World's TOP 50-International Construction 2022-2023

MAY-JUNE 2022
www.international-construction.com | A KHL Group publication
URBANISATION ALTERNATIVE POWER AUSTRALIA IN FOCUS
What will the cities of Looking at hydrogen, New government's

the future look like? electric and fuel cells plans examined
STABILITY SPEAKS
THE POWER
FOR TO
THE STRENGTH
BRING RESULTS
2022
2022 marks
marks LiuGong's 20thth anniversary
LiuGong's 20 anniversary of
of the
the overseas
overseas business
business operation.
operation. LiuGong
LiuGong now
now has
has
nearly
nearly 30
30 overseas
overseas subsidiaries
subsidiaries && offices,
offices, 44 overseas
overseas manufacturing
manufacturing plants
plants and
and 55 R&D
R&D bases
bases
spreading
spreading across
across the
the world.
world. More
More than
than 300
300 dealers
dealers provide
provide LiuGong
LiuGong products
products and
and services
services to
to the
the
customers
customers
in over
in over
170170
countries
countries
& regions.
& regions.
FROM THE EDITOR
MAY-JUNE 2022
VOLUME 61 | NUMBER 4
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COMMENT
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Room 769, Poly Plaza, No.14, One of the biggest trends in the world, and in the world of construction,
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Beijing, PR China 100027 electric car sales doubled from three million to six million. Construction
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What will the cities of Looking at hydrogen,

the future look like? electric and fuel cells
AUSTRALIA IN FOCUS
New government's
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INTERNATIONAL
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
| JANUARY-FEBRUARY
| MAY-JUNE 2022 3
OUTSIDE WHAT'S INSIDE
MAY-JUNE 2022
URBANISATION ALTERNATIVE POWER AUSTRALIA IN FOCUS
What will the cities of Looking at hydrogen, New government's

the future look like? electric and fuel cells plans examined
MAY-JUNE 2022
VOLUME 61 | NUMBER 4
NEWS ROUND UP
Cat’s new wheeled loaders; bullet train contract;
court ruling on Lafarge; alternative power.
6
10
NEWS IN PICTURES 8
STAFF LIST New sustainable campus for tech giant Google.
EDITOR Andy Brown
andy.brown@khl.com | +44 (0)1892 786224
DEPUTY EDITOR Catrin Jones
COUNTRY FOCUS AUSTRALIA 10
catrin.jones@khl.com | +44 (0) 7912298133 With lockdown easing and a new government,
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Murray Pollok Catrin Jones finds there’s a lot to report on.
TECHNICAL EDITOR Julian Buckley
julian.buckley@khl.com | +44 (0)771 009 6684
EDITORIAL TEAM Lindsey Anderson, ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 16
AUSTRALIA
24
Steve Ducker, Mike Hayes, Niamh Marriott,
Cristián Peters, Murray Pollok,
D.Ann Shiffler, Belinda Smart, Leila Steed, Scott Hazelton crunches the numbers.
Hannah Sundermeyer, Euan Youdale
BRAND MANAGER Simon Kelly
simon.kelly@khl.com | +44 (0)1892 786223
YELLOW TABLE 19
EVENTS & CREATIVE DIRECTOR Saara Rootes Sales for the world’s 50 biggest OEMs revealed.
PRODUCTION MANAGER
– KHL GLOBAL Charlotte Kemp
charlotte.kemp@khl.com | +44 (0)1892 786262
HIGH RISE CONSTRUCTION 24
PRODUCTION ADMINISTRATION High-rise projects are popular all over the world
ASSISTANT Samantha Head and show no signs of slowing down, says
samantha.head@khl.com | +44 (0)1892 786217
JUNIOR HTML EXECUTIVE Morgan Potter Catrin Jones.
GROUP DESIGN MANAGER Jeff Gilbert
GROUP DESIGNER Jade Hudson
EVENTS DESIGN MANAGER Gary Brinklow
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 32
HEAD OF FINANCE & HR Alison Filtness ALTERNATIVE POWER
FINANCE ASSISTANTS Carole Couzens, Fuel cells, electric, hydrogen and synthetic fuels are
Kate Trevillion, Sharron Brown
HEAD OF DATA AND AUDIENCE
just some of the options, reports Mike Hayes.
DEVELOPMENT James Taylor
AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
DEPUTY MANAGER Anna Philo
NEW POWER: HYDROGEN 38
FACILITIES & HR ADMINISTRATOR Mike Brezonick talks to Liebherr’s Fuel Systems
38
Philippa Smith business about hydrogen power.
DIGITAL MEDIA DIRECTOR Peter Watkinson
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER James King
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Paul Baker CONSTRUCTION TECH NEWS 41
CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER Trevor Pease How tech can attract workers; new software.
International Construction, incorporating Construction

URBANISATION 42
Industry International and World Construction, is With the world’s population growing, Lucy Barnard
available free of charge on request to anyone who falls
within the controlled circulation criteria. The official asks what the cities of the future will look like.
issue publication date is 3rd June 2022.
The magazine is published 8 times a year. It is
available to anyone who does not meet the criteria at
an annual subscription rate of UK£215, US$345, 3260.
OFF-HIGHWAY RESEARCH 49
International Construction (USPS No: 021-895) is North America’s growing love of compact machines.
50
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www.international-construction.com INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION | MAY-JUNE 2022 5

NEWS ROUND UP
TOP HIGHLIGHTS
 BRAZIL The Brazilian infrastructure
construction segment recorded strong
growth of 10.2% in 2021 but growth will
slow to 3.8% in 2022 due to rising prices
of materials and their lack of availability, as
well as elevated interest rates, according
to a report from GlobalData.
The report predicts that growth will
decline further in 2023 to 1.4% as the rising
costs and lack of availability of materials
causes significant delays and cost hikes.
 UK Following a project review, energy

firm EDF Energy has announced a delay
to the delivery of Hinkley Point C nuclear
plant on England’s Somerset coast, as well
Visit
as a significant cost increase.
www.khl.com
The French state-owned company – and for your daily fix
majority owner of the plant – has set a of all construction
new total cost for the project of between related news
€29.5 billion (US$31.5 billion) and €30.7
billion (US$32.8 billion), which is up to
44% more than its original cost estimate.
EDF further said it now has a target of
June 2027, for the start of electricity ALTERNATIVE POWER suppliers of electric wheeled loaders in 2021,
generation from Unit 1 – a year later than WHAT HAPPENED? including four manufacturers that have entered
had previously been estimated. the sector from other industries.
The construction industry is one of the biggest Volvo Construction Equipment has been
 GLOBAL The date of September 13, polluters on the planet, with a United Nations at the forefront of electric equipment in
2022, is now confirmed for KHL’s inaugural report estimating that carbon emissions from construction. Last month the company
Construction Sustainability Summit, with buildings and construction constitute almost announced a majority investment in Dutch
the event commencing at 3.00pm (UK 40% of the global figure. One way that equipment manufacturer, Limach, which
time). The first speaker for the upcoming construction can reduce emissions is through produces electric excavators.
online event has also been confirmed: the equipment used. Diesel engines are cleaner The Swedish giant says the move allows it to
Niklas Nillroth, head of sustainability than ever before, but electric and hydrogen broaden its electromobility portfolio, adding to
and public affairs at Volvo Construction power options are growing in popularity. its existing five electric compact machines.
Equipment. An Off-Highway Research report revealed At the World Hydrogen Summit in
The free-to-attend Summit will examine that policy drivers and the availability of Netherlands, BEH2YDRO launched its 100%
the trend being termed the triple bottom products are expected to result in a sharp hydrogen engines for heavy-duty applications.
line, ‘people, planet, profit’, and ask increase in sales of medium-sized electric The 100% hydrogen engine range has been
whether sustainable construction can be wheeled loaders in China. The country had 13 developed for heavy-duty applications.
good for both the planet and for business.
 ITALY Webuild has announced its AUTOMATED PEOPLE MOVER The LAX Automated People Mover
results for the first three months of
2022 with a ‘solid start to the year’. The Fluor Corporation has announced that its
Italy-based company reported that in joint venture team, LINXS Constructors –
the first months of 2022 they acquired comprised of Fluor, Balfour Beatty, Dragados
new contracts worth approximately €5.3 USA and Flatiron – has completed the
billion (US$5.5 billion) with the majority construction of Los Angeles International
in foreign markets – such as Australia, Airport’s (LAX) Automated People Mover
Northern Europe and the US. In Italy, an train guideway structure for Los Angeles World
estimated €24 billion (US$24.9 billion) of Airports in the US.
investments in public works are expected The Automated People Mover is a 2.25 mile
to be made. (3.6km) electric train system that is said will
New orders acquired and to be finalised feature six stations. Three stations are inside
year-to-date amounted to €5.3 billion the central terminal area and connect to the
(US$5.5 billion). The overall pipeline of the terminals via elevated pedestrian walkways. rail transportation and a rental car facility.
group’s commercial activities amounts to Three stations are outside the central terminal The US$4.9 billion airport project is
around €27.4 billion (US$28.4 billion). area connect to new off-site parking facilities, scheduled for completion in 2023.
6 INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION | MAY-JUNE 2022 www.international-construction.com

NEWS ROUND UP
IN CASE YOU MISSED IT

Caterpillar has launched three new compact wheeled loaders as part of its Next Generation
equipment line.
The Cat 906, 907 and 908 models are designed for the construction, industrial and waste
sectors and have operating weights from 5.7 to 6.6 tonnes.
They are fitted with Cat’s new Stage V-compliant C2.8 engine, which provides 55.7kW (74
hp) of power and delivers 13% more torque.
According to the manufacturer, this means the loaders benefit from improved road
performance and “tractive effort”, when compared to Cat’s previous M-Series loaders. The
three models will be available globally.
In addition to larger fuel tanks, the models also have an upgraded drive and powertrain that
offers faster road speeds – up to 25mph (40km/h) - than their predecessors, and also feature
a reengineered operator station.
The Next Generation loaders are equipped with a pressurized cab, which is fitted with seat-
mounted controls.
“A multifunction joystick controls travel direction and speed, proportional auxiliary flow,
differential lock, and constant hydraulic flow without operators removing their hand from the
joystick, elevating operating safety,” said Cat.
The cabs of 906, 907 and 908 loaders also include Cat’s Next Generation control monitor,
which provides real-time machine operating information.
Operators can use the monitor to configure hydrostatic transmission response, auto engine
idle shutdown and a utility powertrain mode, which is said to provide “a more intuitive means
of controlling ground and engine speed” when working with attachments.
WHAT IT MEANS WHAT’S NEXT?

Electric tracked excavators
In the immediate future, perhaps from Limach OEMs and engine manufacturers
not much. In the long term, massive change. continue to develop alternative power
Sales of alternative powered (electric, hydrogen, technologies and work on reducing the price
fuel cells) equipment in construction are very point, which is currently much higher than
small and diesel engines are cleaner than ever diesel powered machines.
before. Many OEMs and engine manufacturers The number of alternative power options
are investing in research and development into will, in the near future, continue to increase.
various power sources, as they aren’t quite sure For example, following successful trials, Rolls-
which way the industry will go. Royce’s Power Systems has approved its Series
China is a key market and the government 1600 and Series 4000 generator sets for use
are pushing electric construction equipment with EN15940 synthetic diesel fuels.
hard. Some OEMs have informally suggested a clear priority though and China is the world’s Synthetic diesel fuels are just one option.
that they have pushed it too hard given that largest market for construction equipment sales In the long term the number of alternatives
the recquired infrastructure is not in place, and – what happens there will have a huge influence will decrease – something that will be heavily
that the government are easing off slightly. It is on the whole industry. influenced by where governments invest.
BULLET TRAIN CONTRACT COURT RULES ON LAFARGE US$1.5 BILLION PORT

Indian construction giant Larsen and Toubro A French court has upheld charges of Work has started on a US$1.5 billion port and
has secured a contract from the National High- complicity in crimes against humanity against logistics centre in southwest Cambodia. The
Speed Rail Corporation Limited to construct materials producer Lafarge related to previous project is a joint venture between the Shanghai
a 116km section of High-Speed Ballastless activities in Syria. Construction Group and the China Road and
Trackworks as part of India’s Mumbai- The case is about a Syrian plant that the group Bridge Corporation.
Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) kept open for more than three years after the The port is being developed on a 600 hectare
Project. outbreak of the civil war in the country back plot of land with a depth of 15m allowing it
The MAHSR scheme, also referred to as the in 2011. to deal with ships up to the 5,100-container
bullet train project, is a 508km link between The Paris appeals court also upheld charges Panamax class. It will be the third-largest port
Mumbai and Ahmedabad. Its cost is estimated of endangerment of the lives of others after in Cambodia after Sihanoukville and Phnom
at approximately US$3.3 billion. It is expected the company allegedly transferred €13 million Penh when it has been completed. The project
to reduce the travel time between the two cities (US$13.7 million) through its Syrian subsidiary will be built over three phases across 15
to less than two hours compared to the current to several armed groups. years. The first phase sees US$200 million in
time of more than seven hours. There will be a Holcim Group will appeal against the investment, with operations expected to start
dozen stations and two rail depots. decision in the French supreme court. in 2025.

NEWS IN PICTURES
G
oogle has revealed details of its new
Bay View Campus in California, US,
which the company says will operate
entirely on carbon-free energy by 2030.
The campus is designed by BIG-Bjarke
Ingels Group and Heatherwick Studios in
collaboration with Google.
The dragon scale solar skin draped across the
canopy of the campus is equipped with 50,000
silver solar panels that create the capacity for
seven megawatts of power per hour – around
40% of the building’s total energy needs.
The site also integrates the most extensive
geothermal pile system in North America and
is net-water positive.
“Working with a client as data-driven as
Google has led to an architecture where every
single decision is informed by hard information
and empirical analysis,” said Bjarke Ingels,
founder, BIG-Bjarke Ingels Group.
“The result is a campus where the dragon
scale solar canopies harvest every photon that
hits the buildings; the energy piles store and
extract heating and cooling from the ground.” iC
IMAGES: IWAN BAAN,

GOOGLE BAY VIEW

REGIONAL REPORT AUSTRALIA
After closing its borders

over two years ago,
the country is open to
international visitors.
Government investment into
infrastructure is proceeding
at pace and enhancing The AUD$120 billion ten-year
infrastructure investment pipeline will go
transportation links is top towards transportation infrastructure
PHOTO: ADOBESTOCK
priority. Catrin Jones reports
F
rom bridges to coastal high-rises that
almost touch the normally sun-kissed
sky, Australia boasts some of the world’s
most impressive infrastructure projects.
The construction industry generates over
AUD$60 billion (US$43 billion) in revenue,
producing around 9% of Australia’s Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), and has a projected
annual growth rate of 2.4% in the next five
years, according to the Australian Industry and
Skills Committee’s National Industry Insights
construction report.
As the threat of inflation looms across the
industry, Australia’s economy must deal with
further challenges, including the growing cost
of materials and capacity constraints.
Shortages and constraints

Earlier this year, the demise of construction
contractor Probuild suggested that trouble
could already be afoot. The company was put
into voluntary liquidation in February with
rising costs of labour and materials believed to
have fuelled their collapse.
Gold Coast-based Condev Construction, a
major builder in the south-east Queensland
market, has also appointed liquidators after the
company failed to receive financial support to Reforms aimed
prevent collapse – alongside smaller operators
such as Hotondo Homes Hobart. at improving
This has undoubtedly caused panic in the
sector for the future of other companies. productivity and
Materials shortages have been a critical
concern in the Australian construction innovation could
industry since 2020, in part due to the
increased demand placed on the industry by save billions
HomeBuilder – a government-led initiative to

The construction sector generates over

US$40 billion PHOTO: ADOBESTOCK
support the residential construction sector and

infrastructure projects.
Due to Covid-19-related issues, there are also
significant supply chain problems and price
increases among Australian industries.
The Australian Construction Industry Forum
(ACIF) supports dialogue between residential
and non-residential builders, engineering
construction groups, other industry groups,
and government agencies.
ACIF advocates that greater harmonisation
of Australian standards with international
standards is necessary, to allow more flexibility
and scope of products to enter Australia. It says
that this, in addition to better supply chain
SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S management, is vital.
LARGEST ROAD Infrastructure pipeline
PROJECT The Australian government’s AUD$120
billion (US$85 billion) ten-year infrastructure
The Australian government has investment pipeline aims to enhance
announced that an extra AUD$2.26 transportation and increase employment
billion (US$1.6 billion) will be invested to opportunities. Over AUD$500 million
complete the final stage of Adelaide’s (US$357 million) is set to be distributed to
North-South Corridor, the Torrens to local councils to maintain and deliver priority
Darlington (T2D) project. road and community infrastructure projects say
The 10.5km T2D project is the final the government.
stage of the North-South Corridor. Once “With a record AUD$120 billion investment
complete it will deliver 78km of non-stop in infrastructure, it is incumbent on government
motorway. and industry to ensure taxpayer money is well
The Prime Minister at the time, Scott spent and this means hitting the accelerator on
Morrison, said that the project was, “the industry reform,” says Jon Davies, CEO of the
most significant infrastructure project Australian Constructors Association (ACA).
ever undertaken in South Australia.” “The construction industry has barely
The AUD$9.9 billion (US$7 billion) changed in 30 years and reforms aimed at
project is jointly funded by the Australian improving productivity and innovation could
and South Australian governments on a slash billions off the cost of constructing the
50:50 basis, with construction expected planned infrastructure pipeline and in the
to start in late 2023 and be finished process, help repair the budget bottom line.”
by late 2030. The T2D section is yet to The ACA are calling on the federal government
be procured, but it is estimated to be to require all Commonwealth funded projects
complete in 2030. to be rated on completion on key reform
metrics to drive improved outcomes.
The project will include two tunnels The Future Australian Infrastructure Rating
and a motorway PHOTO: GOVERNMENT FOR (FAIR) is an initiative to bring forward a
AUSTRALIA DEPARTMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE national, consistent approach to implementing
AND TRANSPORT WEBSITE broad industry reforms. Davies said that it will,
“establish a mechanism for monitoring and
rating project performance and verifying value
for money,” as well as sharing of best practices.
He added that,“FAIR provides a mechanism
for the Federal Government to coordinate
and incentivise most of the proposed reforms
in a consistent way across state government
procurement processes without the need for
any major change in existing federal governance
processes or for any increased Commonwealth
involvement.” 

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“Once complete, this state-of-the-art airport

Transportation is at the top of the will be capable of receiving the world’s largest
priority list PHOTO: ADOBESTOCK passenger aircraft, positioning Western Sydney
as an international gateway and providing a
significant economic boost to the region.”
Over in Melbourne, Seymour Whyte has
been awarded the Healesville-Koo Wee Rup
Road upgrade by Major Road Projects Victoria
(MRPV). The project, worth AUD$148
million (US$106 million), involves a 5km
road duplication, two new bridges, and a new
5.5km shared user path.
Starting in early 2022, construction is
scheduled to last for two and a half years.
The upgrade will improve travel times, reduce
congestion, and boost safety for the more than
15,000 drivers that use the route each day.
EMPLOYMENT LEVEL AND PROJECTION
1400 Full steam ahead
The Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC)
Employment level (000's)
has appointed Regionerate Rail – a consortium

1200
Source: Australian Industry and Skills Committee)

comprising Plenary Group, Clough, GS
Engineering and Construction, Webuild and
1000 Service Stream – as the preferred bidder for the
development of the Gowrie to Kagaru section
of Inland Rail. The contract is worth more than
800
AUD$5 billion (US$3.5 billion) for the design
and construction elements.
600 Rebecca Pickering from ARTC said, “This
landmark agreement puts billions of dollars
Construction 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 in stimulus, jobs, and long-term economic
growth on the table for Queensland.
“Through construction, Inland Rail is
Transportation is essential been undertaken on this once-in-a-generation expected to support more than 11,800 jobs
The federal government highlighted in their project, with more than 23 million cubic and deliver an AUD$7.8 billion (US$5.4
budget that transportation was a significant metres of earth having been moved, with billion) boost to the state’s economy during
investment for 2022-23 as part of their broader construction now ready to commence on the construction and the over the forward
strategy to reduce congestion and better 3.7km runway,” said Minister Fletcher. operations.” 
connect regions.
Seymour Whyte, an Australian subsidiary
of Vinci Construction, has been awarded two
new contracts that will enhance air and road
AHERN AUSTRALIA SIGNS AUSA DEAL
networks across the country. Ahern Group, the parent company of Ahern Rentals, Snorkel and Xtreme Manufacturing, has
In Sydney, the company has won a contract signed an agreement with all-terrain industrial vehicle manufacturer Ausa to distribute its
for landside civil and building works for the dumpers, all-terrain forklifts, and telehandlers in Australia.
future Western Sydney International (Nancy- The company said this means that the two companies have joined forces to consolidate
Bird Walton) Airport, which is on track to their presence in the country and increase their market share over the coming years.
open in 2026, when it will serve up to ten Ahern Rentals has been one of Ausa’s customers since 2020, acquiring all-terrain vehicles
million passengers annually. for the US rental market. Additionally,
The works, worth approximately AUD$380 Ahern Group has a machinery distribution
million (US$273 million), include the business line, Diamond A Equipment,
integration of the new M12 motorway, which which is also a dealer of Ausa’s dumpers
will link the airport to the Sydney motorway and all-terrain forklifts for the states of
network, and the airport’s two metro stations. California and Nevada.
Minister for Communications, Urban “Joining forces represents a major
Infrastructure, Cities and the Arts, Paul strategic step for us,” said MD of Ahern
Fletcher, said the AUD$5.3 billion (US$3.7 Australia Glenn Martin. “Ausa’s range of
billion) Commonwealth-funded airport was dumpers, all-terrain forklifts and compact
rapidly taking shape, with the entire project telehandlers perfectly complements our
30% completed. portfolio of products.”
“A significant amount of work has already

The section between Gowrie and Kagaru will

be approximately 128km of new and upgraded AUSTRALIAN INSIGHT FROM TONY
rail track. Being delivered as a public-private
partnership (PPP), the contract will also
SYMONS, GENERAL MANAGER, Tony Symons
include a 25-year maintenance phase after the COMMERCIAL, KENNARDS HIRE
completion of the section between Gowrie to
Kagaru. How has Covid-19 affected the access market in Australia?
A spokesperson for Australian Rail Australia, like the rest of the world, saw strict lockdown requirements due to the
Track Corporation, said, “The Australian pandemic, causing many sectors including tourism, hospitality, and the events industry
Government is investing up to AUD$14.5 to face multiple economic blows. In comparison, sectors such as mining, agriculture and
billion (US$10.1 billion) in equity for ARTC construction were relatively resilient.
to build Inland Rail, in partnership with the The pandemic was a major driver for accelerated digital transformation and adoption,
private sector. with many businesses rapidly innovating to overcome challenges and take advantage
“Inland Rail is expected to deliver an of new opportunities and ways of working. For example, Kennards Hire was the first
economic boost of more than AUD$18 billion equipment hire company in Australia to offer contactless, ‘click and collect’ hire.
(US$12.9 billion) GDP during construction More broadly, improved utilisation of existing IoT and digital infrastructure became a
and the first 50 years of operation and once priority, as access to hire branches and construction site visits were limited.
operational, it will become part of ARTC’s Australia’s skilled trade labour shortage is providing a lot of pressure on the construction
freight rail network and complete the missing industry, as is the general increase in all costs, including fuel.
link in Australia’s supply chain.” Projects are still trying to catch up on the back-log of demand following the disruptions
of the pandemic, and it’s expected that due to ongoing supply chain challenges, cost
Skills shortage pressures and building material shortages are likely to continue throughout 2022 and 2023.
The skills shortage is something that the
industry has become familiar with, and What is the access market currently like in Australia?
Australia is no exception. We have seen the access market develop and grow across multiple decades. Looking to the
The number of vacancies across the future, we predict that Australia will see access innovate further to accommodate for the
construction industry has increased by 80% huge demand for housing and infrastructure.
since February 2020, says Arcadis in their For example, we anticipate a continued growth in the carrying capacity for baskets and
Australia Construction Market View of loads to deal with the overwhelming size and frequency of new projects coming through
Summer 2022. the pipeline. However, as global climate events are becoming more common place, we are
Australia’s Covid-19 measures were also seeing customers prioritise sustainability. We predict a decline in access equipment
stringent in comparison to the rest of the world. with higher-spec diesel engines. We see decision makers moving towards equipment with
Borders were only opened to international a lower carbon footprint, such as solar powered and hybrid equipment.
visitors this year and it is likely to have impacted
the level of migrant workers entering the Are supply chain issues a challenge?
country. At the moment, we are experiencing supplier shortages and excessively long lead-time for
The Industry Outlook 2021-2022: For product delivery, so we are continually assessing and predetermining when our fleet needs
Queensland’s Construction Industry states to be replaced with ample time to ensure we always have the right equipment on hand to
that migrants add nearly 10,000 workers make our customers’ jobs easy. On the other hand, the supply chain challenges to obtain
to southeast Queensland’s construction new equipment have instigated a spike in demand for more circular and accessible options
industry each year. The pandemic would have such as hiring.
dramatically slowed the flow of migrants,
capping the availability of skilled labour.
According to the Market Capacity Report workforce twice the size of the supply currently levy schemes operate. The money collected
published by Infrastructure Australia last available within their borders. through the levy is available to cover training
year, there is likely to be a peak of 105,000 Interestingly, the Australian Industry and costs for workers in the industry.
unfulfilled roles in construction by mid-2023. Skills Committee highlights that the cost of The industry demonstrates an enthusiasm to
Victoria, Queensland, and Tasmania are training employees is applied as a portion of the train new workers, but this takes time. Many
anticipated to be the worst-hit States. The cost of a construction project, although there infrastructure projects require labour urgently
report further suggests that they will require a are variations between the States as to how the and will rely on skilled workers opting to move
into the sector.
The outlook for construction remains positive
despite several challenges. Recent data from
Arcadis suggests that new orders confirm the
market is still healthy and is being driven by
an increase in activity within the infrastructure
sector. Investment from the federal government
is significant and provides reassurance – getting
the right materials and number of workers to
Vinci’s subsidiary has been awarded two new contracts in Australia PHOTO: VINCI complete the jobs could well be the industry’s
biggest issues. iC

ECONOMIC OUTLOOK AUSTRALIA
Construction will see solid

growth, but with a new
government elected more
policy details are needed to
see what their plans mean
for the industry, says Scott
Hazelton from IHS Markit
A
ustralia will see above-trend real monetary policy tightening. Built-up savings New government’s plans
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) provide a buffer for consumer spending in the The latest development for the country is the
growth at 3.5% in 2022 on the near term with private consumption increasing election of a Labor government. We expect
strength of commodity prices. Economic 3.7% in 2022. Yet, disposable income erosion the new government to maintain much of the
growth in 2022 will be supported by a return from high inflation, combined with high proposed budget, although details were scarce
to some sort of normalcy from Covid thanks household debt levels, plateauing home in the campaign. The largest potential for
to high vaccination rates, as well as the prices in major cities, and the threat of rising altered priorities is with energy infrastructure.
broader reopening of international borders to interest rates will encourage spending restraint Labor campaigned on cutting 2030 carbon
vaccinated visitors in late February 2022. resulting in real private consumption growth emissions by 43% from 2005 levels, while
Significant demand for Australian of just 3.2% for 2023 and slower growth for boosting spending on renewable energy and
commodities exports such as coal, liquefied residential construction. driving demand for electric vehicles via tax
natural gas, iron ore, and cereal crops in the The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) raised incentives and development of community-
wake of the Russian-Ukrainian war will also be its policy interest rate by 25 basis points to owned solar power and battery projects.
supportive of growth and real export growth 0.35% in May. IHS Markit expects a front- The combined effort would expand
(goods and services) of 8% in 2022. loaded approach to monetary policy tightening renewable generation to 26GW by 2030 and
The pipeline of dwelling approvals from the in response to inflationary pressures with the push electric vehicle sales to nearly 90% of
government’s HomeBuilder program, stronger- policy rate reaching 1.25% by September 2022. new car sales by 2030. Accomplishing this
than-expected non-dwelling construction The bank will then space out further rate will require a US$14.2 billion investment
activity, and robust equipment spending hikes as it gauges overall inflation and economic to upgrade the electric utility grid to handle
bolstered fixed investment growth in 2021. conditions. Also pressuring the RBA to move new renewable capacity, as well as US$140
The pipeline of residential work is at risk sooner on policy tightening is the upside million for community battery projects and
of stalling from skilled labour shortages and surprise in inflationary pressures stemming US$70 million for ‘solar banks’. Separately,
high input costs. Additionally, the pace of from the Russia-Ukraine war, price adjustments allowable emissions from large mining and
machinery and equipment spending in 2021 from government agencies/policies, and energy companies are likely to be tightened,
is unsustainable in 2022, resulting in real fixed mounting domestic price pressures. This, creating additional construction potential via
investment growth slowing from 9.2% in 2021 combined with low unemployment, will likely renovations to facilities.
to 2.1% in 2022. result in Australian inflation holding above the Residential construction is particularly
Consumer confidence has slipped with RBA’s target through the end of 2022, and sensitive to interest rates, material prices and
surging prices and the potential for accelerated annual average inflation of 4.4% for 2022. consumer confidence and could contract
modestly next year. Office construction also
looks to be weak in 2023 as companies assess
OUTLOOK FOR KEY CONSTRUCTION TYPES space needs in the wake of the pandemic.
(PERCENT CHANGE, REAL 2015 US$) The greatest challenge is to the commercial
15% sector. While the hospitality industry offers
potential as it recovers from its deep pandemic
10%
slump, the large retail sector will be a hindrance
5% to growth as e-commerce consumes an ever-
larger share of spending and conventional store
0%
growth falls. Institutional structures fare the
-5% best in 2023, although at reduced growth rates.
Infrastructure also sees growth in 2023, but
-10%
at reduced levels. There is some potential for a
-15% stronger outlook as Labor introduces its energy
Source: IHS Marklit
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 program. Even so, it will take time for new
initiatives to turn into actual groundbreaking.
■ Total construction ■ Residential ■ Infrastructure ■ Structures ■ Office ■ Commercial ■ Institutional ■ Industrial Australia’s construction manufacturing
sector represents about 20% of non-residential

ECONOMIC OUTLOOK AUSTRALIA
CONSTRUCTION OUTLOOK FOR DETAILED INDUSTRIES Established in 1959, IHS is the leading source
(COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH, REAL 2015 US$) of information, insight and analytics in critical
areas that shape today’s business landscape.
Other Businesses and governments in more than
Food processing 150 countries around the globe rely on the
Electrical and electronic products comprehensive content, expert independent
Chemicals analysis and flexible delivery methods of IHS
to make high-impact decisions and develop
Transportational equipment
strategies with speed and confidence.
Petroleum refining Headquartered in Colorado, US, IHS employs
Communications about 8,800 people in 32 countries.
Utilities
Total industrial
■ 2025-30
■ 2020-25
■ 2015-20 -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
structural spending. It also offers some of the petroleum-based activity will remain to support the next couple of years. Australia’s non-
greatest shifts in priorities over the medium to the chemical industry, which will see growth. residential structural spending is tied not
long term. Overall, manufacturing will become Transportation equipment investment has a just to domestic demand, but global output.
less important to the construction economy as very strong near term, but may tail off as plants Total real construction spending is expected
the rate of growth recedes over the next decade, complete transition to EVs with fewer parts. to continue its post-Covid rebound, growing
falling to only about 12% of non-residential Communications sees a dramatic change to its 3.5% in 2022. However, tighter monetary and
structures. Utilities will be a long-term winner outlook over time. This is partly a function of fiscal policy, combined with uncertainty in key
as Australia works toward a net zero economy. massive investments made into telecommuting export markets suggest that 2023 could see
As energy independence is achieved, and as during Covid lockdowns, but it also reflects the minimal growth, projected at just 0.3%. If the
the rest of the world also moves away from expansion of broadband services in general. myriad issues impacting the global economy
hydrocarbons, refining becomes less important The outlook for construction is generally see resolution over 2023, solid growth at 4.2%
with consequently reduced investment. Some positive, although volatility is likely over can be expected in 2024. iC
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YELLOW TABLE
Construction equipment
sales for the world’s top
50 OEMs have bounced
back from the pandemic
to hit record levels
T
he headline figure from this year’s Yellow
Table, which collates construction
equipment sales for the world’s top 50
original equipment manufacturers (OEMs),
is eye-catching – sales for the 50 OEMs was
US$232.7 billion. This is the highest figure
ever recorded on the Yellow Table and an
increase of 20.8% compared to last year.
This is not surprising when, according to
industry experts Off-Highway Research, US$202.7 billion. Sales were always going and the reason for this was the extremely
almost 1.2 million pieces of construction to bounce back following the removal (in strong sales that took place in China. In 2021
equipment were sold in 2021. This is a 9% most countries) of lockdown restrictions, the sales in China declined slightly, but the other
increase from the number sold in 2020 and is question was by how much. The answer: a lot. major markets in the world, such as Europe
the highest ever recorded. This increase is arguably more impressive and North America, all enjoyed strong years.
For some context, sales in last year’s Yellow (and perhaps sustainable) given that the This growth is well illustrated by industry
Table totalled US$191.5 billion. This occurred growth is spread out around the world. Last giant Caterpillar – occupying its customary
in a year dominated by the impact of Covid-19 year’s table, despite taking place during a position at the top of the table. Last year the
and was a decline from the previous year’s global pandemic, only saw a decline of 5.5% company’s construction and resources division
METHODOLOGY SHARE OF YELLOW TABLE REVENUES

Positions in the Yellow Table are based The information below indicates that revenues have decreased in Asia from last year’s
on sales in the 2021 calendar year in US 52.1% of the total amount generated to 50.2%. This is to be expected – during the worst of
Dollars. Currencies have been converted Covid-19 most major markets around the world saw declines, except China. In this year’s
to Dollars based on the average exchange Yellow Table OEMs from other countries have recovered and recorded more growth.
rate over the course of 2021 to try and North America enjoyed a slight increase from 22.3% to 23.2%, helped by the strong
ensure fairness. Data was gathered from showing of Caterpillar, the world’s largest OEM by sales, and John Deere. Europe saw a
a variety of sources including audited marginal increase from last year’s percentage of 25.2% to 26.3% and has three companies
accounts, company statements and in the top ten: Volvo CE at six, Liebherr at eight and Sandvik at ten.
reputable third-party sources. Please note that these figures represent the revenues of the companies listed on the
In Japan, India, and certain other Yellow Table, and are therefore not representative of the revenues generated within the
countries, the use of the fiscal year regions themselves or individual countries as a whole.
(ending 31 March) has made it impossible
to establish calendar year information. In BY COUNTRY BY REGION
these cases, fiscal year results were used. LAST THIS
In some cases International Construction YEAR YEAR RoW 0.2%
has made an estimate of revenues based CHINA 25.0% 24.2%
on historical data and industry trends. US 21.9% 22.9%
Where this has occurred, it has been JAPAN 22.0% 21.2%
Europe North
clearly marked with two asterixs. 26.3% America
SWEDEN 9.7% 10.0%
While every effort has been taken 23.2%
to ensure information in this report is GERMANY 5.6% 5.7%
accurate, International Construction SOUTH KOREA 4.9% 4.6%
does not accept any liability for errors or FINLAND 3.0% 3.2%
omissions. If you would like to comment UK 2.1% 2.6% Asia
on the Yellow Table, or feel your company FRANCE 2.0% 2.0% 50.2%
should be included, please e-mail the
ITALY 1.3% 1.6%
editor at: andy.brown@khl.com
AUSTRIA 0.9% 0.9%

YELLOW TABLE
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT MINI OR MIDI COMPACT OR
COUNTRY
SALES (US$ SHARE OF BACKHOE EXCAVATORS SKID-STEER POWERED TELESCOPIC
2022 2021 CHANGE COMPANY MILLION) TOTAL LOADERS (0 - 13 T) LOADERS ACCESS HANDLERS CRANES
1 1 - Caterpillar US 32,069 13.8% ● ● ● ●
2 2 - Komatsu JP 25,318 10.9% ● ● ● ●
3 3 - XCMG** CN 18,101 7.8% ● ● ● ● ● ●
4 4 - Sany** CN 16,048 6.9% ● ● ●
5 6 +1 John Deere US 11,368 4.9% ● ● ●
6 7 +1 Volvo Construction Equipment SE 10,721 4.6% ● ●
7 5 -2 Zoomlion** CN 10,403 4.5% ● ●
8 9 +1 Liebherr DE 9,466 4.1% ● ●
9 8 -1 Hitachi Construction Machinery* JP 8,876 3.8% ● ● ●
10 11 +1 Sandvik Mining and Rock SE 7,272 3.1%
Technology
11 13 +2 JCB** UK 6,000 2.6% ● ● ● ●
12 12 - Metso Outotec FIN 5,320 2.3%
13 14 +1 Epiroc SE 5,317 2.3%
14 NEW Doosan Bobcat KR 4,615 2.0% ● ● ● ●
15 15 - Liugong** CN 4,055 1.7% ● ● ● ●
16 17 +1 Terex US 3,886 1.7% ● ● ● ● ● ●
17 18 +1 Kubota JP 3,550 1.5% ●
18 16 -2 Kobelco Construction Machinery* JP 3,355 1.4% ● ●
19 10 -9 Hyundai Doosan Infracore KR 3,265 1.4% ● ● ●
20 20 - Oshkosh Access Equipment (JLG) US 3,094 1.3% ● ●
21 22 +1 CNH Industrial IT 3,081 1.3% ● ● ● ●
22 19 -3 Sumitomo Heavy Industries* JP 2,963 1.3% ● ●
23 21 -2 Hyundai Construction Equipment KR 2,800 1.2% ● ● ●
24 25 +1 Manitou Group FR 2,218 1.0% ● ● ● ●
25 24 -1 Wacker Neuson DE 2,205 0.9% ● ● ●
26 26 - Palfinger AT 2,176 0.9% ● ●
27 23 -4 Lonking** CN 2,121 0.9% ● ●
28 30 +2 Hiab FIN 2,024 0.9% ●
29 27 -2 Tadano JP 1,872 0.8% ● ●
30 28 -2 Fayat Group FR 1,755 0.8%
31 29 -2 Manitowoc US 1,720 0.7% ●
32 31 -1 Sunward CN 1,672 0.7% ● ●
33 32 -1 Shantui CN 1,419 0.6% ●
34 34 - Takeuchi JP 1,247 0.5% ● ●
35 33 -2 Astec Industries US 1,097 0.5%
36 NEW CRCHI CN 1,072 0.5%
37 35 -2 Ammann** CH 1,062 0.5%
38 36 -2 Skyjack** CA 859 0.4% ● ●
39 40 +1 Bauer DE 803 0.3%
40 46 +6 Dingli CN 764 0.3% ●
41 43 +2 Sennebogen** DE 709 0.3% ●
42 38 +4 Lovol** CN 657 0.3%
43 39 -4 Furukawa** JP 625 0.3% ●
44 48 +4 Merlo** IT 610 0.3% ● ●
45 42 -3 Haulotte Group FR 585 0.3% ● ●
46 44 -2 Bell Equipment ZA 542 0.2%
47 45 -2 Yanmar** JP 526 0.2% ●
48 37 -11 Kato Works* JP 518 0.2% ● ● ●
49 41 -8 Aichi* JP 515 0.2% ●
50 47 -3 BEML* IN 469 0.2%
* - fiscal year, ended March 31st 2021 ** - estimate

YELLOW TABLE
DOZERS/ COMPACTION/
CONCRETE CRAWLER ROAD EXCAVATORS WHEELED RIGID DRILLING/ BREAKERS & CRUSHING &
EQUIPMENT LOADERS BUILDING GRADERS (13T+) LOADERS ADTS HAULERS FOUNDATIONS ATTACHMENTS SCREENING WEBSITE
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● www.caterpillar.com
● ● ● ● ● ● ● www.komatsu.com
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● www.xcmg.com
● ● ● ● ● ● ● www.sany.com.cn
● ● ● ● ● ● ● www.deere.com
● ● ● ● ● www.volvo.com
● ● ● ● www.zoomlion.com
● ● ● ● ● ● www.liebherr.com
● ● ● ● ● www.hitachi-c-m.com
● ● ● www.sandvik.com
● ● ● www.jcb.com
● www.metso.com
● ● ● www.epiroc.com
● www.doosanbobcat.com
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● www.liugong.com
● ● ● www.terex.com
www.kubota.co.jp
● www.kobelcocm-global.com
● ● ● ● www.hyundai-di.com
www.jlg.com
● ● ● ● ● ● www.cnh.com
● ● www.shi.co.jp
● ● ● www.hhi.co.kr
● www.manitou.com
● ● www.wackerneuson.com
www.palfinger.com
● ● ● ● www.lonkinggroup.com
www.hiab.com
www.tadano.co.jp
● ● www.fayat-group.com
www.manitowoc.com
● ● ● www.sunward.cn
● ● ● ● ● ● ● www.shantui.com
www.takeuchi-mfg.co.jp
● ● ● www.astecindustries.com
● ● www.cccme.cn
● ● www.ammann-group.ch
www.skyjack.com
● www.bauer.de
en.cndingli.com
● www.sennebogen.de
www.lovol.com
● ● ● www.furukawakk.co.jp
www.merlo.com
www.haulotte.com
● ● www.bell.co.za
www.yanmar.co.jp
● www.kato-works.co.jp
www.aichi-corp.co.jp
● ● ● ● ● www.bemlindia.com

YELLOW TABLE
had sales of US$24.8 billion. In this year’s

table that climbs to US$32 billion, a figure
TOP TEN COMPANY SHARES
very close to its last pre-pandemic result. Others 35.1%
The story is similar with second-placed Caterpillar 13.9%
Komatsu, which saw sales rise from US$19.9 Komatsu 11.0%
billion to US$25.3 billion. Thus, just the top XCMG 7.9%
two OEMs alone recorded increased sales Sany 7.0%
of US$12.6 billion. This goes some way to John Deere 4.9%
explaining the 20.8% rise in the table this year. Volvo Construction Equipment 4.7%
Third placed XCMG sees a smaller increase Zoomlion 4.5%
in sales as did Sany in fourth position – not Liebherr 4.1%
surprising as both are based in China. John Hitachi Construction Machinery* 3.9%
Deere climbs to fifth with sales of US$11.3 Sandvik Mining and Rock Technology 3.2%
billion, a strong rise from last year.
Elsewhere in the top ten, Volvo Construction
Equipment are up a place to sixth, followed by group, of which Hyundai Construction
China’s Zoomlion. Liebherr are up to eighth Equipment is also a subsidiary. Doosan Bobcat
position and Hitachi fall to ninth. Sandvik is continuing to operate as an independent put them at number seven on this year’s list.
is a new entry into the top ten – perhaps not business as part of Hyundai Doosan Infracore In terms of movement up and down, this
surprising given that in 2021 the company – the company’s majority stake in Doosan year’s Yellow Table is fairly stationary. One
acquired 14 businesses. Bobcat was not included as part of the sale. of the biggest movers is China-based Dingli,
This means that Doosan Bobcat is listed as up from 46 to 40. The access equipment
Big changes a ‘new entry’ having previously been included manufacturer was a new entry on the list
One of the biggest changes in this year’s Yellow with Doosan Infracore. Doosan Bobcat are last year, so have experienced an extremely
Table is due to Hyundai Heavy Industries’ at number 14 on the table, Hyundai Doosan strong two years. China Railway Construction
purchase of Doosan Infracore. Doosan Infracore are at 19 and Hyundai Construction Corporation (CRCC) is a new entry, going
Infracore became Hyundai Doosan Infracore equipment are at 23. Out of interest, the straight in at number 36. The company
and a subsidiary of the new Hyundai Genuine combined sales of the three companies would produces smart tunnelling equipment and
railway track systems. Hidromek just miss out
on being in the top 50.
SALES BOUNCE BACK FROM PANDEMIC What does the future hold?
As the world – mostly – emerged from lockdowns due to the Covid-19 pandemic it was In the short term, probably a slight decline.
to be expected that sales would rise, and this has happened. The extent of this increase is Many OEMs have reported that order books
perhaps more surprising, bringing the Yellow Table to its highest ever total. The increase of for 2022 are full, and so sales will remain at a
20.8% is even more impressive when taken in the context that last year’s table only saw a high level. Countries around the world are still
5.5% drop from what was, at that point, the highest figure ever recorded. investing heavily into infrastructure schemes.
For the short term, at least, we expect the sales figure of the Yellow Table to remain China, the world’s biggest market for
strong, if at a reduced level. Many OEMs report that their order books are full and construction equipment, had a quiet year in
governments are continuing to invest in large scale infrastructure projects. Construction, 2021 but global sales still grew. Much depends
thus far, has dealt admirably well with all the issues that have been thrown at it – a on the Chinese market – at the moment Off
global pandemic, lack of skilled workers, shortage of materials, rising prices and others. Highway Research predicts another decline in
Whether it can carry on dealing with these, alongside rising inflationary pressures and an Chinese sales in 2022, but only a small one.
increasingly fractured global political and security outlook, remains to be seen. The Yellow Even if next year’s Yellow Table sees a fall,
Table of the next few years may need to go down before it goes back up again. it will be from a record level. Longer term,
though, there are clouds on the horizon:
250 40% stretched supply chains, rising costs, lack of
availability of materials, Russia’s invasion of
30%
200
Ukraine and increasing inflation.
20% With sales being so strong recently there
are lots of young machines in fleets; if work
150 10%
does slow down then not investing in new
0% equipment is an easy decision.
100 The likelihood is that the next Yellow Table
-10%
will be one of the biggest ever – what happens
-20% after that is more difficult and nebulous to
50
predict. One thing the last few years has
-30%
shown, though, is how robust construction is.
0 -40% The sector may be better placed than most to
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 withstand whatever economic and geopolitical
REVENUE – US$ BILLION % GROWTH headwinds it faces. iC

Licence to drill
LB 45
Deep foundation machines

– High availability and long service-life due to robust equipment technology
– Low emission and high efficiency thanks to intelligent drive systems
– Operating comfort through innovative control concept
– Matching working tools ensure excellent productivity
– Optimized construction processes thanks to comprehensive consultation
Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH • 6710 Nenzing, Österreich • Phone +43 50809 41-473
foundation.equipment@liebherr.com • facebook.com/liebherrConstruction • www.liebherr.com
HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION
P
otentially costly and not without
significant risk, impressive high-rise
projects are nevertheless in demand,
with urbanisation one of the world’s biggest
trends and more and more of the population
living in urban areas.
The safety of workers whilst working at
height is imperative. The sector continues
to develop innovative solutions to minimise
challenges with tower cranes and falsework and
formwork, making some of the most ambitious
projects possible. High-rise projects are seen on horizons across the globe
The Middle East is home to some of the
world’s tallest high-rise buildings and there is and show no signs of slowing down, says Catrin Jones
an increasing desire to build better and bigger.
The well-known Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United City, a commercial and residential project of Jeddah Economic Company said in a press
Arab Emirates, is for now the world’s tallest featuring homes, hotels, and offices. However, release that, “construction work is moving at an
building but the Kingdom Tower in Jeddah, despite starting construction in 2013, the accelerated pace and by the highest construction
Saudi Arabia is set to surpass it – if it is ever tower is still incomplete. As with many high- standards using the most advanced techniques.”
completed. rise projects, financial issues and building Due to labour issues with a contractor as a
It is planned that the 1km high tower will challenges have plagued the project. result of the Saudi Arabian Purge, the mass
become the focal point of Jeddah Economic Back in 2014, Mounib Hammoud, CEO arrest of several prominent figures in Saudi
The use of offsite construction

is evolving beyond assembling
small 2D elements

Arabia, structural concrete Super-tall infrastructure can be seen 81-storey building will be the first super-tall
work on the tower was halted across the entirety of the skyline in Dubai, tower in Dubai’s uptown district.
– leaving only one-third built. UAE. High-rise construction projects are Besix Group’s in-house design office
Reports on the status of developing in the desert with a speed and contributed to geotechnical and structural
the tower are limited and it is scale incomparable to other cities. According studies, the development of BIM models, the
unknown whether to a journal paper from the Council on Tall design and construction of the façade, and the
it will be completed Buildings and Urban Habitat, the average development of planning and methods.
after it surpassed its height of the 100 tallest buildings in Dubai is
expected completion 265.9m. Striving for sustainability
date in 2020. Earlier this year, Besix Group completed Not all high-rise projects strive to be the tallest;
the concrete work on for some, the focus is on sustainability. An
the Dubai Uptown increase in tall buildings means an increase in
Tower – which has energy consumption and greater consideration
reached its peak of the impact it has on the environment.
of 329m, with Green space is limited in urban areas and
the final building upwards used to mean a lack of
height of outdoor space. Ulma recently developed
340m due specialised formwork systems for a 120m
to be reached high skyscraper in Warsaw, Poland, for a new
in autumn building that will feature green areas the size
2022. The of two football pitches and terraces around the
whole perimeter.
High-rise Over in London, England, Skanska UK
projects has signed a £235 million (US$295 million)
can be seen construction contract for a new 16-storey
on skylines ‘ultra-sustainable’ commercial building in the
across the city centre.
world Designed to “foster the health and wellbeing
PHOTO: of its end users” by architects KPF and Henning
ADOBESTOCK Larsen, the community-focused structure will 

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method to be beneficial in both the Hotel Bella

Sky in Copenhagen, Denmark, and Travelodge,
250 City Road in London, England.
In a short insights and solutions column,
Shonn Mills, global director of high-rise
at Ramboll wrote that, “The use of offsite
construction is evolving beyond assembling
small 2D elements.
“We are now prefabricating full 3D modular
building components from bathroom pods
A focus on green space encourages to full hotel rooms or apartments. We are
sustainability in high-rise construction currently trying to challenge the upper limits
PHOTO: DBOX FOR BENTALL GREEN OAK for modular high-rise, and we are developing
prototypes for a full 3D modular high-rise.”
Ramboll has made a multi-million Euro
investment into Vu.City – a digital platform
END OF THE HIGH RISE IN CHINA? that can create data-driven visuals of cities to
aid the decision-making process.
China is the supertall skyscraper capital of the world, but new rules announced by the The digital twin is becoming a favoured tool
central government last year suggest that this era may be coming to an end. in the planning stages for other infrastructure
The rules from China’s National Development and Reform Commission prohibit the projects and can be influential in previewing
approval of any new buildings taller than 500m (1,640 feet), strictly limit buildings taller future high-rise projects against their existing
than 250m (820 feet), and require that any building taller than 100m (328 feet) match the neighbours.
spatial scale of the city and comply with local fire and rescue capabilities. Ramboll COO Michael Simmelsgaard, added
“While China ranks top in terms of that, “City-wide digital twin technologies
total number and annual growth rate are a crucial tool to support the development
of supertall buildings, issues such as of sustainable, resilient and liveable cities…
costs, energy consumption, safety, and Tech-enabled consulting and joint technology
environmental impact have become an platforms drive more informed decision
increasing concern,” deputy minister of making and accelerate productivity.”
the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development Yan Huang is reported to Increasing health and safety
have said in a press conference after the High-rise projects would not be able to fulfil
new rules had been revealed. their potential without tower cranes. Cities
After the announcement, a series of are becoming bigger – and taller – as countries
ongoing projects were forced to revise continue to build upwards, which demands
their original designs, such as the height of greater lifting capabilities.
the Wuhan Chow Tai Fook Financial Centre Tower cranes have not typically been at the
being reduced from 648m to 475m. forefront of innovation and rely on proper
maintenance and repair throughout their 
feature a central ‘Village Square’ at street level

and provide 30,000 square feet of green space
and terracing.
“The project will pioneer innovations
in sustainability to create a healthy, green
building fit for the future. It will focus on
carbon reduction through attention to detail at
every stage – from material selection, and site
operating efficiencies to modern methods of
construction,” said Skanska UK.
Modular construction is gaining popularity
across the industry as companies realise the
efficiency and cost-saving benefits – the high- BKL’s project
rise sector is also becoming an advocate. in Wolfsburg,
Not only is the method seen to be cheaper Germany
because it reduces construction times but it PHOTO: BKL
also requires fewer workers. Ramboll found this

lifespan. Despite this, a drive for a higher based Active Crane Hire specialises in supplying
degree of health and safety has pushed the cranes to the small to medium size section of
development of tower crane technology. the construction market.
Crane decks are often used to increase site Innovation and safety are at the forefront
safety and provide workers with a robust of tower cranes and their role in high-rise
platform for material handling – making them construction. Hermann Buchberger, director
excellent when working at height. Australia- of Active Crane, said, “We want to lead
the market by introducing innovation with
everything we do and so we have launched a
range of hydraulically operating loading decks.
We are marketing the range as Active Crane
Deck.
“The extending of the deck is managed by
a hydraulic cylinder which is under the deck. Residential development in Tengah,
With the deck fully extended the cylinder is at Singapore, using Jaso J1400 and J800.48
3m. The concept is uncomplicated and the sizes cranes PHOTO: JASO
we are offering to seem to be where the demand
will be in the market and what the construction cranes and wherever possible they are making
PHOTO: PASCHAL companies are used to.” the sites safer for the construction workers,”
Buchberger added.
Better utilisation from cranes Health and safety in the tower crane market
ELECTRIC The company’s hydraulic loading deck (HLD) for high-rise construction is a key area that
FORMWORKING range includes three models: the first is the
HLD 2200 with 2200 indicating the width of
many companies are choosing to expand
and develop. Liebherr knows that working
Paschal’s formwork has recently been used the deck. The company anticipates releasing from height brings several challenges and has
in electricity pylon foundations to supply the next sizes soon – the HLD2800 and the adapted its tower cranes to support building
security and grid stability for a clean HLD3200. in dense areas. A spokesperson from Liebherr
energy transition project in Germany. “Everywhere in the world, construction sites said, “HC-L cranes from Liebherr are used
The link, approximately 230km in length, are looking for better utilisation from site in the construction of high-rise buildings. A
will increase the transmission capacity for significant advantage of the luffing jib
wind energy along the North-South axis cranes is that several cranes can be easily
and will, in future, assure supply security A Jaso crane working on PPVC modular erected in a small area.
and network stability in Lower Saxony and residential units “Due to the low slewing radius,
North Hessen says Paschal. PHOTO: JASO overslewing of neighbouring properties
Paschal produced additional circular is avoided. A reliable climbing system is
formwork elements. These supplement also important for economical and safe
the existing Paschal circular formwork crane operation. The 16 EC 240 and 355
elements from batch four. IC tower sections fulfil the requirements
To enable formwork to be installed for space-saving, safe and easy internal
during batch three without a tower crane, climbing. Stiff tower systems are
Paschal said the dimensions needed to be important to reduce deflection and get
carefully matched to fit. high overstanding heights.”
In addition to this, Liebherr sees new
assistance systems helping to increase
health and safety and will be a step forward
in automation. “The intelligent Litronic crane
control system on HC-L cranes of Liebherr
helps to ensure that the crane is controlled
efficiently and safely. It can quickly adapt to
the personal requirements of the crane operator
and those of the construction site,” added a
Liebherr spokesperson.
Health and safety is also at the forefront of
formwork. Doka is currently working on what
will be the tallest residential building in Canada 
Several 190 HC-L 8/16 of Liebherr

were used for the construction of the
three-tower LYFE business complex in
the Bnei Brak industrial zone in Israel
PHOTO: LIEBHERR

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THOMAS TURTON SEPTEMBER 2020 Vol 59 No 7
A LEADING MANUFACTURER OF TOOLS

FOR MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED YEARS
A KHL Group publication
www.khl.com
Mixing
CONTRACTORS’ TOOLS technology
P36
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
Asia Pacific
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INTERVIEWS
Jacobs:
Ken Gilmartin
P34
JULY-AUGUST 2019 | No 4
Metso
www.khl.com Outotec:
Unmanned
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aerial
vehicles
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Electric
Reach for the sky:

and hybrid
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ICON 07-08 2019 Technology Front Cover.indd 1 29/07/2019 14:37:02
crane projects P42
n DRILLING EQUIPMENT n REGIONAL REPORT: MIDDLE EAST n QUARRYING AND MINING

DRILLING EQUIPMENT REGIONAL REPORT: MIDDLE EAST QUARRYING AND MINING
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Construction sites
are looking for
better utilisation
from site cranes
at 94 storeys. This project will see the first-time safety feature of having an enclosed working Five Liebherr 542 HC-L 18/36 cranes
use of a 6000 square feet screen (per side) which environment with a minimum of ladders participated in the construction of the
is suspended on two of the mega columns and [using proper stair towers] is booming. Resort World in Las Vegas PHOTO: LIEBHERR
will cover multiple floors for a protected work “There is a global increase of requests for
environment underneath the concrete. safety features and systems – Protection screen will adopt this method shortly,” says Theodor
Hermann Stift, head of global expertise Xclimb60 are becoming mandatory on high- Huitema, area manager for Jaso Cranes.
centre high rise, Doka, says, “Currently, we see rise and super high-rise buildings in more and Government housing projects by the HDB
that the focus is on productivity – so reduction more big cities all over the world,” added Sift. require tower cranes that can comfortably lift
of crane times is very important and crucial heavy PPVC as some components can weigh as
and can be achieved by using self-climbing Modular building much as 35 tons.
formwork. Jaso Cranes have been involved in several “The growing trend towards PPVC,
Making the daily work easier, more efficient large-scale housing projects in Singapore. particularly in Asia, has led to increased requests
and safer is our goal while we are designing the Currently, prefabricated prefinished for cranes with heavy-duty lifting capacities. As
project solutions.” volumetric construction (PPVC) is trending a response to this demand, Jaso designed the
Safety is also a key factor in projects for Doka in the Asian country – especially for Housing J1400; it has an 80-metre-long jib and can lift a
and they see self-climbing platforms growing and Development Board (HDB) projects, maximum load of 64 tons and 10.5 tons at tip
in popularity. “The trend of using self-climbing Singapore’s public housing authority. load,” says Huitema.
platforms to extend the lay-down area and the “It is also looking likely that private projects Over in Germany, BKL – specialists in crane
rental, sales, and service – are busy adapting
solutions to suit the specific needs of a high-rise
INNOVATIVE FORMWORK USED IN NEW YORK project in Wolfsburg, Germany.
A 202 EC-B tower crane is being deployed
Ulma, a concrete formwork and scaffolding company, is providing the formwork, shoring, to help extensively modernise two high-rise
and climbing infrastructure for 30 Front Street, a residential development in New York, US. buildings ‘Don Camillo & Peppone’ and create
The 270-foot-tall development, Olympia a new landmark in the automotive city, home
Dumbo, is around 177,900 square feet. of one of the world’s biggest car plants.
Ulma says that the floor layout is being As an efficient solution for the lifting
done with their Aluminium Modular operations over 60m above the ground, the
Formwork CC-4. Due to the height of the BKL crane specialists configured the tower
building, Ulma recommended Megaframe as crane on a special construction on the roof
the shoring solution. of the ‘Peppone’ high-rise, which is being
Ulma chose their Timber Beam Slab refurbished.
Formwork Enkoflex to accommodate the As technology advances and new methods are
distinctive curvature of the building – from created, projects continue to be built higher and
the cellar to the sixth floor, the slab is curved at a significant rate. There is no doubt that with
with a big diameter. further development of safety practices and
innovations, these trends will only accelerate. iC

ALTERNATIVE POWER SOLUTIONS
A
t the recent Advanced Clean
Transportation Expo in California, US,
the CEO of engine maker Cummins
Tom Linebarger commented on the dominant
future technology for the industry.
“Batteries will win out for passenger cars –
hands down,” he predicted. “Hydrogen looks has established a number of joint ventures
like a better fit for mining trucks…fuel cells
While modern diesel engines and made acquisitions including the electric
are advancing quickly. But hydrogen as a tech firms Brammo and Johnson Matthey
combustible fuel might be more viable soon.
are efficient and clean, the Battery Systems, and hydrogen tech specialist
But we don’t know. We are advancing all of Hydrogenics.
these technologies at the same time.”
road to zero emissions may Cummins also recently announced the
As things stand, this sounds like good sense
as, with developments in both hydrogen and
lead to their demise, reports development of hydrogen combustion
engines, a solution more aligned with its
battery electric power technology moving at
such a pace, it would probably be unwise for a
MIKE HAYES current machine designs and
with the additional benefits
major manufacturer to jump one way or the of reduced complexity and
other just yet. the reuse of appropriate
RANGE OF TECHNOLOGIES
This is not just about which power
solution is the best, it’s also
about which power
solution receives the most
support from
the industry,
is seen as the
most politically
expedient, can
sell itself on being
the cheapest, the most
sustainable, and so on.
With these variables
in mind, Cummins has
recently been investing in
a range of technologies
– from clean diesel to
renewable fuels, from battery
electric to hydrogen fuel cells.
To this end, the company
THE NEW GENERATION

15 LITRE ‘AGNOSTIC’
ENGINE FROM CUMMINS,
CAPABLE OF RUNNING
ON DIESEL/BIO-FUEL,
NATURAL GAS AND HYDROGEN
32 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY MAY-JUNE 2022

REINVENTING THE DRIVETRAIN

At the end of last year, the former CEO of German engine maker Deutz, Dr Frank Hiller, spoke about his company’s
views on alternative power.
He said, “Over the next 20 or 30 years, I think electrification will become more powerful, fulfil more applications.
But for now, I think there will be a mix of technologies. Our competitors are seeing the market in the same way.
Now is not the time to focus on just one technology. You have to have the technology mix.
“We said that we must ‘reinvent the drivetrain’ to be successful in the future. For this we need new skills and
mindsets. So we brought additional people in with special skills in electrification and software. These are the topics
where we are focusing…we have some interesting solutions in these areas.
“Part of this transformation is our work on fuel cells with the Danish company Blue World Technologies [BWT].
STEVE NENDICK, MARKETING It’s a smart combination. It was clear to us that in a first step we should not directly enter the fuel cell value chain.
COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR AT CUMMINS Today, our skills and resources don’t support that. But now we have the exclusive right to sell these technologies for
our gen-set solutions, so it fits well together.
“BWT will continue with development work and we will focus on marketing and worldwide sales.
components for equipment manufacturers. “We were one of the first to announce the hydrogen engine. Since then, a lot of companies have also announced
On the subject of components, Cummins that they will be introducing the same. We don’t want to be first for the sake of being the first. Only when you have
has announced an investment in the a broad product offering will this technology succeed. The technology also needs the hydrogen infrastructure.
powertrain components specialist Meritor, “With more companies going in the same direction, there will be a greater need and pressure to build up the
partly with a view to accelerating its hydrogen infrastructure. The European Union is directing a lot of subsidies to build up the necessary networks.”
development of electrified power solutions.
NO ‘ONE SIZE FITS ALL’ SOLUTION

Steve Nendick, marketing communications
director at Cummins in the UK, recognises,
however, that moving away from diesel
engines won’t happen quickly – and he sees a
more gradual shift as a necessary thing.
“If you look at the diesel emissions standards
we have now, it’s taken us 20 years to get from
Stage I to Stage 5. The EU [in Europe] and DEUTZ BELIEVES
the EPA [Environmental Protection THAT A MIX OF
Agency] in the US, recognised TECHNOLOGIES
that the technology wasn’t IS VITAL
available to go from one
to five overnight, so we’ve
done it in stages. infrastructure. That’s the tough decision going
“I think that’s the THE NEXT GENERATION forward.”
mindset that’s needed in
decarbonisation – to impact OF DIESEL ENGINES HYDROGEN POWER
CO2 in a step-phase – Construction equipment manufacturer JCB
because you can’t jump to WILL BE ABLE TO USE DIESEL, has travelled down a similar road on its
zero overnight.” journey towards a genuine diesel alternative.
He adds, “The next HYDROGEN AND NATURAL GAS However, perhaps more than most of its
generation of diesel engines peers in the construction industry, the British
will be able to use diesel, currently be a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution. company has focused its development efforts
hydrogen and natural gas. He says, “We’re investing in knowledge and towards hydrogen.
We’ve developed what we call capability in all solutions, including battery JCB announced the first hydrogen motor in
an ‘agnostic engine’. Below the power and in hydrogen. the industry, adapting its established engine
cylinder head, it essentially “Our aim is to be the power supplier of the technology with readily available components,
shares a lot of the key future – whatever power source becomes the to combust hydrogen and deliver power in the
components, but the cylinder leading edge for the off-highway industry, same way as a diesel engine.
head and fuel system is then Cummins will have a solution. Of course, the big sell – as opposed to cell –
tailored to which fuel you use.” “The challenge that gives,” he adds, with this technology is that without carbon in
Nendick is adamant that, given “is that it all needs investment – where the fuel, the output is just steam, resulting in
the variables of duty cycle and size and type of local and national governments, and a zero CO2 engine.
machine found in construction, there cannot major organisations will invest money in Daniel Jackson, OEM engine sales and 
MAY-JUNE 2022 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 33

POWER TO
MAXIMIZE
YOUR
PRODUCTIVITY
• 155-326 hp / 116-243 kW
• 1014 lb-ft / 1375 Nm peak torque
• EGR-free with Single Module™ aftertreatment
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applications manager for JCB Power WE’VE HAD

Systems, says, “While the route is clear in
the automotive [market], with electrification NUMEROUS LAUNCHES
being a workable solution, it isn’t necessarily
the complete solution for off-highway. OF ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS,
DUTY CYCLE CHALLENGES AND THEY SIT WELL WITHIN
“We’ve had numerous launches of battery-
electric products, and they sit well within A PARTICULAR POWER RANGE
a particular power range. We’re seeing that
compact machines lend themselves to battery- hour shift or longer.
electric [power]. With lower duty cycles and A machine like this, he says, might
lower usage time, they lend themselves to DANIEL potentially need eight tonnes of batteries to
these battery applications. JACKSON, fulfil its duty cycle requirements – and when
“We realise though that, as you try and scale OEM ENGINE would it be recharged?
up within our product range, you hit the SALES AND Jackson says, “We’ve started to see the
limitation of the technology.” APPLICATIONS realisation of the options within hydrogen
Jackson offers the hypothetical example of MANAGER FOR JCB in general terms, about not only supplying
a 20-tonne excavator, which may be required POWER SYSTEMS the construction and agricultural equipment
to service haulers continuously over an eight- industry, but many other industries with
potential power.
“While you’re developing wind farms, for
example, to produce green energy, green
electricity, now they can also be producing
hydrogen through electrolysis and storing
energy for peak times. It’s a much bigger
picture than just looking at what is the fuel
AN EXAMPLE OF source for the off-highway market – it’s
ZF’S ELECTRIFIED actually a much broader spectrum view of
DRIVETRAIN how we decarbonise all that we do.”
FOR A COMPACT He adds, “Even as we’ve proven out the base
WHEELED LOADER principles of the [hydrogen] engine – talking
IS SHOW IN THIS about having a range of power nodes, having
SCREEN CAPTURE the same efficiency within the same size of
engine, etc – it will take time to get there,
so we’re developing hand-in-hand with the
parts suppliers, the component suppliers…
things like lubricants need to be developed,
because you’re now effectively dealing with 
ALL ROADS INCREASINGLY LEADING

TO CARBON NEUTRALITY
At KHL’s recent New Power Progress Summit, a number of leading powertrain suppliers discussed different
technologies under development, aiming to meet aggressive CO2 neutrality targets in commercial and industrial
equipment applications.
Peter Tepfenhart, product manager for construction machinery, and David Stockbauer-Muhr, head of electric
systems development for Off-Highway Applications at the ZF Off-Highway Business Unit, echoed the sentiment of
other presenters that there was unlikely to be a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution to carbon neutrality.
“In the future, we will have different primary energy sources. On the compact size on up to the mid-size of the
vehicle, we see the battery as the energy source. From a mid-size up to the large vehicle size, we see the fuel cell as
an energy source,” said Tepfenhart. “And parallel to that…we still need to offer solutions for combustion engines,
either the standard diesel as an energy source or alternative synthetic fuels or hydrogen as a fuel.
“We see a clear demand for drop-in solutions in the market, which is a basis for integration of the new drivetrain JCB SAYS ITS HYDROGEN ENGINE WAS
solutions into existing vehicle architectures. We need modular platforms…we have to be able to present and to DEVELOPED USING ESTABLISHED ENGINE
offer scalable and flexible systems with a high degree of reuse.” TECHNOLOGY AND COMPONENTS, COMBUSTING
He gave the example of the same axles being reused with a conventional driveline and an electric drivetrain. HYDROGEN JUST AS A DIESEL ENGINE DOES

JOHN DEERE NOW HAS A MAJORITY STAKE IN

AUSTRIAN FIRM KREISEL ELECTRIC, WHOSE LASER-
WELDED BATTERY SOLUTION INCLUDES SINGLE CELL
FUSING AND CONTROLLED DE-GASING CHANNELS
a steam engine; you potentially have high

emulsification, so the oils need to deal with
that.”
LEVERAGING EXPERTISE
One equipment manufacturer keen to look
more closely at battery technology is John
Deere. Its Power Systems division (JDPS),
seeing the cost of the technology decreasing
and the charging infrastructure growing,
moved to acquire majority ownership of
the Austrian electrification specialist Kreisel
Electric, which develops high-density, high-
durability electric battery modules and packs.
The company has also developed a charging
infrastructure platform specifically for this
patented battery technology. Electric Powertrain, said, “We are heavily
JDPS believes that, utilising Kreisel’s IT’S A BIGGER PICTURE investing in this opportunity to provide our
technology, it can bring together higher customers with differentiated solutions that
energy density, durability, thermal THAN JUST LOOKING AT will ultimately help increase their productivity
management and integrated software that and profitability while providing them with
will allow for the heavier duty cycle of WHAT IS THE FUEL SOURCE FOR the best possible user experience.”
construction equipment. Current solutions for off-road power go
Jennifer Preston, global director John Deere THE OFF-HIGHWAY MARKET beyond hydrogen and battery electric, but
these diesel alternative technologies are
without doubt the frontrunners for the
ATLAS COPCO READY FOR GREEN SHIFT foreseeable future.
IS INFRASTRUCTURE IN PLACE?
While still developing high-performing portable compressors that run on diesel and biofuels, Atlas Copco’s The infrastructure for battery charging is
Portable Air division is convinced its recently released E-Air compressor range has a role to play in construction’s already changing the face of the automotive
energy transformation. industry, and new gigafactories for battery
The division’s president, Bert Derom, said, “The majority of our CO2 emissions come from our products during manufacture are springing up across the world
their time on site. So, concentrating on making them cleaner during their lifecycle is time well spent. to meet the huge demand.
“Our E-Air range of plug-in compressors are the perfect first step in this energy transformation. The majority of A similar roadmap for the electrification
urban sites have access to the electrical grid, and even those that don’t use gensets. Too many of these gensets of construction equipment is clearly an
are working at very low levels of capacity, inefficiently option, but the technology does not
low in fact.” currently lend itself easily to the duty
Derom adds, “Not having a battery pack – which cycles of heavier equipment.
is by far the biggest cost element in modern electric For hydrogen to succeed, questions
construction equipment – means that plug-in electric over whether hydrogen fuel cells
compressors are only modestly more expensive than (powered by electricity) or hydrogen-
ICE powered machines. But such is their lower cost of fuelled engines are the answer will
ownership that this premium is repaid within a handful need to be clarified.
of months. The overarching challenge for both
“Our E-Air H185 compressor working at 75% load of these technologies, of course, is
will, for example, cost €20,000 less to run over the infrastructure. With this in mind,
course of its life than a comparable ICE powered unit it’s hardly surprising that contractors
– cutting 41,400 kg of CO2 in the process. It achieves are reticent about moving away from
this because our electrical motors, at more than 90% diesel – a concern for an industry
efficiency, leave diesel engines’ 35% efficiency in the that is now more willing than ever
dust, and electricity is far cheaper than diesel.” before to ‘go green’. CT
36 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY MAY-JUNE 2022

NEW POWER HYDROGEN
Liebherr is developing hydrogen fuel injection technology for combustion

engines, writes Mike Brezonick, editor of Diesel Progress magazine
T
here seems little doubt that, for the long “There is also interest because with the H2 to be used. Some engine
term, hydrogen is viewed as the fuel of combustion engine, many components can designs may need to change
the future for mobile and stationary be adopted from existing diesel engines and because of using hydrogen.”
applications. Ultimately, it is seen as the existing manufacturing facilities can continue Liebherr’s development
enabling technology behind fuel cells.
Yet more recently, hydrogen (H2) has also
been considered as a possible fuel for new Liebherr LPDI hydrogen fuel injectors on a test bench in Germany.
generations of low or zero-carbon internal The company plans to begin testing of a complete fuel
combustion engines. Hydrogen combustion system at the end of the second quarter
engines, many believe, could serve as a bridge
technology until fuel cells are fully ready for
prime time, delivering significant reduction in
emissions in a familiar platform and doing it
at a lower cost than fuel cells or battery electric
systems.
However, for that to occur, a number of engine
systems will need to be adapted or developed to
allow them to run on H2 – perhaps the most
critical of these are fuel injection systems.
Hydrogen injection systems

One company that has been active in the
development of hydrogen fuel systems is
Liebherr with its product segment of fuel
injection equipment. The company’s Fuel
Systems business has been working on hydrogen
injection systems for internal combustion
engines for some years and is already running
real engine tests of its low-pressure direct
injection (LPDI) technology.
“We are currently seeing a lot of interest
from OEMs and customers, in hydrogen
combustion engines,” said Stefanie Gerhardt,
managing director of Liebherr’s Fuel Systems
business. “We also see that federal legislation is
pushing toward decreasing CO2 emissions.

NEW POWER HYDROGEN
Liebherr is currently focused on injectors with injection pressures

developing low- of 30 to 60 bar (435 to 870 psi). The injector
pressure direct can be used as part of a common rail system
injection hydrogen in a spark-ignited engine or could also be part
fuel systems for of a dual-fuel system, with diesel or a synthetic
combustion engines ‘e-fuel’ used for pilot injection and ignition of
the hydrogen.
efforts have focused on “Our low-pressure technology is a spark-
diesel fuel systems for ignition technology,” Gerhardt reveals. “But
heavy-duty engines the technology could also be used with dual-
from 7 to 100 litres in fuel, or with other fuels. For use in compression
displacement. It’s no ignition engines, a high-pressure direct
accident that those injection system will be required, and we are
displacements cover the considering this development. Stefanie Gerhardt,
majority of on- and off- “Actuation of a gas injector is significantly managing director
road engine applications. different from diesel technology. However, our of Liebherr’s Fuel
“The basic diesel engine overall expertise in fuel injection technology Systems business
design of today can be has helped drive the development process for
used in both types of the hydrogen fuel injection system in the right
applications,” Gerhardt says. direction.”
“That will also be possible We are currently seeing
with the future hydrogen Opportunities and challenges
combustion engines. In our There are several differences – and challenges a lot of interest from OEMs
development of hydrogen fuel – involved with developing hydrogen fuel
systems, we have taken these systems. “One of our first development targets and customers, in hydrogen
specific requirements into has been to ensure the dry-running capability
account in our solutions.” of the hydrogen injector,” Gerhardt said. “It combustion engines
The company’s LDPI works smoothly without any lubricating oil at
development efforts have all, which prevents inadvertent pollution of the specific screw inserts for interfacing with
hydrogen inside the injector. the hydrogen connection. The injector blow
“We do not have any natural gas injection cap was also designed for flexibility, with an
products in our portfolio where we could asymmetrical geometry that allows for different
have carried over some design concepts. This injection angles into the combustion chamber.
required us to run a series of tests, especially The company is also working on solutions for
with regard to the needle guidance. At the end port fuel injection for heavy duty engines from
we could find a solution that is feasible without 7 to 15 L with an injection pressure of 15 bar
significant abrasion and meets all specifications (217 psi).
of the endurance tests.” “Behavioral and performance requirements
A further issue with hydrogen is for an application are extremely diverse,”
‘embrittlement’, a weakening of metals caused Gerhardt said. “Right now, on the threshold to
by the diffusion of hydrogen into the material. new powertrain technologies, this is becoming
As a preventative measure, Gerhardt said even more apparent. Particularly as our own
Liebherr used special austenitic steels, resistant machines require this large spectrum as well.”
to diffusion and hydrogen-induced stress Liebherr has conducted laboratory testing of
cracking, on specific injector surfaces. its fuel injector, along with testing the injectors
In developing its prototype injectors, Liebherr on various engines.
sought to support a broad range of potential “We started first with the injectors only and,
installations on OEM engines, with customer- in the end, our target is to build a complete
system,” said Gerhardt. “That means including
the pressure control and hydrogen gas metering
This article originally appeared in the May system. The complete system will begin testing
issue of Diesel Progress magazine, which is on engines, we expect, at the end of the second
part of the KHL Group.
A KHL Group Publication MAY 2022
quarter of 2022.”
The magazine, which The fuel system development is taking place at
has been running since Liebherr-Components Deggendorf GmbH in
1935, is the global voice Bavaria, Germany. The company’s competence
of engine-powered centre for injection technology since 2015, the
equipment markets. facility designs and manufactures everything
The article is used with from components to complete fuel systems. It
TERZO EXPANDS
HYDRAPULSE
LINE
INTERVIEW:
GENERAC
CEO
AARON
JAGDFELD
our thanks to them. will be fascinating to watch the development

LIEBHERR’S POSITIVE
H2 FUEL ABOUT
INJECTOR POWER
and see what comes next. iC

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NEWS CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
HIGHLIGHTS
NEW SOFTWARE
SOLUTION
InEight has announced the launch
of InEight Design, a project controls
solution that aims to help users
manage design scopes and provide
traceability in design quantities.
The software is set to be launched
following a successful pilot period
during which, the company say, it
reduced quantity growth risk by
up to 20% and engineering costs
by 10%.
TECH CAN ATTRACT NEW

WORKERS TO INDUSTRY
Giving construction workers access
to technology such as augmented
reality (AR) will not only combat
soaring resource costs, but help
attract young people to construction
roles, according to a report from
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
GlobalData.
The report reveals that around
55% of construction industry
OF CZECH CONSTRUCTION
A
executives surveyed in late 2021 n agreement has been signed between Define data dictionary and Cobuilder’s software
intend to invest in AR within the Norwegian construction software provider solutions.
next two years. GlobalData expects Cobuilder and the Czech Standardisation The partnership will seek to provide a “seamless
the sector to grow from US$9 billion Agency (CAS), who have both pledged to support and transparent” digital information flow across the
in 2021 to US$152 billion by 2030. the digital transformation of the Czech Republic construction value chain in the country and will
construction sector. support the sector in managing data requirements for
RESEARCH FACILITY The strategic partnership will see them provide built assets throughout their lifecycle.
FOR 3D PRINTING the industry with system integrations and the Jaroslav Nechyba, director of the BIM strategy
GE Renewable Energy has opened implementation of a management system. The department in the Czech Standardisation Agency
a new research and development management system will enable the construction (CAS), said, “The DSBIM is one of the key pillars
facility in New York, US, to conduct sector to adopt a Data Standard for Building in our BIM strategy to help the Czech construction
further research on how to 3D print Information Model (DSBIM). industry on its way to Construction 4.0… We
the concrete base of towers used in The system integrations and implementation of the believe that the collaboration with Cobuilder will
wind turbines. DSBIM will be supported by the industry-agreed help us accelerate digital transformation.”
A team of 20 people will continue
to work on optimising the 3D
printing technology with the first
applications in the field anticipated
CHINA TURNS TO ELECTRIC WHEELED LOADERS
within the next five years. The Policy drivers and the availability However, the country will also Research’s new report, The
research conducted at the facility of products are expected to remain the largest market for Wheeled Loader Industry in China,
is being supported in part by a US drive a sharp increase in sales of traditional diesel-powered loaders the country had 13 suppliers of
Department of Energy grant and medium-sized electric wheeled for the foreseeable future. electric wheeled loaders in 2021.
will enable GE to print the bottom loaders in China, according to Having peaked at more than Unlike other parts of the world,
portion of the wind turbine towers. Off-Highway Research. 100,000 units per year in 2020 where sales of electric equipment
and 2021, the wheeled loader have focused on compact
market in China is forecast to machines, demand for electric
decline over the next four to wheeled loaders in China centres
five years. However, the move on much larger machines.
towards electric machines is likely Around half of the electric
to provide growth for those who construction equipment sold
participate. worldwide in 2021 were wheeled
According to Off-Highway loaders in this class sold in China.

URBANISATION
With the global population set to peak at 11 billion people

by the end of the century, policy makers are thinking hard
about the way cities develop.
The Makoko community in Lagos – climate change will be a big
But what will this mean for factor that all cities of the future will need to consider
PHOTO: REUTERS
the construction industry?
Lucy Barnard reports
F
ormed entirely of massive white
hexagonal platforms floating together
off the coast of the Korean city of Busan,
Oceanix, a planned collection of eco-homes,
shops, offices and public spaces, bills itself as
the city of the future.
Unveiled amid much fanfare in the UN
headquarters in New York, US, in April 2022,
the sleek computer-generated images show a
series of bio-rock cells each designed to include
energy and waste storage as well as agriculture
and fish farming.
Designed somewhat like an above-water
version of the Octopod from the children’s TV
series Octonauts, the project has been designed
to accommodate 12,000 residents and visitors of the project will be completed by 2025 at a
on three interconnected platforms covering cost of US$200 million, in time to form part of
6.3 hectares. Ultimately it could be expanded Busan’s bid to host World Expo 2030.
to more than 20 platforms accommodating Backed by the United Nations’ sustainable
100,000 people. development arm, UN Habitat, and Busan
Oceanix, a company founded by Marc Metropolitan City, Oceanix forms a prototype
Collins Chen, a former minister of tourism for including aeroponic farming (the process of
French Polynesia, and former United Nations growing plants with only water and nutrients),
official Itai Madamombe, says the initial stage water harvesting and pedestrian-only walkways,
WORLD’S MOST
POPULATED TOKYO DELHI SHANGHAI SAO PAULO
CITIES ARE: 37,435,191 29,399,141 26,317,104 21,846,507

URBANISATION
Oceanix Busan will start with three

platforms housing 12,000 people but
could grow to more than 20 platforms
PICTURE: OCEANIX
areas is expected to increase to 68% by 2050,

according to the UN, accounting for another
2.5 billion people.
The problem of packing more and more
people into ever larger metropolises is not a new
one. For example, over the past two centuries,
the population of New York City has increased
from just over 100,000 in 1820 to hit more
than 5 million by 1920 and by 2020 stood
around 8.8 million. More dramatically, the
population of Mexico City has risen from 3.3m
in 1950 to more than 21 million by 2020.
World’s biggest city to be in Africa

In order to accommodate their spiralling
populations, modern cities have initially grown
outwards and then upwards. New York City,
the largest city in the world by area, covers a
which the company hopes to replicate at scale The United Nations predicts total of 12,093 square kilometers (4,669 square
off coastal cities all over the world. miles) and is currently also home to around
“Today’s diverse urban areas face new and the global population will 300 skyscrapers – buildings more than 150
growing threats – not least from climate change meters tall.
and growing inequality,” says UN deputy increase from around 7.8 If current trends continue, the urban centres
secretary general Amina Mohammed. “Floating of the twenty-first century will be very different
cities can be part of our arsenal of tools.” billion people today to 9.7 from the mega-cities of today.
Over the last century, cities have grown
Changing our idea of what a city is billion in 2050 and could peak dramatically. Back in 1950, New York City was
“Our approaches to development and the world’s largest metropolis with a population
environmental sustainability in cities need at nearly 11 billion in 2100 of 7.9 million people. It was followed by
a serious retooling to meet the challenges of Chicago, Illinois, with a population of 3.6
today and tomorrow,” she says. “We live in a climate-related risks — from rising sea levels to million. Today Tokyo in Japan is considered to
time when we cannot continue building cities storms.” be the world’s largest city, with a population of
the way New York or Nairobi were built. Certainly, the combined problems of a around 37 million. Second on the list is Delhi
“We must build cities with solutions for low rapidly growing world population coupled with in India, with a population of approximately
emission development — scaling safe and increasing pressure to cut carbon emissions 32 million.
electric powered public transport solutions and a willingness to reimagine post-pandemic Researchers predict that by 2100, the world
and changing the grid on which cities rely to lifestyles is prompting politicians, NGOs and will be home to a new group of ultra-mega
clean energy solutions. We must build cities architects to think carefully about how we live, cities, many of which will be in Sub-Saharan
for people, not cars. And we must build cities work, consume and move about in cities, many Africa, with populations of more than double
knowing that they will be on the frontlines of of which will require similarly radical solutions today’s biggest.
from those building them. According to the World Cities Institute,
The United Nations predicts that the global by 2100 Lagos in Nigeria will be the world’s
The Mjøstårnet tower in population will increase from around 7.8 biggest city with a population of 88.3 million,
Brumanunddal, Norway, is the billion people today to 9.7 billion in 2050 and up from an estimated population of around
world’s tallest wooden building could peak at nearly 11 billion in 2100. 20 million today. Kinshasa in Democratic
PHOTO: MOELVEN Most of this growth is expected to take place Republic of Congo is expected to grow from
in cities. Today, 55% of the world’s population 17 million people today, to reach a population
lives in urban areas – with much of this of 83.5 million, making it the second largest.
number coming from those in the developed Africa’s population is growing faster than
world. The percentage of those living in urban that of any other continent and Africans are 
MEXICO CITY CAIRO DHAKA MUMBAI BEIJING OSAKA

21,671,908 20,484,965 20,283,552 20,185,064 20,035,455 19,222,665

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URBANISATION
The world’s
population
is rapidly
expanding
moving to cities faster than people elsewhere –

especially those south of the Sahara. The World
PROPORTION OF POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES
Bank predicts that, by 2100, 13 of the world’s 100
biggest urban areas will be located in Africa, up
80
from just two today.
With rapid growth comes major 60
opportunities. Already growing by thousands 40
of new residents each year, many African
cities are home to hundreds of square miles 20
of sprawling slums and informal dwellings, 0
usually built without paved roads, sewerage
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
connections, drinking water and other services.
The opportunities for OEMs, contractors and Source: UN. ■ World ■ Africa ■ Developed regions
material producers in Africa is huge.
Unplanned settlements around 40% of the urban population in sub- can be a real headache for national and local
The World Bank estimates that currently 60% Saharan Africa do not have access to electricity. governments,” he adds.
of urban dwellers in Africa live in informal “Growing cities require substantial For city officials grappling with the manifold
and unplanned settlements. The UN says that investment in infrastructure if they are to difficulties of managing largely undocumented
continue expanding at their present rate,” urban populations amid political instability
says Daniel Dowling, partner at PwC. “We’ve this may be easier said than done. Mckinsey
estimated that we will invest US$78 trillion estimates that currently 80% of proposed
in global infrastructure over the next 10 years infrastructure projects in Africa never make it
alone to accommodate this growth. beyond the planning stage and only 10% get
“New York, Beijing, Shanghai and London the required funding to proceed.
will need US$8 trillion in infrastructure Nonetheless, spending on major infrastructure
investment alone and it is arguable that the projects is increasing. Deloitte estimates that
deficit in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown and spending on major projects reached US$521
underestimated, and funding this infrastructure billion across the continent in 2021 – almost
$300 billion more than it recorded in 2013.
Holcim claims its 14Trees joint venture A key part of the increase in mega projects
has created Africa’s first 3D printed house taking shape in Africa can be put down to
PHOTO: 14TREES the Chinese government’s aggressive Belt and 

URBANISATION
Skidmore Owings & Merrill has designed

Urban Sequoias, which it claims could
remove 1,000 tonnes of carbon from the
atmosphere each year PICTURE: SOM
Road Initiative, which has resulted in billions

of dollars of Chinese money (and debt)
flooding in to finance major initiatives that are
commonly awarded to Chinese contractors.
Yet experts worry that replicating our current
model of urban growth is not sustainable.
Urban sprawl results in traffic congestion and
an over-reliance on cars as well as promoting
levels of inequality.
High rise buildings, while creating higher
levels of urban density, contain huge amounts
of embodied carbon in the concrete and steel
required to build them.
Today’s cities are major contributors to more than 250m and strictly limiting the projects faster, a key benefit in an industry
climate change. According to UN Habitat, construction of those of more than 150m as with skills shortages and high demand for
cities consume 78% of the world’s energy and part of a crackdown on “vanity projects” and to new development,” says James Chambers, the
produce more than 60% of the greenhouse gas reduce energy consumption. regional director of US-headquartered software
emissions yet account for less than 2% of the Instead, experts say that they expect architects company Bluebeam.
Earth’s surface. and construction teams to harness the powers of “Massive strides are being made in terms of
Urban authorities are starting to restrict the new technology such as Building Information new building materials and methods, such
growth of some tall steel-framed buildings Modelling (BIM) and off-site construction. as smart concrete, engineered timber and
for safety reasons and as a result of their high “Crucially, technology can help make 3D printed structures,” he adds. “There is
carbon footprint. Environmentally-conscious also increasing use of offsite, ranging from
architects around the world have long been pre-assembled components through to full
calling for all-glass skyscrapers to be banned modular solutions.”
because they are too expensive to cool. One way in which architects are trying to
Cities consume 78% of the construct sustainable high-rise buildings is
Are skyscrapers evolving? through the use of towers built from mass
In 2019, then New York Mayor Bill de Blasio world’s energy and produce timber products – sometimes jokingly known
promised to introduce legislation to the city as ‘plyscrapers’.
introducing new energy code requirements as more than 60% of the They are made by gluing dried strips of
a prerequisite for building permits, which he laminated wood together at 90-degree angels
said would make it harder to create energy- greenhouse gas emissions and compressing them under pressure to
consuming glass and steel structures. produce a substance that its engineers say
And in 2021, the Chinese government passed yet account for less than outperforms steel and concrete in terms of
a new law restricting smaller cities across the strength, fire resistance and sustainability. The
country from building super skyscrapers of 2% of the Earth’s surface world’s tallest wooden building, Mjøstårnet

URBANISATION
was completed in the Norwegian town of Is 3D printing the answer?

Brumanunddal on behalf of developer AB Prefabricated buildings have been used
Invest in 2019 by Norwegian contractor Hent. in construction for more than a century.
However, advances in technology, especially in
Sustainable cities the field of 3D printing, mean that it is possible
Since then, more wooden towers have been for builders to create components or even full
completed including the 24-storey HoHo housing units, often in the space of just a few
Vienna in Austria and the 19-storey Terrance hours by far fewer people than would typically
House in Canada, as well as the 25 storey Ascent be necessary.
tower that is currently under construction in Although still in its infancy, 3D printing
Wisconsin, US. technology is evolving rapidly with
“It’s really inspiring to see the massive manufacturers in China, Dubai, the US and
interest for this building worldwide,” says Europe all printing housing and office pods
Rune Abrahamsen, CEO of Moelven Limtre, that they claim to be prototypes for the future.
the turnkey subcontractor on the project that Last year, cement manufacturer Holcim
supplied the CLT (Cross-laminated timber). announced that it had signed an agreement to
“There are great demands for sustainable build a 52-unit affordable housing project in
solutions in the future and Mjøstårnet is now Kenya, which it claims is Africa’s largest to date
the world’s tallest showcase for just that.” as part of its 14Trees joint venture. Holcim said
Chicago-based architecture firm Skidmore that it had improved its technology, enabling
Owings & Merrill goes further. At last year’s it to create load-bearing walls and giving them
COP 26 it unveiled plans to create high-rise structural function.
buildings constructed using carbon-absorbing The Dubai Municipality has even promised
materials, containing plants and algae and that by 2030, around a quarter of all new
designed to create a ‘stack effect’ that would buildings will be made using the technology.
absorb carbon from the air. Developers say that the process, which
Dubbed ‘Urban Sequoias,’ it boasts that normally entails a giant robotic arm smearing
these towers, none of which have yet been layers of cement, limestone or even recycled 3D printing could play a part in the
constructed, would each be able to remove up glass with a binder on top of each other and construction of buildings – and perhaps
to 1,000 tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere then leaving the resulting structure to harden, whole neighbourhoods – in the future
every year. could be a game changer for providing
“This solution allows us to move beyond net functional affordable housing in fast growing “By deploying 3D printing we can address
zero to deliver carbon absorbing buildings, areas. this infrastructure gap at scale to increase living
increasing the amount of carbon removed from NASA has even announced plans to use 3D standards for all.”
the atmosphere over time,” says Kent Jackson, printing to construct buildings on the Moon Whether 3D printing is the answer – or
a partner at SOM. using lunar soil. even part of the answer – in the future is
“After 60 years, the prototype would “With today’s rapid urbanisation over three currently unknown. What is known is that
absorb up to 400% more carbon than it billion people are expected to need affordable the geographical areas of where the world’s
could have emitted during construction.” housing by 2030. This issue is most acute in biggest cities are located will change, as will
Africa, with countries like Kenya already facing the buildings located within them. Both these
The cities of the future may well an estimated shortage of two million homes,” facts provide a real opportunity for those in the
build even higher into the sky says Jan Jenisch, CEO of Holcim. construction industry. iC

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REGION FOCUS NORTH AMERICA
E
veryone has a different definition of
compact equipment, and the finer
points of those arguments could be
an article in themselves (although not a very
interesting one). For the purposes of this
analysis, compact machines are defined as Thirty years ago, heavy equipment out-sold compact
those with an operating weight of six metric
tonnes or less – mini excavators, skid-steer machines by a factor of two to one in North America. That
loaders, compact tracked loaders and wheeled
loaders under 80 horsepower. Although there ratio is now reversed, says the team at Off-Highway Research
are a few more machine types that would fit
this definition – compact backhoe loaders and 60,000 units per year, and they were almost out of favour. Annual sales of these machines
compact telehandlers for example – these are entirely skid-steer loaders. This represented are now only about half what they were thirty
the high-volume types. a third of equipment sales in the US and years ago. They have been replaced by compact
In the early 1990s, North American sales Canada by volume. The rest of the market was tracked loaders – essentially the tracked variant
of compact machines were around 50,000- composed of mid-sized to large machines, with of the skid-steer loader.
the backhoe loader (more commonly referred These machines began as niche products, but
to as a tractor loader backhoe in the region) were being offered by all the major suppliers
achieving sales of 30,000 units per year. by the early 2000s. Their growth in popularity
Today backhoe loader sales have fallen to has been staggering, with almost 90,000
There has been a particular 10,000 machines per year, but sales of compact units sold last year – the best-selling type of
equipment are approaching 200,000 units per equipment in the region.
surge in compact equipment year, and represent two thirds of the market. To some extent, compact tracked loaders
Despite the overall surge in popularity of have replaced skid-steer loaders. Pound for
sales in the last two year smaller machines, skid steer loaders have fallen pound they are more expensive, but the tracked
undercarriage means they exert less pressure,
so can be used in worse ground conditions,
COMPACT VS HEAVY EQUIPMENT SALES or in situations where damaging the ground
would be a problem. As well as replacing
IN NORTH AMERICA (UNIT TERMS) their wheeled equivalents, this improved
100% performance on soft ground has effectively
90% created new customers and applications for
80% compact tracked loaders.
70%
60% Mini excavator popularity
50%
The other growth area has been mini
40%
30% excavators. In the mid-1990s, sales languished
20% around 5,000 units per year. Today the market
10% is more than 10 times larger and still growing.
0% There has been a particular surge in compact
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022*
2023*
2024*
2025*
2026*
equipment sales in the last two years, as the

North American residential market has
* estimate boomed. The move to home working has
Source: Off-Highway Research ■ Heavy ■ Compact encouraged white collar workers to either
extend their properties or move to bigger
houses, and the lowest interest rates of modern
OFF-HIGHWAY RESEARCH is the world’s leading provider of market intelligence and times have encouraged and enabled this.
forecasts for the global construction equipment industry. With offices in the UK, China, With inflation now a huge concern and
India, the US and Japan, it offers unrivalled market insights, helping its clients to set their interest rates set to continue rising, there is an
global strategies, and plan and invest for profitable growth. obvious threat to further compact equipment
sales growth. However, there is no doubt that
 For more information, please visit www.offhighwayresearch.com the structural market change of the last 30
years is here to stay. iC

PROJECT SPOTLIGHT
PHOTO: BAUER
hat has been called the most
significant addition to London’s
transport network in a generation,
the Elizabeth Line, has opened to the public.
Formerly known as Crossrail, the new railway
will reduce journey times and transform
accessibility in London and the South East.
When fully open, the Elizabeth line will
increase central London’s rail capacity by 10%.
The final cost is estimated to be £19 billion
(US$23.7 billion), significantly higher than
the £14.8 billion (US$18.5 billion) it was
originally budgeted at.
The railway stretches over 100km through
central London from Shenfield and Abbey
Wood in the east to Reading and Heathrow
in the west, stopping at 42 stations (10 newly
built and 31 upgraded) and is expected to serve
around 200 million people each year.
Construction on the Elizabeth Line began in
2009. As well as new tunnels, old tunnels were
reused like the Connaught tunnel – a disused
rail link in Docklands that was built in 1878 –
which was strengthened and widened. iC
PHOTO: BECHTEL
Where is it?
London, UK
Estimated cost £19 billion
(US$23.7 billion)
Did you know? The Elizabeth Line
is 73 miles (118km) long. It runs from
Essex in the east to Berkshire in
the west, cutting underground
through central London

TAKING CONSTRUCTION
TO THE NEXT LEVEL.
2.7M square feet of exhibits / 130,000 attendees / 1,800 exhibitors / 150 education sessions
MARCH 14-18 / 2023 / LAS VEGAS / NEVADA
No matter what sector of construction you’re in,

you’ll leave CONEXPO-CON/AGG with new ideas,
new relationships, and new opportunities to grow
your business, and your place within the industry.
This isn’t just North America’s largest construction
trade show, it’s taking construction to the next level.
2020 Attendee Missy Scherber,
LEARN MORE AT CONEXPOCONAGG.COM T. Scherber Demolition & Excavating

World&#39;s TOP 50-International Construction 2022-2023

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International Construction, incorporating Construction

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 UK Following a project review, energy

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IMAGES: IWAN BAAN,

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After closing its borders

Shortages and constraints

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support the residential construction sector and

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Source: Australian Industry and Skills Committee)

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Head Office Holland | T +31 (0)72 503 93 40 | info@betonblock.com | www.betonblock.com |

METHODOLOGY SHARE OF YELLOW TABLE REVENUES

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had sales of US$24.8 billion. In this year’s

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Deep foundation machines

The use of oﬀsite construction

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* with reduced load charts

For further information

method to be beneﬁcial in both the Hotel Bella

feature a central ‘Village Square’ at street level

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Several 190 HC-L 8/16 of Liebherr

World's TOP 50-International Construction 2022-2023

World's TOP 50-International Construction 2022-2023