubah informasi yang disajikan menjadi bahan inspirasi untuk penelitian di
masa mendatang.
B. Indonesian – English
1. Original Text
Dampak Buruk Junk Food untuk Kesehatan Tubuh

Junk Food disebut makanan instan atau makanan cepat saji yang kini telah
berkembang pesat di persaingan perusahaan makanan di Indonesia. Makanan cepat
saji dinilai sebagian orang lebih efektif terhadap waktu dan mudah ditemukan. Tak
hanya itu saja, makanan cepat saji memiliki cita rasa yang lezat, ditambah lagi
harganya yang terjangkau.
Makanan cepat saji sudah lama mengundang kontroversi di negara kita karena
terungkapnya beberapa dampak buruk yang dimiliki. Dampak buruk itu disebabkan
oleh kandungan zat-zat berbahaya di dalam makanan instan, seperti lilin yang ada
pada mie instan. Tak berhenti di situ, nyatanya di dalam makanan cepat saji
terkandung bahan pengawet dan penyedap yang kini disebut micin.
Fenomena kata "micin" kini mendadak kerap digunakan para remaja hingga
dewasa bila seseorang mengalami hal-hal yang kurang normal. Maksud dari hal
kurang normal itu seperti seseorang yang telat berpikir, lama menjawab bila diajak
bicara, dan lain sebagainya. Tak bisa dimungkiri, makanan cepat saji memang
mengandung zat berbahaya seperti yang telah diungkapkan di atas.
Sejumlah penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa keseringan mengonsumsi
makanan cepat saji saja memang tidak berdampak secara langsung ke tubuh. Namun,
makanan-makanan cepat saji yang dikonsumsi akan tertimbun di dalam tubuh yang
kemudian menjadi penyebab penyakit mematikan seperti kanker. Tak hanya kanker,
penyakit berbahaya juga mengintai, misalnya stroke, usus buntu, dan penyakit ginjal.
Maka bila Anda termasuk ke dalam orang yang hobi mengkonsumsi makanan
cepat saja, kurangilah hal itu dan mulai sayangi tubuh serta diri Anda sendiri. Perlu
diketahui bahwa satu di antara kandungan di dalam makanan instan yaitu lilin sulit
dicerna tubuh. Lilin itu menghancurkan prinsip kerja sistem pencernaan tubuh
sehingga makanan yang mengandung lilin akan dicerna dengan waktu minimal dua
hari.
2. Google-Assisted Translation
The Bad Impact of Junk Food on Body Health

Junk Food is called instant food or fast food which has now developed rapidly
in the competition of food companies in Indonesia. Fast food is considered by some
to be more time-effective and easy to find. Not only that, fast food has a delicious
taste, plus the price is affordable.
Fast food has long been controversial in our country because of the exposure of
some of the bad effects it has. The bad impact is caused by the content of harmful
substances in instant food, such as the wax in instant noodles. It doesn't stop there, in
fact fast food contains preservatives and flavoring agents which are now called
micin.
The phenomenon of the word "micin" is now suddenly often used by teenagers
to adults when someone experiences things that are not normal. The meaning of
things that are not normal is like someone who is late in thinking, takes a long time to
answer when spoken to, and so on. It cannot be denied, fast food does contain
harmful substances as stated above.
Several studies have proven that the frequency of consuming fast food alone
does not have a direct impact on the body. However, fast food consumed will
accumulate in the body which then becomes the cause of deadly diseases such as
cancer. Not only cancer, dangerous diseases also lurk, such as stroke, appendicitis,
and kidney disease.
So if you are one of those people who only eat fast food, reduce it and start
loving your body and yourself. It should be noted that one of the ingredients in
instant food, namely wax, is difficult for the body to digest. The wax destroys the
working principle of the body's digestive system so that food containing wax will be
digested in at least two days.

3. Revised Translation
The Negative Effects of Junk Food on Health
 In the current Indonesian food industry rivalry, junk food is also known as
instant food or fast food. Some people believe that fast food is more convenient and
time-effective. Additionally, quick food tastes great and is reasonably priced.
As a result of the disclosure of some of its negative impacts, fast food has long
been a source of debate in our nation. The negative effects are brought on by the
presence of dangerous ingredients in quick meals, such as the wax in instant noodles.
Fast food restaurants also use flavorings and preservatives known as "micin."
When someone encounters anything out of the ordinary, the phrase "micin" is
suddenly frequently used by teens and adults. The connotation of things that are
abnormal is similar to that of someone who thinks slowly, speaks slowly back when
spoken to, and so on. It is undeniable that, as was said before, fast food does include
dangerous ingredients.
Numerous studies have shown that eating fast food sometimes does not directly
affect the body. However, eating fast food causes an accumulation of waste products
in the body, which leads to fatal conditions like cancer. Dangerous illnesses,
including stroke, appendicitis, and renal disease, are also possible in addition to
cancer.
So if you are one of those people who only eats fast food, reduce it and start
loving your body and yourself. It should be noted that one of the ingredients in
instant food, namely wax, is difficult for the body to digest. The wax destroys the
working principle of the body's digestive system, so food containing wax will be
digested in at least two days.
 Chapter III
Findings and Discussion
A. English – Indonesian
1. Lexical Errors
The following lexical mistakes were made during translating from English to
Indonesian:
 Proses penulisan akademik tidak boleh dibentuk dari klise teknis atau
direduksi menjadi daftar tip dan trik dalam menargetkan publikasi yang
mudah.

Changed to:
Proses penulisan akademik tidak boleh dibangun di atas klise teknis
atau direduksi menjadi daftar tip dan trik untuk publikasi sederhana.

 Perhatikan bahwa kata sifat "akademis" dan "ilmiah" yang digunakan di atas
adalah sinonim dan dapat digunakan secara bergantian, sehingga menunjukkan
bahwa manuskrip yang dikirimkan akan menjadi subjek tinjauan sejawat.

Changed to:
Perhatikan bahwa kata sifat "akademis" dan "ilmiah" yang digunakan di
atas adalah sinonim dan dapat digunakan secara bergantian, yang menunjukkan
bahwa naskah yang dikirimkan akan ditinjau oleh rekan sejawat.

 Oleh karena itu, artikel ulasan harus berisi daftar lengkap referensi pendukung
yang dikutip secara menyeluruh dalam teks.
Changed to:
Oleh karena itu, sebuah artikel ulasan harus mencantumkan daftar
lengkap referensi pendukung yang banyak dikutip dalam teks.

 Review (Ikhtisar) Artikel

Changed to:
 Ulasan (Tinjauan) Artikel
 Artikel ulasan dapat secara longgar diklasifikasikan menjadi dua tipe dasar,
non-sistematis dan sistematis.

Changed to:
Artikel ulasan secara kasar dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua tipe dasar,
non-sistematis dan sistematis.

2. Grammatical Errors
 (Junk Food disebut makanan instan atau makanan cepat saji yang kini telah
berkembang pesat di persaingan perusahaan makanan di Indonesia.)

Junk Food is called instant food or fast food which has now developed rapidly in
the competition of food companies in Indonesia.

Must Be

Junk Food is called instant food or fast food, which has nowgrown rapidly in the
competition of food companies in Indonesia.

 (Makanan cepat saji dinilai sebagian orang lebih efektif terhadap waktu dan
mudah ditemukan.)

Fast food is considered by some to be more time-effective and easy to find. Not
only that, fast food has a delicious taste, plus the price is affordable.

Must be

Fast food is seen by some to be quicker and easier to find. Not only that, fast food
has a delightful taste, the more affordable the price.

 Tak hanya itu saja, makanan cepat saji memiliki cita rasa yang lezat, ditambah
lagi harganya yang terjangkau

Fast food has long been controversial in our country because of the exposure of
some of the bad effects it has

Must be

Fast food has long been controversial in this country as a result of exposure to
some of the harmful effects it has.
 Dampak buruk di sebabkan oleh zat- zat berbahaya dalam makanan instan seperti
lilin yang ada pada mie instan.

The bad impact is caused by the content of harmful substances in instant food,
such as the wax in instant noodles.

Must be

The bad impact is caused by the presence of harmful substances in instant foods,
like wax in instant noodles.

 Tak berhenti di situ, nyatanya di dalam makanan cepat saji terkandung bahan
pengawet dan penyedap yang kini disebut micin

It doesn't stop there, in fact fast food contains preservatives and flavoring agents
which are now called micin.

Must be

It does not stop there, in fact fast food contains preservatives and flavouring
agents that are now referred to as micin.

 Fenomena kata "micin" kini mendadak kerap digunakan para remaja hingga
dewasa bila seseorang mengalami hal-hal yang kurang normal.

The phenomenon of the word "micin" is now suddenly often used by teenagers to
adults when someone experiences things that are not normal.
Must be

The phenomenon of the word "micin" is now suddenly often used by adolescents
for adults when someone experiences something that is not normal.

 Maksud dari hal kurang normal itu seperti seseorang yang telat berpikir, lama
menjawab bila diajak bicara, dan lain sebagainya.

The meaning of things that are not normal is like someone who is late in thinking,
takes a long time to answer when spoken to, and so on.
Must be

The sense of things that are not normal is like someone who is behind in his
thoughts, takes a lot of time to respond when talking to him, and so on.
 Tak bisa dimungkiri, makanan cepat saji memang mengandung zat berbahaya
seperti yang telah diungkapkan di atas.

It cannot be denied, fast food does contain harmful substances as stated above.

Must be

It cannot be denied, fast restore does not contain harmful substances as indicated
above.

 Sejumlah penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa keseringan mengonsumsi

makanan cepat saji saja memang tidak berdampak secara langsung ke tubuh.

Several studies have proven that the frequency of consuming fast food alone does
not have a direct impact on the body

Must be

Several studies have shown that the frequency of consumption of fast food alone
does not directly affect the body.

 Namun, makanan-makanan cepat saji yang dikonsumsi akan tertimbun di dalam

tubuh yang kemudian menjadi penyebab penyakit mematikan seperti kanker.

However, eating fast food causes an accumulation of waste products in the body,
which leads to fatal conditions like cancer.

Must be

However, the consumption of fast food will accumulate in the body that then
becomes the cause of fatal diseases such as cancer.

 Tak hanya kanker, penyakit berbahaya juga mengintai, misalnya stroke, usus
buntu, dan penyakit ginjal.

Dangerous illnesses, including stroke, appendicitis, and renal disease, are also
possible in addition to cancer (correct)

 Maka bila Anda termasuk ke dalam orang yang hobi mengkonsumsi makanan
cepat saja, kurangilah hal itu dan mulai sayangi tubuh serta diri Anda sendiri.
 Perlu diketahui bahwa satu di antara kandungan di dalam makanan instan yaitu
lilin sulit dicerna tubuh. Lilin itu menghancurkan prinsip kerja sistem pencernaan
tubuh sehingga makanan yang mengandung lilin akan dicerna dengan waktu
minimal dua hari.

So if you are one of those people who only eats fast food, reduce it and
start loving your body and yourself. It should be noted that one of the ingredients
in instant food, namely wax, is difficult for the body to digest. The wax destroys
the working principle of the body's digestive system, so food containing wax will
be digested in at least two days.

Must be

So if you are one of those people that eat only fast food, reduce it and
begin to love your body and yourself. It should be noted that one of the
ingredients in instant foods, known as wax, is difficult for the body to digest.
Wax destroys the principle of functioning of the digestive system of the body so
that food containing wax will be digested in at least two days.

3. Cultural Errors
The following are the cultural errors found:
 “The process of academic writing should not be molded from technical clichés
or reduced to a list of tips and tricks in targeting an easy publication.”

In Indonesian :
Proses penulisan akademik tidak boleh dibangun di atas klise teknis atau
direduksi menjadi daftar tip dan trik untuk publikasi sederhana.

The terms "tips" and "tricks" in the phrases above become "tip" and
"trick" when translated into Indonesian. This demonstrates that the two terms
were adopted from English into Indonesian, as both the spelling and the sound
are the same when translated.
B. Indonesian – English
1. Lexical Errors
Lexical errors refer to errors in the form and/or meaning of words (lexical) in
the target language. In this regard, "formal lexical errors" refer to word choice errors
related to the influence of the mother tongue. Here are the lexical errors we found:

 “The phenomenon of the word "micin" is now suddenly often used by

teenagers to adults when someone experiences things that are not normal.”

This sentence is changed to:

“When someone encounters anything out of the ordinary, the phrase
"micin" is suddenly frequently used by teens and adults.”

 “It cannot be denied, fast food does contain harmful substances as stated
above.”

Changed to:
“It is undeniable that, as was said before, fast food does include
dangerous ingredients.”

 “However, fast food consumed will accumulate in the body which then
becomes the cause of deadly diseases such as cancer. Not only cancer,
dangerous diseases also lurk, such as stroke, appendicitis, and kidney disease.”

Changed to:
“However, eating fast food causes an accumulation of waste products in
the body, which leads to fatal conditions like cancer. Dangerous illnesses,
including stroke, appendicitis, and renal disease, are also possible in addition
to cancer.”

2. Grammatical Errors
 Grammatical errors are the use of language that is not in accordance with the
standard rules, either orally or in writing. Grammatical errors are common in
scientific writing, including research journals. Here are the grammatical errors we
found:
“Junk Food is called instant food or fast food which has now developed
rapidly in the competition of food companies in Indonesia. Fast food is
considered by some to be more time-effective and easy to find. Not only that,
fast food has a delicious taste, plus the price is affordable.
Fast food has long been controversial in our country because of the
exposure of some of the bad effects it has. The bad impact is caused by the
content of harmful substances in instant food, such as the wax in instant
noodles. It doesn't stop there, in fact fast food contains preservatives and
flavoring agents which are now called micin.”

The sentence above can be replaced with:

“In the current Indonesian food industry rivalry, junk food is also known
as instant food or fast food. Some people believe that fast food is more
convenient and time-effective. Additionally, quick food tastes great and is
reasonably priced.
As a result of the disclosure of some of its negative impacts, fast food has
long been a source of debate in our nation. The negative effects are brought on
by the presence of dangerous ingredients in quick meals, such as the wax in
instant noodles. Fast food restaurants also use flavorings and preservatives
known as "micin."

3. Cultural Errors
In translating sentences from Indonesian into English, there are several
Indonesian words that, when translated into English, are difficult to get the meaning
of or even have no meaning. The following is an example of a cultural error in the
text "The Negative Effects of Junk Food on Health":
 “The negative effects are brought on by the presence of dangerous
ingredients in quick meals, such as the wax in instant noodles. Fast food
restaurants also use flavorings and preservatives known as "micin."

In the sentence above, the word "micin" does not change when translated into
English. As we know, micin, scientifically called monosodium glutamate (MSG), is
recognized as a type of taste among other tastes, namely sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.
This type of flavor arises from glutamate and is known as umami flavor.
 Chapter IV
Conclusion

When translating a document, translators occasionally make errors. One error is that the
translation is done too strictly. It is true that translation is a difficult process that calls for
specialized knowledge, education, and training to generate high-quality translations.
The translation process can lead to mistakes in a variety of contexts and methods.
Translation can be done orally or in writing, and it can be done by humans, machines (such as
Google Translate), or a combination of both (for example, combining machine translation with
human editing). A word-by-word translation could be simple to complete. However, mistakes
frequently happen when it is part of a lengthy and complex statement.
The availability of Google Translate does make it easier for translators to translate words
or sentences. However, despite every translation being done, there are still a lot of errors that
might prevent the genuine meaning of a word or sentence from being correctly communicated or
understood. Therefore, it's a good idea for us to re-evaluate the text after using Google Translate
to ensure that it still conveys the sense we intended. When translating a sentence into the
language (target language) we want to convey, it is essential to keep in mind the need for
understanding good vocabulary and structuring good, correct sentences.