The Effects of Alternative On-Job-Training in the Hospitality

Industry Career Opportunities of Graduated Batch 2021

A Thesis Proposal Submitted

to the faculty of the College of Tourism and Hospitality
Management

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of BS Hospitality Management

Submitted by:
Aaron Samuelle D. Betco
Emmanuel P. David
Joan Grace C. Sunico
Lean Sebastian Tanghal
 APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis, entitled: The Effects of Alternative On-Job-Training in the

Hospitality Industry Career Opportunities of Graduated Batch 2021, prepared and
submitted by Aaron Samuelle D. Betco, Emmanuel P. David, Joan Grace C.
Sunico and Lean Sebastian O. Tanghal, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management has been
examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral Presentation.

Val Joseph F. Vallejo

(Name and Signature of Research Adviser)

Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS on Oral Defense on _May 14,2022

with a grade of
.

(Name and Signature)

Chair

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management.

(Name and Signature)

Dean
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

We hereby declare that the thesis entitled “The Effects of Alternative On-The-Job
training in the Hospitality Industry Career Opportunities of Graduated Batch
2021” is our original work carried out as an Undergraduate student at Jose Rizal
University except to the extent that assistance from others in the thesis design
and conception or style, presentation, and linguistic expression are duly
acknowledged.

All sources used for the thesis have been fully and properly cited. It
contains no material which, to a substantial extent, has been accepted for the
award of any other degree at JRU or any other educational institution except
where the due acknowledgment is made in the thesis.

Student’s Name and Signatures Date:

May 12, 2022
 ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant and negative impact on many

aspects of life. These changes have also impacted educational systems,

especially the graduating students who will take their on-the-job training. Given

these difficulties, they still made it and graduated. It is worth investigating how or

what they do and if they are satisfied with their online learning. This research

study will determine the effects of alternative on-the-job training on the career

opportunities of graduating batch of 2021. The researchers will use a quantitative

research design to broaden the scope and depth of the research. Survey

questionnaires are distributed to the participants to assess their readiness in

terms of competencies, competitiveness, and experiences.

Keywords: Covid-19, impact, difficulties, online learning, readiness,

competencies, competitiveness, experiences,

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Certificate of Originality iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Research Hypothesis 2
1.4 Significance of the Study 3
1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study 4

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature and Studies 5

Introduction 5
2.1 Online and Virtual Internships 8
2.2 The post-COVID-19 environment offers 9
Opportunities for students to participate in
Work-integrated learning and virtual internships in the
Hospitality and tourist industries
2.3 Hospitality and Tourist industry participation 9
From students and a New Beginning during the COVID-19
 Pandemic
2.4 The Effect of Hospitality Industry Shutdowns on a 10
Internship Program at One University
2.5 Hospitality Industry Best Practices 11
2.6 Hospitality Industry Problems 12
2.7 Adaptability in the Workplace 14
2.8 Evaluation of hospitality curricula, intercultural 18
challenges facing the hospitality industry
2.9 Students’ employability and preparation for jobs 19
In tourism and hotel management are affected by
Their exposure to tourism education
2.10 Theoretical Framework 20
2.11 Conceptual Framework 23
2.12 Operational Definition of Terms or 23
Variables

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 28
3.2 Population and Sample 28
3.3 Research Locale 28
3.4 Methods and Procedure 29
3.5 Research Instruments 29
3.6 Statistical Treatment 30

References 32
Appendices 38
Appendix A Research Instrument
Appendix B Journal Matrix
Appendix C Adviser’s Conforme
Appendix D Unicheck Similarities Index Report

Acknowledgement 65
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Page

1 Benefits and Challenges 12

2 Theoretical Framework 20

3 Conceptual Framework 23
Chapter 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

COVID-19 has had a huge influence on every industry and has

revolutionized the way firms function on a global scale. While previous

pandemics seem to have had an impact on the global economy, the coronavirus

pandemic seems to have a bigger effect. the Hospitality and Tourism industries,

as a result of mobility restrictions, bodily isolation, and the worry of becoming

inflamed via tour and organization gatherings. The virus's mysterious origins, in

addition to its bombshell and fast spread, have ended in mass recall of leisure

including sea and air travel, even events and expansion of remaining hospitality

businesses. It can be difficult to create safe environments for staff and

customers that allow each provider to achieve excellence and control social

isolation. For example, a few clients may also pick self-service buffet food as

opposed to handling desk provider workers. Buffets, on the other hand, are

expected to decline after COVID19, with customers opting for table service. This

is probably because of differing views on how enterprise practices will extrude

due to the outbreak.

Customers' service expectations will likely alternate because of

COVID-19, earlier than and in the course of service engagements. Unknown

metrics of carrier delivery required and anticipated by clients necessitate

significant advancements in hotel and tourism facility adaptive capabilities. Most

accommodations and restaurants are struggling to enforce sanitary

requirements to reassure customers, especially in the lower tiers of easing

restrictions and resuming trips, Tourists must be aware of personal hygiene as a

first barrier against the virus. Regardless of how little visitor engagement is,

firms must give incredibly responsive services. Customers, according to

Venturini, will need extra non secular and emotional additives in hospitality and

travel experiences.

Hotels should use virtual innovation by enforcing an era that includes IoT

(net of things, which uses generation to regulate lighting, condition, and various

headroom systems); artificial intellect; the expanded reality, which includes

digital excursions inn to inform visitors about the hotel; and digital technology

that makes use of IoT (interplay with synthetic intelligence thru chat displays).

Virtual truth generation is being extra extensively hired in hospitality and tourism

traveler and advertising operations consisting of operational reserving

procedures, digital tours, translation, and different strategies that permit clients

to plot and transact bookings whilst additionally enhancing their typical

experience. Training corporations have efficiently hired online systems in

aggregate with factory visits with the aid of using Taiwanese companies in

cultural traveler education, in addition to digital discipline trips. Despite their

potential benefits for hospitality and tourism students, virtual internships have

struggled to achieve mainstream popularity, despite cheaper costs and more

availability. While the industry has adopted visualization technology in several

ways, it is significantly less popular in training and virtual internships.

Despite its terrible effect on education especially for the (H&T)

department, the pandemic has aided in the introduction of novel coaching and
studying of methodologies. Professors searched for plenty of lively studying

techniques to grow scholar engagement and contentment in a digital setting;

enterprise practitioners evolved custom-designed digital internships; and college

students embraced the brand-new mode of study, which incorporates online

modalities of learning and digital organization projects.

To enhance our students' expertise in huge records evaluation and

synthetic intelligence, H&T educates the initiative to analyze organizing

interdisciplinary publications or multidisciplinary magnificence initiatives with

different disciplines such as software or mechanical engineering, which is no

longer linked. Online internships can be a second option for learning and used

in the near future to boost our students' viewpoints. We envisage our college

students taking part in global digital internships to discover ways to control and

execute international operations at the same time as additionally speaking with

global clients.
1.2 Background of the Study

COVID-19 has tremendously influenced practically every element of daily

living. There is no exception in higher education. Anecdotal data suggests that

both students and colleges need to be in better shape. Because of the

pandemic, the Philippine government has announced a statewide lockdown. In

the Philippines, all forms of education have been recognized as online classes.

Students who graduated in batch 2021 struggled in their final year since they did

not obtain on-the-job training that would have provided them with experience.

However, on-the-job training is the most effective in providing students with

job-ready skills in the workplace. The data that will be gathered through the

researchers' assessment will assist the researchers' objectives.

The researchers will evaluate the effects of not having on-the-job training on

the graduated students of 2021. Also, we will analyze and measure the

causative impact on a wide variety of student outcomes and expectations. We

examine graduation decisions, academic accomplishments, significant

decisions, online learning experiences, and future employment aspirations.

1.3 Theoretical Framework

Having on-the-job training experience is an important part of students

who are graduating. Many past graduates had been now not given the chance

to experience it. Due to the persevering pandemic, many facilities and

establishments had been forced to shut their operations down, and that includes

faculties and universities. On-the-job training is massive for graduating college

university students because it gives them the chance to come across what they

aspire to achieve withinside the industry their pursuing.

On-the-job training is seen as a once-in-a-lifetime chance for university

college students to gain from a brilliant keep near the sector or career they

intend to pursue. It gives university college students their first true experience of

exertion without throwing them in headfirst, and while used effectively, it

provides a slew of advantages.

In constructing this part of the study, constructivist learning theories come

to mind because of the truth people will be inclined to be active novices in place

of passive novices. This way humans look amazing when they experience or

discover subjects for themselves, in place of being taught. It moreover contends

that gaining expertise is a collaborative hobby and those sizeable and relevant

interactions with exclusive novices make people far more eager to absorb new

statistics or change their gift expertise. This suit we've got a have a take a

observe because of the pandemic. Graduating university college students had

been deprived of experiencing on-the-manner education. They don't have any

choice but to look at their very personal because of the truth we are withinside
the midst of lockdown at some point of that factor due to the persevering global

pandemic. Here is a take a observe what allows our decided theory:

Constructivism is the look at and comprehension of philosophy.

Constructivism is a manner of considering the opportunity of knowing. The

studies make a specialty of college students' views of the character of

know-how and knowing. A constructivist getting to know the point of view fosters

the purchase and elaboration of man or woman and organization know-how, in

addition to the improvement of learner-targeted coaching processes that

pressure complacement, contingent, and synergy getting to know. Three

research investigated the epistemological assumptions and academic practices

of lodge control college students.

The first studies investigated how the institutional imagination and

prescient of training corresponded to college students' perspectives of training.

Knowledge ideas, coaching and getting to know conceptions, and evaluation

conceptions had been the 3 additives of the training notion. 324 college

students enrolled in a four-yr. lodge control faculty participated in this study.

Tenenbaum et al. used 3 processes to discover college students' perspectives

of know-how, coaching and getting to know, and evaluation. The facts suggest

that the 3 theories are trapped withinside the constructivist problem.

Furthermore, first-yr. college students outperformed senior college students on

setting up measures for know-how concepts and coaching and getting to know

concepts. This disparity is probably defined with the aid of using the effect of a

constructivist curriculum on participants' views.

 The second study regarded the epistemological ideals of hospitality

control college students (getting to know the effort, professional know-how, the

fact of know-how), in addition to their conceptions of coaching and getting to

know (conventional, constructivist), and the connection among the two.

Students who've got conventional expertise of coaching and getting to

know to see know-how as extra positive and reserved for experts, and getting to

know as a count of training and exercise, while college students who have

constructivism prowess see know-how as strongly associated with getting to

know as a procedure for expertise, and plenty much less as a count of drill and

exercise reserved for specialists.

1.4 Conceptual framework

1.5 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Online on-the-job training for

the graduated students of Jose Rizal University batch 2021.

Inclined to this, the researcher will answer the following questions.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Occupation

1.2. Year Graduated

2. What effects did the alternative on-the-job training have on the Batch of 2021

Graduates, and how effective was the alternative on-the-job training?

3. How can alternative on-the-job training be more effective in the future?

1.6 Hypothesis

This study assumes that there is a more effective way to execute the virtual

on-the-job training program.

1.7 Significance of the Study

Students

This study will help students who are considering taking alternative on-the-job

training by enabling them to understand the advantages and limitations of their

selections.

School Administrator/ University

The result of the study will help the university to know about the effectiveness

of alternative on-the-job training, and it will serve as a guide to see the

importance of online training. Furthermore, this research will be used as a basis

to determine how useful and essential to use alternative on-the-job training is.

To the Faculty and Teaching Staff

This research will help and provide suggestions to the teaching staff,

particularly the Hospitality Department, on how to successfully educate in online

training for alternative on-the-job training to university students.

To Further Researchers

This study will serve as a reference and a guide for future researchers who

seek to learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of alternative

on-the-job training.
1.8 Scope and Limitation

This study primarily focused on the effectiveness of alternative on-the-job

training in Hospitality Industry students. The survey respondents only include

the Hospitality Management students at Jose Rizal University Batch 2021. The

researchers will survey 175 respondents. The study sought to determine the

respondents' satisfaction with the effects and benefits to be gained.

 CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

Introduction

In any research subject, a review of related literature has become an

unavoidable aspect of the research process. “Knowledge of the literature in any

topic area assists the student in discovering what is already known, what others

have discovered, what manner of approach has been promising or

disappointing, and what difficulties need to be solved,”. The researcher has

made a concerted effort to locate and examine research on the issue under

examination that has been completed by diverse researchers and scholars.

2.1 Online and Virtual Internships

Students may work with hospitality companies through the E-internship

program without the need to be part of them. The function of the trainee in this

state of affairs is one of the companies and the trainees are linked to the

internet. These conferences may also assist college students to enhance their

conversation and social skills, in addition to their knowledge of expert thoughts

and concepts, however, they also can offer technical hurdles. The student must

be self-motivated and self-disciplined in the absence of a teacher, supervisor, or

other analogous relationships. As a consequence, expertise is required to

create a dynamic online environment that will attract and engage students.

Co-advent in a digital internship environment, made viable with the aid of using

more suitable mastering technology, might enable university students to

increase the innovative skills required in destination hospitality and tourism

environments, as well as make contributions to curriculum updates mandated

with the aid of converting enterprise needs. Above all, high-degree interactive

connections with digital internship companions that contain interns in activities

and projects are crucial for undergraduate students to expand

career-associated competence and provide importance to (H&T) businesses.

2.2 Hospitality and tourist industry participation from students and a

new beginning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Although earlier health-related crises such as SARS, the Zika Virus, and

Ebola, and others, had a negative impact on the hotel and tourism industries,

none of them had the widespread and severe repercussions that the current

COVID-19 outbreak has. The sector has suffered company closures, reduced

travel demand, and employee furloughs and layoffs as a result of travel

limitations, government infection control programs, and public worries about

health and safety. Many academic events and activities, including advising

sessions and site visits, as well as lectures and other significant professional

engagement events, have been temporarily canceled or relocated to online or

hybrid formats. Studies have indicated that students are typically satisfied with

learning techniques such as distance learning and the use of digital technology

in the hospitality and tourism education field. These practices are not new

practices and have been demonstrated to be effective.

2.3 The Effect of Hospitality Industry Shutdowns on an Internship

Program at One University

One American institution made important choices concerning its

internship program based on previous experiences as well as newly accessible

qualitative data. As a consequence, a Virtual Internship course was created that

achieved the required results. The researchers identified significant features of

the internship experience and recreated them using a range of educational

methodologies, such as checklist analysis and keyword research. The faculty

developed a Virtual Internship class for the summer of 2020 by combining

existing curricular changes with fresh analyses. The judgments were to be made

by university professors in March 2020, when even less was known about the

virus's ramifications. Many academics anticipated the virus's effects would be

transient and would be gone by the summer of 2020. During these moments of

tremendous uncertainty, university professors in all known cases reported their

course and program objectives for direction. This concept brought some

coherence to the programs' strategies and procedures. Stockton University, on

the other hand, combined data from an internal study of the school's learning

management system's unique diary-like student responses with its course and

program objectives.

2.4 Hospitality Internship Best Practices

There has never been a greater demand for highly skilled and

well-trained employees due to the expansion in worldwide tourism. Tourism

employs around 10% of the worldwide workforce and accounts for one out of

every eleven jobs. It is predicted to increase at a pace of about 2% every year.

Because there is a significant shortage of trained workers in the travel and

tourism business, educational institutions that provide degrees in this field often

offer internships to students in order to familiarize them with the field.

Internships are intended to provide students with practical experience that may

augment what they learn in the classroom. Nevertheless, it would seem that the

student and the firm are not benefiting equally from the internship. As a direct

result of this, the curricula of educational institutions need to be revised in order

to provide consistent and high-quality learning experiences that will direct the

process of completing internships, whether they are completed on-site or online.

In order to develop professionals via the use of practical training, "important

components" include, in Baltescu's words, "the topic, venue, organization, and

techniques of evaluation." Baltescu analyzed 90-hour internship programs

throughout the course of a student's second year of an entry-level job to

determine how long it takes a student to complete an internship. In another

study, students in their third and fourth years who had worked for three to six

months were the subjects. (The deadline that was officially set was in four

months.) The researchers found that many of the challenges and benefits were

the same throughout the internship. In general, research has shown that

educational objectives for internship programs are comparable and that

participating in an internship may be a beneficial learning experience.

2.5 Hospitality Internship Problems

A number of researchers have uncovered obstacles to achieving such

objectives. According to Baltescu, students are unaware of the many vocations

available in the hotel industry or the working conditions. McKnight identified a

gap between students' field trips and their academic learning. Baltescu

uncovered a number of particular faults cited by disgruntled students, such as

uneven experiences, the monotony of supplied content, unduly demanding and

stressful internships, and interns considered as employees but not awarded or

granted perks. These findings are confirmed by research that investigates

interns' negative perceptions of their internship experience

Interns complained about the pay plan is unfair. While studying student

hospitality intern salary on a worldwide basis is outside the scope of this study,

other benefits and bonuses must be considered. Employees, for example, are

more likely than interns to receive tips, be recognized, attend company events,

receive free employee meals, or receive employee discounts. Inconsistencies in

internship programs and practices were found in the literature. According to Lee,
 Chao, and Chen, these employee incentives are seldom given to interns. They

are actively working toward transformation and collaborating with HRM in order

to include interns in total quality management (TQM) activities at the hotel.

According to their idea, it raises total staff enjoyment, which improves the

product and the client experience. The literature repeatedly underlines the need

for a more uniform manner of organizing student internships that benefits all

parties. As a result, the objective of this one-of-a-kind framework is to combine

the most effective elements of hospitality internships, include self-regulated

learning in an isolated setting, and build the program such that it addresses

issues that have been identified by previous research.

Students should use this opportunity to further their education and

develop their own skills and knowledge. Many students have expressed an

interest in participating in online webinars and other training activities. All of

these occurrences show tenacity, talent, and develop confidence. Accept that, in

the near term, hospitality will not be the same. You must be pragmatic and

create attainable goals for yourself. Because they are distinct periods, assess

what is happening right now while remaining focused on your ultimate objective.

It may take a bit longer to achieve, but the work will be well worth it at the end.

2.6 Adaptability in the workplace

The hospitality students' career flexibility is linked to future

self-employment and aggressive professional attempts, as well as career

anxiety and prospects. In addition, the current study investigated all

associations in which employment flexibility may have made a major difference

impact. In a recent article, by Di Maggio et al. We establish a solid indication of

occupational ductility was secondarily associated with life satisfaction through

hope, giving confidence to the paradigm proposed in this study. We also found

pragmatic proof that career flexibility is connected to, both directly and indirectly

student fulfillment in life through resilience.

In addition to the COVID19 pandemic, the relationship between student

work and hope was investigated among those learning the hospitality industry.

Zhong discovered, especially among hospitality students, that optimism is a

significant indicator of workplace loyalty. It has also been shown that the effect

of hope is directly related to the resilience of individuals and societies who can

predict the satisfaction of people's lives. These positive relationships include the

elderly, refugee youth, engineering business owners, and Latino individuals

attending college. The positive effect that hope has on a person's resilience is

one of the most important aspects that play a role in determining the extent to

which a person will experience happiness throughout their life. The possibility of

personal and professional growth is another source of optimism. According to

recent research conducted on users and middle school students, the indirect

relationship between hope and resilience is found in one's ability to maintain

vocational flexibility. Increases one's sense of accomplishment in life.

The academic community has advanced a wide range of cognitive and

concept-based research in the field of hotel management and the sector of

education hotels. Understanding how optimism, work flexibility, and adaptability

enhance the competence and well-being of hospitality students, especially in

light of the COVID19 outbreak.

Job transitions are becoming more common as a result of COVID 19,

whether by choice or need, especially given the challenging labor market. In the

face of such situations, individuals must be able to adjust to the increasingly

frequent changes rapidly and efficiently in the workplace. Flexible workers can

plan for their future and receive treatments that are adapted to their

requirements. As a consequence of this, job flexibility has a significant impact

on people's motivation to hope. Self-regulation and life skills are two

occupational adaptation techniques that enable people in developing adaptive

strategies and behaviors that will help them achieve their adaptation goals.

According to the four-way approach, career adaptability is defined as the ways

of thinking, routines, and abilities especially individuals apply to accommodate

the profession that best suits them. Care, control, confidence, and curiosity are

the four dimensions of adaptability, also known as the 4Cs. The challenge is to

recognize the need for a future professional career and prepare for it. The

phrase "control" relates to the feeling of autonomy and decision-making when it

comes to selecting a future professional path. Subjective control is what the

term "control" refers to. A person's curiosity may be characterized as the urge to

gain knowledge about one's surroundings. In the end, confidence may be

defined as the subjective idea that a person can prevail over certain problems in

their professional life. Researchers will better understand how students cope
with career changes, resilience, and hope if they better understand students'

work flexibility.

Because of higher levels of expert uncertainty, process loss,

unemployment, and excessive unemployment. The epidemic caused by

COVID-19 has produced an incredibly worrying scenario, especially for college

students who are studying hospitality and tourism. In this regard, reading career

factors is essential for understanding how college students' career choices

affect their courage. To begin with, the challenge is a significant factor in the

context of a contamination pandemic that has temporarily halted practically all

hospitality activities. Furthermore, college individuals must be fully aware of their

future interests, anticipate what might happen, and prepare themselves with

tactics and paths for what may possibly occur. It's all about control needed all

through worrying instances due to the fact addressing self-discipline, effort, and

motivating ideas to permit humans to take duty for converting themselves and

their environments to stand and adapt to approaching obstacles. Curiosity may

be the riding pressure that motivates someone to pursue non-public and expert

know-how paths that increase his attention to the arena and permit him to obtain

his goals. In conclusion, the self-assurance of students is critical to their

success in learning, and the process of acquiring new skills has to be

pleasurable. Students need to cultivate and maintain their sense of

self-assurance in order to make effective decisions and, ultimately, to ensure

their own satisfaction throughout their lives.

 In the years leading up to the COVID-19 viral epidemic, educational

studies placed a high value on the hospitality industry's ability to assess

workers' procedural flexibility. Rasheed et al. found that profession flexibility is

inversely connected with worker turnover intentions through happiness

orientation in a study of 4100 frontline teams of workers inside the Chinese

lodging enterprise. Inconsistencies were discovered among 287 full-time

front-line staff at a five-star African lodge by Karatepe and Olugbade, suggesting

that job flexibility will boost turnover intentions but no longer job satisfaction

Safavi and Bouzari conducted an observation lasting two weeks with 193

frontline employees at five well-known person motels in North Cyprus. They

discovered substantial data suggesting that professional flexibility has an effect

on people competency and that this effect varies greatly even within the same

company. For every other observation, the researchers found substantial

evidence of a high correlation between professional flexibility and employability

attributes for college students majoring in hospitality and tourism who wanted to

work in the field after they graduated. This was the case for students who

wanted to work in the hospitality and tourism industry. This was the situation for

employees in the hotel and tourist industry, whether they were employed

full-time or part-time. Despite this, no previous research in the hospitality

industry has investigated how college students' vocational flexibility functions

influence their levels of optimism.

Internship pleasure amongst hospitality college students, in addition to

the effect of internships on expert development and commercial views A

well-deliberate internship, may also help HM college students in growing unique

abilities which might be required as a part of their widespread education.

Internship packages are designed to put together college students to achieve

success and leaders able to grow smart choices primarily based totally on the

theoretical know-how they've received for the duration of their education.

Internships are crucial for growing college students' getting to know potential

due to the fact they require lively participation in quite a few ways, inclusive of

seeing and doing. Internships decorate college students` crucial thinking,

problem-solving, and communique abilities, which are all required for a hit

education, with the aid of using exposing them to real-international situations.

2.7 Evaluation of hospitality curricula, Intercultural challenges facing

the hospitality industry

This makes it incredibly difficult for students to engage and collaborate

successfully with people from various cultures. When people of different cultures

interact, various problems have the potential to arise. This involves interactions

not just between employees and their bosses but also between staff and guests.

Businesses related to tourism and hospitality, as well as educational institutions,

have significant challenges when it comes to cultivating cultural awareness,

competence, and understanding. If businesses in the tourism and hospitality

industry see students as a tool that can foster creativity on the job, then they

should hire them, it will be to everyone's advantage, including businesses and

educators. Student interns can enable companies by exploring and contributing

new ideas, as well as providing objective and unique viewpoints.

People's lives can be disrupted by natural disasters. Students and

teachers face various problems because of this, including stress, lack of

concentration, concentration, and many more. They claim that the online

education system is quickly growing in higher education. Furthermore, the

online system is compared to a fictitious "ideal educational system." As per their

survey, 50% of students in the hotel sector believe that face-to-face instruction is

more beneficial than online instruction. According to their survey, approximately

80% of hotel executives believe that in-person education is superior to online

education.

2.8 Students' employability and preparation for jobs in tourism and

hotel management are affected by their exposure to tourism education.

These believable fun pillars have long served as inspiration for important

reviews that combine educational proficiency with hands-on training and

supervision. Internships as a form of empirical mastery have become an

essential component of a better education program.

Working under pressure, taking responsibility, listening carefully,

customer service/awareness, moral professional attitude, motivation, time

management skills, and verbal communication are all excellent graduate

characteristics. The Fraser and Reddan approach provide a more complete

commentary. With the COVID19 pandemic, online training for tourism and
hospitality is being considered much further, and it now appears necessary to

consider their miles for educational institutions' success.

2.9 Guidelines for the conduct of practicum activities for BSTM and

BSHRM

According to the provision of Republic Act (RA) No. 11469, as known the

“Bayanihan to Heal as One Act”. By IATF resolution under the CHED-DOH joint

memorandum circular 2021-001 and Ched memorandum order no.4, series of

2020. Practicum programs of BSTM and BSHM aim to expose and immerse the

student in their real work-life situations. It gives the students a proper handling

experience and practice of their skills as they prepared for their career

aspirations. A Practicum required each student to undergo 600 hours of work

experience. It should be properly monitored of HEI. As this practicum, we are

held in the middle of a pandemic the safety and health protocol must be properly

implemented accordance in CHED-DOH joint memorandum. In compliance with

the IATF For the safety of both the host company and student, they would

expose to the on-site training. Proper wear of (PPEs) otherwise known as

personal protective equipment. And monitored the social distance in the working

area. Higher Education ensures that the practicum program is available for all

students qualified so it would not delay the completion of requirements for their

graduation. If the parents or guardians of the students are denied the

participation in on-site training the students can file the (LOA) or leave of

absence they can avail themselves the virtual learning and training.
2.12 Operational Definition of Terms or Variables

For a better understanding of the study's terminology, the words utilized in this research

are explained in terms of their use and significance for operational meaning.

Alternative – Another option (of one or more items) is accessible.

Anecdotal data – Evidence in the form of personal accounts of what has occurred to

them.

Artificial intelligence is the intelligence powered by a machine or system to perform

similarly to a human being.

Buffets – Food that has many choices mainly displays in front of the guest to take what

the guest wants.

Catalyzes – To start (an action or a process).

Causative – Assisting a cause.

Career – It is a long-term endeavor that you build towards and work upon it every day.

CHED – A government agency responsible for higher education

Complacent – Having a smug or uncritical attitude toward oneself or one's

accomplishments.

Conception – The process of creating or constructing a plan or idea.

Covid-19 – Coronavirus is a respiratory disease that has become prevalent during the

past two years. The most commonly known symptoms of this are shortness of breath

and fever.

Constructivism - is a concept where people have different approaches when it comes

to acquiring knowledge.

Curriculum – The subjects that make up a school or college course of study.

Data – Information consists of statistical information and individual facts.

Demographics - refers to social and economic factors that convey statistics, like

current employment, education, earnings, marital status, birthing, deceased rates, etc.
Detriment – Having the potential to damage others.

Descriptive - Serving or seeking to describe.

Digital technology is a system or tool that generates, processes, and stores data.

Disparity - A significant difference.

Effectiveness - evaluating whether the study shows effectiveness, meaning detecting it

produced any works, results, and/or benefits to society or effect.

Effects – It refers to the outcome of an event or a situation that made a change

Efficiency - is the duration where a task reached its objective while limiting the use of

resources.

Expectation - In this study, expectation refers to foresight and firm belief in achieving

something.

Evaluation – This will be described as a metric to assess the impact of the two

variables mentioned above.

E-survey - A type of survey where technology is a significant factor in delivering an

outline to future responders and collecting information from the people who answered.

Global economy- links the relationship between the region and nations for an

economic relation.

Harmonize – Create a visually appealing combo.

Hospitality Industry – It is a mixed field of the service industry that is focused on

service and food, beverage, and leisure activities.

(H&T) - refers to hospitality and tourism

IATF – Refers to task forces that compose of the different government agencies

responsible for the response against covid-19

Implement – This refers to the application or execution of plans and ideas.

Instrument – A tool that is used for one particular work to be done

Interdisciplinary - Refers to two or more academic disciplines

Internet – A network providing information and communication facility

Internships – A student that works in an organization to gain experience to fulfill the

requirements

Isolation - For the health care, this refers to several actions taken to control the

infection

Learning - Acquisition of new knowledge and behaviors, set of skills, values,

preferences

LOA – This is a letter that can you file if you refuse to join

Lockdown- It refers to the limitation of movement or isolation of a one place

Measure - A method that uses to determine the size, quality, and quantity of one

particular thing

Methodologies – The system used to measure or study one specific area.

Mobility restriction – To avoid and control the people from exposure to any form of

respiratory illness.

Modality – A unique way of existing, experiencing, or expressing anything.

Multidisciplinary - It combines academic and professional to approach a topic or

problem

Negative – This is the opposite of positive it expresses denial and refusal, either refuse

to accept

Objectives – The objectives described in this study as a goal or achievement

On-the-job training - This is training that takes place while a person is completing

tasks or processes relevant to their job.

Organization – Refers to a body of people with a particular aim or purpose.

Pandemic- Diseases or viruses are out of control and spreading across the globe
Personal hygiene - The proper etiquette on how to be knit looking will also help to

avoid many diseases and illnesses

Positive – Sign of a good quality looking forward to a good side of things

PPE - Refers to the personal protective equipment used to avoid hazardous exposure

Prior – Existing or preceding in time, sequence, or significance.

Quantitative- This is a measure for something that is more quantity than its quality

Regenerate – Especially in a spiritual or moral sense, reformed or reborn.

Researchers – Works of people who are involved in discovering and studying

information that will use for a book

Research Instrument - is a surveying tool that is used for gathering data, procedures,

and breaking down facts that are coherent for constructing a thesis.

Resource - Refers to all available materials in our environment which can be used

technologically or economically.

Revolutionized – Refers to a change of something.

Socio-economic – This refers to the social class or standing of an individual or group

Strategy – The strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve the set goal.

Survey - This is a list of questionnaires to extract the specific data coming from

individuals or a particular group

Socioeconomic status – Socioeconomic status is an individual or group's social

standing or class. It is often measured as a combination of education, income, and

occupation.

Synergy - Two or more organizations, materials, or other agents interacting or

cooperating to produce a combined effect more significant than the sum of their results.

Table service – The customer experience for dining led by the waiter or server.

Technique - is an approach to how to handle or accomplish a task, the implementation

of methods in order to achieve what needs to be done.

Unavoidable – It cannot be prevented, even avoided or ignored

Utilization – The act of putting something to practical and productive use.

 CHAPTER 3

3.1 Research Design

This study will use a quantitative approach to determine the impact on an

individual student who has graduated from an alternative on-the-job training.

The researchers will conduct descriptive research. This method aims to

evaluate students to know another alternative way of having On-the-job training.

The researchers will use a quantitative technique to perform this study, including

the use of an E-survey questionnaire.

3.2 Population and Sample

This study's respondents came from Jose Rizal University. Researchers will

survey 175 of the 2021 batch of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

graduates.

3.3 Research Locale

The study will be conducted at Jose Rizal University. Researchers

selected this place to know the study's efficiency among hospitality

management students and for them to feel comfortable. Researchers will

implement this study for the batch of 4th-year Bachelor of Science in Hospitality

Management students that graduated from testing the effectiveness of

alternative on-the-job training.

 3.4 Method or Procedure

This study used descriptive statistics as the main instrument to fulfill the

necessary research objective and to describe and understand the data and

features of the population or phenomena under study– with the help of the Jose

Rizal University Batch 2021.

3.5 Research Instruments

This research used an online Google form as a survey questionnaire.

The purpose of the survey questionnaire is to gather data from participants. It

was carefully altered to enable participants to be as honest as possible while

avoiding confusing or misleading responses. Researchers collect information in

Excel using Google Forms to determine the percentage of the most frequent

question. The Likert scale will be the research instrument used by the

researchers. The questionnaire has two parts. Part I discusses the respondents'

demographics. Part II is the assessment of the outcomes of the alternative

on-the-job training for the class of 2021 graduates.

3.6 Statistical Treatment of Data

Using various statistical tools to examine and comprehend the results of the data that is

presented in a particular study is referred to as statistics. The statistical tool below will

be used by the researchers as they deem it appropriate.

1. A mean is a point that symbolizes the mean of a group of data. The mean has

several uses since it may be used to calculate a data set's central tendency, standard

deviation, and variance.

The average formula is written as:

μ = 𝚺 𝐗𝐢

μ = population mean

Σ= summation

Xi = X-values

N = number of respondents

2. A data presentation that details the number of observations for each data point or

information point is known as a percentage frequency distribution. It is a useful

approach for communicating additional information, such as the relative frequency of

survey responses.

The formula for percentages is written as:

𝑷 = 𝒇/𝑵

P or % = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Number of respondents
 Likert Scale for Survey

Scale Range Evaluation

4 3.26 – 4.00 Very Satisfied

3 2.57 – 3.25 Satisfied

2 1.76 – 2.50 Dissatisfied

1 1.00 – 1.75 Very Dissatisfied