DOMAIN 2

LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

The second Domain recognizes the importance of demonstrating teachers’

knowledge on existing policies, guidelines and procedures to provide a safe and
secure learning environment. This is to highlight their role to nurture learners by
creating an environment that facilitates effective learning while effectively
managing learners’ behavior in a physical or virtual space.
In this chapter, pre-service teachers are expected to develop the following
competencies in the PPST Domain 2:
1. Demonstrate knowledge of policies, guidelines and procedures that
provide safe and secure learning environments.
2. Demonstrate understanding of learning environments that promote
fairness, respect and care to encourage learning.
3. Demonstrate knowledge of managing classroom structure that engages
learners, individually or in groups, in meaningful exploration, discovery
and hands-on activities within the available physical learning
environments.
4. Demonstrate understanding of supportive learning environments that
nurture and inspire learner participation.
5. Demonstrate knowledge of learning environments that motivate learners
to work productively by assuming responsibility for their own learning.
6. Demonstrate knowledge of positive and non-violent discipline in the
management of learner behavior.
 LESSON 1
THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

As the theorists of behaviorism posit, the environment affects learning. Therefore, as

teachers to be, it is significant to be familiar on how to effectively set-up an environment
that will promote effective learning among students. More importantly, children’s safety in
school is tantamount to the promote effective learning. Hence, pre-service teachers should
be familiar of the existing policies and procedures to ensure that student safety is being
upheld in their schools and classrooms.
Specifically, this domain envisions the beginning teachers to:
1. Identify the characteristics of a safe and secure learning environment based on
the existing policies, guidelines and procedures provided by DepEd.
2. Evaluate the existing learning environment based on the existing policies,
guidelines and procedures
3. Promote the importance of ensuring safety and security of the learners.

COMPETENCY INDICATOR

At the end of the session, the practice teachers (PTs) will be able to:
● Demonstrate knowledge of policies, guidelines and procedures that
provide safe and secure learning environments.
● Demonstrate understanding of learning environments that promote
fairness, respect and care to encourage learning.
 OBSERVATION FOR CLARIFICATION

LEARNING SPACE AT HOME

Identify one student in mathematics near your place and ask consent for interview. You may
set an appointment with the student and the parent on his/her learning space. Post a
picture of the student’s learning space below.

As you interview and observe the picture of the learning space, answer the following:

Check the columns on the right to indicate the presence or Present Absent
absence of the following in the child’s learning space at home:

● Permanent learning space /

● Adequate lighting /

● Adequate ventilation /

● Sturdy table /

● Sturdy chair that is fit to the learner’s height /

● Sufficient space that allows movements /

● Safe electrical connections /

● Safely functioning gadgets /

● Free from noise and other distractions /

● Adult support/presence /
 FACE-TO-FACE CLASSROOM
Identify an in-service teacher in your community that you can interview. Ask for pictures of
their classrooms and then paste them in the space provided below.

As you interview and observe the picture of the learning space, answer the following:

Check the columns on the right to indicate the presence or Present Absent
absence of the following in a real classroom:

● Seats that are fit for the learner’s heights /

● Enough distance in between rows of chairs /

● Adequate sturdy shelves that are reachable by students /

● Fittings like doorknobs, switches, outlets and the like are /

safely installed and within reach of children

● Available functioning instructional devices such as visual /

aids, audio- visual aids, and other devices, that can promote
learning

● Properly framed and safely installed chalkboard or /

whiteboard with ledge

● Contains the standard facilities like handwashing corner, /

drinking jar, trash can, storage cabinet, chart stand, first aid
kit, etc

● Enough classroom space that allows flexibility of seating /

arrangement

● Grilled windows with emergency exits /

● Two swing-out doors at the opposite sides of the classroom /

Check the columns on the right to indicate the presence or Present Absent
absence of the following in a real classroom:

Smooth finished walls /

Curtains that are away from wall-mounted electric fans /

Unobstructed doors and exit windows /

Visible fire extinguisher/s in the area /

Covered wirings and other electrical fixtures /

GUIDE QUESTION::
How are students’ safety promoted in the two kinds of classrooms that you have
observed?
The capacity of classroom today is seemingly different from the vlassroom before the
pandemic started. Before, crowded seats or students inside the classroom does not make
any big deal unlike today that there is really a wide spaces each seat to one another. From
the room that I had observed, the ventilation is good and there is really a comfortable
individual ;earning space given to each student. Also, I can see that before entering in the
classroom today, there is checking of this body temperature, anyone who is sich is not
allowed to go join the class, everyone wears a mask, everyone getting seriously mindful
about sanitizing, and the like.

GUIDE QUESTION::
What are the challenges have you identified?
COVID 19 is the major challenge of how can we make education inclusive without
compromising the safety of our teachhers and students. This pandemic really made
challenges for the educational sectors, this includes classrooms set ups, facilities, and
teaching-learning strategies. And from my observation on the face-to-face classroom
today, I have seen the separation of learners from one another inside the classroom, and
so how a teacher should promote the 4Cs of 21st century skills primarily collaboration is
one of the challenges. Another is that how the teachers inside the school can make sure
of the safety of students from time to time.

GUIDE QUESTION::
What strategies can you suggest?
As of this time, I do not have any idea about teaching-learning strategies to be used for
the main concern I have mentioned earlier. However, there is this in my mind, if
collaboration is a challenge due to physical contacts of students to another. Then we can
do it online by allowing the students making use of their gadgets inside the classrooms.
And for the monitoring of the students from time to time, there must be a strong
commitment of every teacher that they check the students activities inside the school,
and strictly follow the safety measures and protocols.
 REALIZATIONS THROUGH
REFLECTIONS

DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
Visit the link below to read the policies, guidelines and procedures for school safety as
prescribed in the different orders issued by the DepEd.
1. Chapter 4 of Educational Facilities Manual (2010)
2. DO. 27 s. 2015 Promoting family earthquake preparedness
3. DO. no.72 s. 2012 Continuing fire safety and awareness program
4. DO. 37 s. 2015 The comprehensive disaster risk education and management in
education framework
Based on the representation that you made and using the spaces below, create a list of the
items observed and practiced items that are unobserved or neglected as stipulated in the
DepEd Orders.

Observed/practiced DepEd safety and Unobserved/neglected DepED safety and

security policies and guidelines security policies and guidelines

1. School Disaster Management 1. Safe learning Facilities

2. Risk Reduction and Resilience Education 2. Requiring the students with the family
earthquake preparedness homework

3. Non organization of fire brigades and lack 3. Processing the responses of students to
of preparedness for fire emergencies the family earthquake preparedness
questionnaire

4. Purchase of fire fighting equipment or fire 4. Conduct of seminars and/or orientations

extinguisher with ISO 9001-2008 series as on fire drills, traiinings on fire prevention and
certified civilian response in fire emergencies, first aid,
and related topics.

5. School furnitures such as seats, tables, 5. Conduct of building/structural integrity

shelves, and cabinets assessment

6. Agricultural arts facilities 6. Intgeration of fire safety and prevention

topics in different subjects

7. Instructional Tools and devices 7. Activation/ Organization of the school

brigade

8. Sanitary Facilities 8. Health equipment

9. Playground facilities 9. First aid kit

10. Water system 10. School’s emergency responding team

 Share it with the class and counter check your work with others. Come up with a list of the
provisions that are most commonly observed/practices and another list of those that are
generally neglected or violated.

Observed/practiced DepEd safety and Unobserved/neglected DepED safety and

security policies and guidelines security policies and guidelines

1. Sanitizing Facilities 1. Requiring the students with the family

earthquake preparedness homework

2. School furnitures such as seats, tables, 2. Fire emergency preparedness

shelves, and cabinets

3. Instructional tools and devices 3. First aid kit

(TV,Whiteboard, Greenboard, etc…)

4. School Disaster Management 4. Emergency responding team

5. Playground areas 5. School library

6. Water system and wastewater disposal 6. Conduct of building/structural integrity

system assessment

7. Purchase of fire fighting equipment or fire

extinguisher with ISO 9001-2008 series as
certified

Share it with the class and counter check your work with others.

GUIDE QUESTION::
How faithful are the schools in implementing the School Safety Policies?
I have seen the undying collaboration of teachers, parents, stakeholders, and community
leaders showing that they are seriously committed in promoting safe face-to-face classes.
Some of the evidences are the conduct of quarterly general assembly meeting discussing
the different concerns of the teachers and learners in the modular learning, on how they
planned for the possible limited face-to-face classes, and on the facilities being added to
each classroom. Really a bunch of effort and it is costly, however they are of big hopes
that physical synchronous classes will be possible. As the teachers are concerned about
the low performance of students in modular/ distance learning.
 CONFIRMATION OF PASSION

● With a partner, make a table of those neglected provisions and suggest doable
activities to ensure safety and security.
● Make another chart of the observed safety and security practices and suggest ways to
improve them.

GUIDE QUESTION::
What measures can be done to ensure safety and security?
The school should be seriously committed on the implementation of different
memorandum downed by the Department of Education. In line with this, the teachers,
students, parents, stakeholders, and barangay officers should be coordinated to the
programs and implementation of these activities promoting safety, security,
prepearedness, and conduciveness of the teaching-learning space.

Neglected safety and security DepEd Suggested doable safety and security
policies and guidelines measures/activities

1. Insufficient number of fire-fighting 1. Allocating funds for purchasing

equipment fire-fighting equipment

2. Requiring the students with the family 2. Teacher should encourage and strictly
earthquake preparedness homework require the students to answer the family
earthquake preparedness homework and
discuss it to the class.

3. Conduct of seminars and/or orientations on 3.Coordinate with the barangay and to the
fire drills, traiinings on fire prevention and office of BFP to conduct a seminar on fire
civilian response in fire emergencies, first aid, preparedness.
and related topics.

4. First aid materials and emergency 4. Allocating funds for purchasing first aid
equipment materials and emergency equipment.

5. School library 5. Having each classroom bookshelves.

6. Conduct of building/structural integrity 6. There should be person in-charge to do

assessment structure inspection of existing buildings and
facilities and report it to the management.
 Observed safety and Suggested actions for improvement
security practices in school

1. Sanitizing Facilities 1. Teachers and students must use these

facilities accordingly from time to time.

2. School furnitures such as seats, tables, 2. Provide seats for left-handed people.
shelves, and cabinets

3. Instructional tools and devices 3. Teachers should have adequate knowledge

(TV,Whiteboard, Greenboard, etc…) and training on how to maximize the use of
these instructional devices inside the
classroom.

4. School Disaster Management 4. Teachers should integrate disaster

awareness and preparedness on their lessons
if possible.

5. Playground areas 5. Widen the playground areas and add more

sports materials and equipment

HABITUATE TO PERPETUATE

CREATION OF A VIRTUAL CLASSROOM

In groups of three or four, create a virtual classroom using Augmented Reality apps such as
Roblox. Post a link of your work in the space provided below.

GUIDE QUESTION::
How will you ensure safety and security in your own classrooms?

With the use of virtual classroom, radiation is one of the concerns. And so, in order to secure
the safety of the students and avoid much exposure to radiation, we need to limit the time
they are spending on the virtual classroom, there should be a consent of the parents or
guardians before implementing such virtual classroom, and last if the students who are
going to use this classroom are kids or ages 12 below, there must be a parent or guardian
watching them.

For the virtual classroom, you may open this link

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1G7KnaQLpFqTqOCHSYiJGmPiE9EbN6j2D?usp=sharin
g
 LESSON 2
MANAGEMENT OF CLASSROOM AND LEARNER BEHAVIOR

Classroom management is used to describe classroom order. Teachers may have different
functions, yet one of the most important roles is to manage the class effectively. One
important reason is that effective teaching and learning cannot take place in a poorly
managed classroom. While the struggle of handling classroom management is shared by
both newly hired teachers and those who are considered more experienced, newly hired
teachers identify student discipline as their most challenging problem. Armed with
appropriate teaching strategies and an effective discipline plan, you will soon find classroom
management one of the least worries in teaching.
Specifically, the following are the objectives in this lesson:
1. Analyze the practices of effective school teachers and the role of the personal
philosophy of the teacher in developing a classroom management plan.
2. Implement classroom/behavior management techniques

COMPETENCY INDICATOR

At the end of the session, the practice teachers (PTs) will be able to:
● Demonstrate knowledge of managing classroom structure that
engages learners, individually or in groups, in meaningful exploration,
discovery and hands-on activities within the available physical
learning environments
● Demonstrate understanding of supportive learning environments that
nurture and inspire learner participation.
● Demonstrate knowledge of learning environments that motivate
learners to work productively by assuming responsibility for their own
learning.
● Demonstrate knowledge of positive and non-violent discipline in the
management of learner behavior.
 TRIGGER THE DESIRE FOR
TEACHING & LEARNING

MIND MAP ON CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT

Directions:
1. In groups of 2 or 3, work together and create a mind map that describe your idea of
classroom management.

GUIDE QUESTION::
How will you describe an effective learning environment?
It is an environment wherein students acquired the necessary skills, appropriate and
meaningful learnings, and promotes the maximal development of every student without
compromising their safety both from inside and outside threats. It is where the students
achieve and realize their potentials, where they see their belonging, where the teachers use
different strategies in order to cater the differences and needs of every student, and there is a
safe and positive atmosphere.

GUIDE QUESTION::
Share your personal experiences from your school days about classes in which your learning space
design was used effectively and classes where this design just did not work. Identify some reasons
why that is so.
It is when the teacher assigned us to work on a group. There is no problem on the space provided
in each group as the classroom has enough capacity to hold such number of students and for
group activities. The noise is evident. And so, when there is a group activity that requires
rehearsing, putting all groups inside the classroom is a problem as the students cannot focus
totally due to the noise that other groups are also making.
 TRIGGER THE DESIRE FOR
TEACHING & LEARNING

VIDEO ANALYSIS
Directions:
1. Watch the video on YouTube using the link below and answer the guide questions
that follow:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNcQjnpmFns

GUIDE QUESTION::
What is the video all about?
The video talks on classroom environment, on what makes a good classroom
environment, what are the challenges to building positive classroom environment, the
key elements, and what can we do to deal with the challenges we can encounter upon
making classroom environment conducive, safe, and meaningful for every student and
teacher as well. Furthermore, the speaker said that if every teaching-learning space is
characterized by positive classroom environment, there is a significance to the academic
achievement and efficacy of the students. But how can we achieve this? There he
mentioned that teachers should have self-reflections and taking into consideration the
students’ reality, looking further on how and what they feel about the teaching strategies
and learning contents and materials. In addition, sense of belonging, sharing of basic
positive values, fueling needed by others, equity, and value in action is a must consider
when a teacher aimed to build a positive classroom environment.

GUIDE QUESTION::
What ideas have you learned about maintaining a positive classroom environment?
What we aim to achieve is the learning and development of every learner in our hands.
We want to focus on the needs of our students. And so, how can we be able to make
these all happen? One I think is that, as a teacher we need also to think critically of what
promotes a positive classroom environment, and be creative upon designing our
instruction and instructional materials. With that being said, we need as a teacher also to
learn from our students and taking this as an integral part upon designing our classroom,
the materials, and our strategies.

GUIDE QUESTION::
How do you think the ideas if the speaker apply in the Philippines?
The concept of promoting a positive classroom environment is still there. However, I see
difference about the common struggle or challenge for every student in the Philippines.
There where the speaker is teaching, a student voice out about the activity or class done
every Friday as they are not much interested about it. In the Philippines, I think one
struggle of the students is that the availability of learning resources and limited access to
interactive instructional facilities.
 OBSERVATION FOR CLARIFICATION

VIRTUAL CLASSROOM OBSERVATIONS

Observation assignments are designed to help you have a more productive learning
experience. Your supervisors will facilitate a classroom observation either of the following
scenarios:
1. Videotaped classroom demonstration
2. Actual online synchronous instruction
Take down notes from the beginning to the end of the lesson. Based on these notes, answer
directly the given questions on the important aspects of the lesson.

A. MATERIALS/CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
1. Draw a map of the learning environment.

1.1 How is it (or is it not) conducive to learning?

It is conducive in terms of that I observed the participation of students in the class,
and the teacher use strategies like good set of questions aim to understand how the
students perceive the lesson. However, two or three students only are actively
responding whenever the teacher is asking questions related to the lesson.
1.2. How would you describe the room? How many students? Teachers? Others?
Aside from us (26 observers and 1 supervising instructor), the virtual synchronous class
is attended by estimated 30 students and of course one professor. The set up of the
class is good, and the teacher delivered the lesson very clear with legible visual aids.
 2. Materials Instruction
2.1. What materials were used? Why?
Google Meet, Microsoft word, and whiteboard and marker are the things being used by
the teacher during the synchronous class. I think he used the Google Meet as we all know that
there are still students who are using data promos only to attend the synchronous class and this
consumes data lesser than on other online meeting apps/sites. On the use of MS word, he used it
for the presentation of the lesson. And for the whiteboard and marker, he used it when solving
the problems to make the process at arriving correct answer to each item more clearer for the
students.
2.2. Were the materials adequate and appropriate? Why or why not?
They are already enough in terms of presenting the concepts and to show the process on
how to arrive at the correct answer. As this was not limit the students to grasp wholly the ideas
and procedures.
2.3. How effective do the materials seem to be? What evidence do you have?
The materials are effective since the students can respond every time the teacher is
asking questions.
2. Classroom Management
3.1. What are the routine activities?
The class started with greetings followed by a little review on what has been discussed on
the last session before proceeding to the meat of the session, the discussion of concepts and
problem solving, and it ended up with an agreement or reminding the students to prepare for a
quiz.
3.2. How many interruptions were there during the class period? For what? By whom?
I think that there is no interruption occurred during the synchronous session in which I
think because of the teacher taught in a clear and appropriate manner.
3.3. How did the teacher manage classroom procedures (i.e. management of
instructional groups, transitions, and materials and supplies etc.)
It is well manage, and the way sir Marquez assigned a student to admit every student
when joining the Google Meet is a good move for me as it will not require him to check
whose to admit and will maximize his time upon teaching the lesson. The learning
materials is good and legible on the end of the students.
3.4. How did the teacher maintain discipline/manage student behavior? (e.g.
expectations are being implemented)
The teacher already established a routine where the students behavior when entering the
synchronous is accordingly to what is expected. And by that, there is no disruptive
students’ misbehaviors occurred during the class.
3.5. What classroom management problems were evident?
The classroom management employed by the teacher is okay. However, there is this only
one I think problem that is evident all throughout the session, only a few of the students
are active and participating when the teacher is asking questions.
3.6. How does the teacher deal with the management problems?
The problem I think that occurred is not that disruptive, and so I did not see any action
that the teacher employed during the session to handle this problem I have observed.
3.7. Are all students treated equally? Is sexist or racist language used?
The students are treated equally. It can be seen when the teacher is asking questions, he
is encouraging everyone to respond on it. And I have seen from the learning materials or
teacher’s instruction that promotes some form of bullying or discrination from a specific
group.
 GUIDE QUESTION::
What best practices did you gather from your classroom observations?
The mastery of the lessons, the way he explained the concepts and solutions, and the art
of questioning are some of the good things I had observed from the teacher. Also,
assigning a student to admit his/her fellow students when entering the session is good as
this will not interrupt the teacher when he is already teaching. And last is that the use of
the whiteboard and marker as if it is face-to-face class.

GUIDE QUESTION::
In terms of your style of classroom management, what did you find out about yourself
today?
Mathematics is one of the subjects most students perceive as difficult. And so, as a
teacher I found out today to be first has depth knowledge about the lesson, like when
confusions rise among students, I can handle it smoothly. And another is that give some
kind of reinforcement that leads the students to attempt to share their ideas and solve
the given problems.

GUIDE QUESTION::
What did you commit to change about your classroom’s physical space to better
represent about teaching and learning?
The classroom should have available quality reading materials that contains and can give
the students something meaningful lessons and insights. And students are allowed to
read those when they have free time. Another is that, I want to include in my classroom if
ever a small wall of positivity that the students can express motivational lines, their goals
in life, how thy are feeling in a day, and polite comments and suggestions to better
improve the teaching instruction.

EVIDENCE
 REALIZATIONS THROUGH
REFLECTIONS

Complete the diagram below on your realizations on classroom equipment.

Projector, wifi, smart TV, and I want to know how we can

computers are some of the ensure that these equipment
classroom equipment that I use efficiently and effectively in
think is costly, and need for line with the learning outcomes,
teachers adequate and relevant and how about its maintenance.
training to maximize the use of
these equipment inside the
classroom.

Classroom equipment aims to

What excites me about this
support the students to achieve
classroom equipment is that
the intended objectives and
seeing the students performing
provide engaging and
well inside the classroom and
interactive classroom. And so,
motivated to do the activities
the teacher must know how
given unto them.
and when to use it. This means,
that I should better understand
the uses of these equipment
and to integrate it in my
instruction.
 CONFIRMATION OF PASSION

PROFESSIONAL READINGS
Find professional readings about classroom and learner management. Based on your
readings, answer the guide questions.

Title of Article: Classroom Management And Teacher Emotons In Secondary Mathematics

Teaching : A Qualitative Video-based Single Case Study

Author: Josef Hofman

Reference: Hofman, J.(2022). Classroom management and teacher emotons in secondary

mathematics teaching : A qualitative video-based single case study, Education Inquiry,
DOI:10.1080/20004508.2022.2028441

GUIDE QUESTION::
Why is classroom management important?
With positive classroom management, we will be able to create a safe and conducive
learning environment that helps in promoting desired behaviors among our learners and
in achieving the learning goals. It found out in many studies that classroom management
is one of the key elements contributing to students behavior and success not just on their
academics but also outside of it. Also, it has impact to teachers’ welfare. And so, it is a
must as teachers that we know and able to use effective and efficient classroom
management.

GUIDE QUESTION::
Why should classroom and learner management be based on research?
If classroom management is research-based, we get useful insights and understanding
the context of both teachers and students. It gives us lenses to see what is behind of
teachers and learners experiences in every learing environment. With that, we will be able
identify the common problems upon establishing a good classroom management, how
to deal with those, what are the things we can do to reduce the occurrences of these
problems, and what are the methods we can use to facilitate learning environment
effectively and efficiently.

GUIDE QUESTION::
What is Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)?
Positive behavioral interventions and supports is an approach that deals upon improving
and promoting positive behaviors and an intervention use to provide the students the
needed support to learn effectively. And it is a kind of reinforcement, not a punishment.
Furthermore, this can be systematized and integrate to our learning environment with
the following: establishing a positive routines for classroom management, giving
students an ample time to process their learnings or just give them a small break from
the exhausting activities at a certain time, understanding the students current
knowledge and schemas, by making corrections in a right manner that would not cause
the students to feel intimidated or being shamed, using positive phrases or reinforcers,
and of course as teachers we need to set first and communicate clearly what we expect
to the students.
 HABITUATE TO PERPETUATE

YOUR TURN!
Do a 10-minute classroom demonstration with two to five students in your area.
Based on your demonstration, how did you facilitate effective classroom strategies?
Describe your experience and post an evidence in the space provided.

EXPERIENCE
It is true that planning is an integral part of integrating effective teaching strategies. It
requires not only having the mastery of the content of the lesson, but also we need to be
emotionally stable on how to manage the students’ behavior during the instruction. As a
beginning teacher I might have few knowledge what are the common students’ behavior,
however there are still unexpected ones, and so there must be patience to handle these
things. Another important lesson I have learned from my experience is that with adequate
knowledge on how to maximize instructional technologies and online platforms, delivery of
lesson and assessment to students can be an interactive and engaging ones. And last is that
establishing a positive atmosphere can boost the students’ confidence to participate and be
active. However, I have some still need to develop further such as my communication skills ,
body gestures, and my skills on how to use the new technologies for the advantage of
meaningful learning.

EVIDENCE
For the 10-minute demonstration teaching, here is the link.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-I039f5ywvopWaNE1VzU6jQoHpaWfGr9/view?usp=sharing
For the PowerPoint presentation, here is the link.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1_9Yl8XP_Bqfr4YOrwgM5se5dcQTcSsm1/edit?usp=s
haring&ouid=101876361697132989817&rtpof=true&sd=true