TOM MBOYAUNI

VERSI
T

Name:
MARYAOKO

Adm no.SED/
SC/
00907/
022

Uni
t:
UCI101

Lecname:
Dr.
OWI
DI

1.
Descr
ibet
hev
ari
ouscomponent
soft
hecomput
ersy
stem (
20mks)
.

a)
Har
dwar
e.

Theyarethephy
sical
component
sofacomput
er.
Theyi
ncl
udekey
boar
d,mouse,
pri
nter
,scr
een
andthecentr
al

processinguni
t.I
tal
sohasper
ipher
aldev
iceswhi
char
econnect
edt
otheCPUt
ofor
m af
ull
comput ersyst
em.

b)Sof
twar
e.

Ar
eprogramsi
nacomput
ersy
stem t
hatar
eexecut
edont
hehar
dwar
efaci
l
itat
ingt
he
pr
ocessi
onoft
asksby

t
hecomput
er.
Theyar
eli
keappl
i
cat
ionsof
twar
e,ut
il
it
ysof
twar
eandsy
stem sof
twar
e.

1.sy
stem sof
twar
e-t
heydet
ermi
nehowt
hecomput
err
unsi
t'
swi
ndowsandsuppor
tappl
i
cat
ion
soft
ware.

2.
Appli
cat
ionsof
twar
e-ar
epr
ogr
amsdesi
gnedt
oper
for
m speci
fi
cfunct
ionsi
nagi
ven
appl
i
cati
on.

3.
Uti
l
itysof
twar
e-t
heyhel
ptoanal
yze,
opt
imi
zeormai
ntai
nacomput
er.

c)
.Theuser
s.

Theyar
ethehumanbr
ainsbehi
ndt
het
hewhol
ecomput
ersy
stem.
 TOM MBOYAUNI
VERSI
T

Name:
MARYAOKO

Adm no.SED/
SC/
00907/
022

Uni
t:
UCI101

Lecname:
Dr.
OWI
DI

d)
.Thedat
a.

Theyareprogr
amshel
dinacomput
erandar
esof
twar
einf
orm ofanI
C,usual
l
ythe
manufact
urerl
ogo.

2.
..Br
ief
lydescr
ibet
hev
ari
oust
ypesofcomput
ersusi
ngdi
ff
erentcl
assi
fi
cat
ion(
20mks)
.

a)
.Accor
dingt
ofunct
ional
i
ty.

Ther
ear
e3t
ypesofcomput
ersaccor
dingt
ofunct
ional
i
ty.

1)
.Anal
ogcomput
ers.

Theyprocessdat
athati
scont
inuousi
nnat
urecal
l
edt
heanal
ogdat
a.e.
gspeed,
vol
umeand
weight
.

2)
.Di
git
alcomput
ers.

Theypr
ocessdat
athati
sdescr
eati
nnat
urecal
l
edt
hedi
git
aldat
a.i
tchangesf
rom onev
aluet
o
anot
her
.

3)
.Hy
bri
dcomput
ers.

Theyar
ecomput
erst
hatpr
ocessbot
hanal
oganddi
git
aldat
acal
l
edt
hehy
bri
ddat
a.

b)
.Accor
dingt
opur
pose.

Comput
ercanbecl
assi
fi
edasei
therspeci
alpur
pose(
dedi
cat
ed)orgener
alpur
pose.

1.
)Speci
alpur
posecomput
ers:
aredesi
gnedt
oper
for
m asi
ngl
etaskonl
yoraf
ewr
elat
edt
asks.
 TOM MBOYAUNI
VERSI
T

Name:
MARYAOKO

Adm no.SED/
SC/
00907/
022

Uni
t:
UCI101

Lecname:
Dr.
OWI
DI

Exampl
esar
ecal
cul
ator
s,r
out
ersandr
obot
s.

2.
)Gener
alpur
posecomput
ers:
canbepr
ogr
ammedbyt
heusert
oper
for
m manyt
askssuchas
word

pr
ocessi
ng,
deskt
oppubl
i
shi
ng,
mul
ti
medi
aappl
i
cat
ions,
account
ing,
etc.

c)
.Accor
dingt
ophy
sical
l
ysi
zeandpr
ocessi
ngpower
.

1.)Super
comput
ersar
ethemostpower
ful
comput
ers.Theyar
eusedf
orpr
obl
emsr
equi
ri
ng
complex

cal
cul
ati
onsbecauseoft
hei
rsi
zeandexpense.
Theyar
erel
ati
vel
yrar
eandar
ewi
del
yusedi
n
sci
ent
if
ic

appl
i
cati
onssuchasweat
herf
orecast
ing.
Areal
so,
usedbyuni
ver
sit
ies,
gov
ernmentagenci
es,
andl
arge

businesses.Theyhav
ethef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs;
thel
argesti
nphy
sical
size,
great
est
processingpower,

f
ast
estpr
ocessorspeedandl
argestmemor
ycapaci
ty.

2.
)Mai
nfr
ameComput
ers:
areusual
l
yfast
er,
smal
l
er,
lesspower
ful
andl
essexpensi
vet
han

super
comput
ers.Theyar
eusedbybanksandmanybusi
nessest
oupdat
einv
ent
ory
.Theyar
e
al
sousedase-

commer ceserv
ers,handl
i
ngt
ransact
ionsov
ert
heI
nter
net
.Theycansuppor
thundr
edsor
thousandsofusers.

Mainf
ramecomput
ersar
eusedi
nlar
geor
gani
zat
ionswher
emanyuser
sneedaccesst
oshar
ed
dat
aand
 TOM MBOYAUNI
VERSI
T

Name:
MARYAOKO

Adm no.SED/
SC/
00907/
022

Uni
t:
UCI101

Lecname:
Dr.
OWI
DI

pr
ogr
ams.

3.
)Minicomput
ers-Al
sor
efer
redt
oassmal
lscal
emai
nfr
ame.Ar
esmal
l
er,
cheapert
han
mainf
rame

computer
s,gener
alpur
posecomput
ers,
andgi
vecomput
ingpowereasi
l
y.I
tisgener
all
yeasi
er
touse.
They

usual
l
yhav
emul
ti
plet
ermi
nal
sandar
eusedasnet
wor
kser
ver
sandI
nter
netser
ver
s.

4.
)Mi
crocomputer
s:al
soknownasper
sonal
comput
ers(
PC)
.Theyar
ecompat
ibl
e,
smal
l
esti
n
si
ze,
cheapest

andsl
owestcompar
edt
otheot
hert
ypes.Thei
rpr
ocessori
sti
ny.
Theyar
efur
thercl
assi
fi
edi
nto
thr
ee

cat
egor
iesnamel
y:•

a)
.Deskt
opcomput
erst
hemostcommont
ypeofPCbecauset
heyar
erel
ati
vel
ycheapert
han
ot
her

mi
crocomput
ers.Theyar
eusual
l
ypl
acedonat
abl
eordesk.

b).
Notebook(
lapt
op)comput
ersar
eusedbypeopl
ewhoneedt
hepowerofadeskt
opsy
stem,
butal
so

por
tabi
l
ity
.Theyar
emor
eexpensi
vecompar
edt
odeskt
opPCs.

c).Pal
mnoteandpocketPCsar
ethesmal
l
estPCs.
Exampl
esofpal
mnot
eorpocketPCsi
ncl
ude
personal

di
git
alassi
stant
sandmoder
nsmar
tphones.
 TOM MBOYAUNI
VERSI
T

Name:
MARYAOKO

Adm no.SED/
SC/
00907/
022

Uni
t:
UCI101

Lecname:
Dr.
OWI
DI

3.
..Descr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngcomput
eror
gani
zat
ionar
chi
tect
ure(
20mks)

a)
.VonNeummanAr
chi
tect
ure.

Isthear
chi
tect
ureuponwhi
chal
ldi
git
alcomput
ersar
ebasedon.
Ithaschar
act
eri
sti
cssuchas
singl
e,

cent
ral
i
zedcontr
ol,
housedi
nCPU,
asepar
atest
oragear
eaandapr
imar
ymemor
ycont
aini
ng
i
nstr
ucti
onsand

data.
Theinstr
uct
ionsar
eexecut
edbyCPUwhi
chhousest
heuni
tthatper
for
msoper
ati
onson
operands,
the

ari
thmeti
candl
ogi
cuni
thencedat
aist
obeaqui
redf
rom pr
imar
ymemor
ytot
heCPUt
obe
actedupon.

b)
.Har
var
dAr
chi
tect
ure.

I
sacomput
erar
chi
tect
urewi
thsepar
atest
orageandpat
hway
sfori
nst
ruct
ionsanddat
a.I
ts
pr
ogr
amsanddat
a

shar
ethesamememor yandpat
hway
.Thet
erm camef
rom Har
var
dMar
kIr
elay
-based
computerwhi
chst
ored

i
nfor
mati
onontapedanddat
ainel
ect
ro-
mechani
cal
count
ers.
Theyhaddat
ast
oragecont
ained
wi
thi
ntheCPU

andpr
ovidenoaccesst
othei
nst
ruct
ionsst
oredasdat
a.Moder
npr
ocessorappeart
otheuser
tobevon

Neumannmachi
neswi
thpr
ogr
am codest
oredi
nthememor
yinf
orm ofdat
a.Forper
for
mance
r
easons,

i
nter
nal
l
yandl
argel
yinv
isi
blet
otheusermostdesi
gnedhav
esepar
atepr
ocessorf
oreach.

4.
..Wi
thr
elev
antexampl
edi
scusst
hef
oll
owi
ng(
20mks)
 TOM MBOYAUNI
VERSI
T

Name:
MARYAOKO

Adm no.SED/
SC/
00907/
022

Uni
t:
UCI101

Lecname:
Dr.
OWI
DI

A)
.Inputdev
ices.

I
sanyhardwar
ecomponentt
hatal
l
owsuser
stoent
erdat
aandi
nst
ruct
ionsi
ntoacomput
er.
I
nst
ruct
ions

ent
eredi
ntot
hecomput
ercanbei
nfor
m of
:pr
ogr
ams,
commandanduserr
esponse.

Ty
pesofi
nputdev
ices.

a)
.Key
boar
d.

Isani
nputdev
icet
hatcont
ainskey
sthatt
heuser
spr
esst
oent
erdat
aandi
nst
ruct
ionsi
ntot
he
computer

sy
stem.
Theyi
ncl
udet
ypi
ngkey
s,numer
ickey
pad,
arr
owkey
s,speci
alkey
sandt
hef
unct
ionkey
s.

b)
.Poi
nti
ngdev
ices.

I
nputdevi
cesthatal
l
owausert
ocont
rol
apoi
nteront
hescr
een.
Theyi
ncl
udemouse,
touch
pad,
tr
ackbal
l,
j
oy

st
ick,
li
ghtpenandt
ouchscr
een.

c)Voiceinput
:Ent
eri
ngofv
oicei
nfor
mat
ionusi
ngbl
uet
oot
h.Voi
cer
ecogni
ti
onpr
ogr
ams
recogni
zea

v
ocabul
aryofpr
ogr
ammedwor
ds.

d)
.Di
git
alCamer
as–Theyt
akepi
ctur
esandst
oret
hephot
ogr
aphedi
magesdi
git
all
y.
Ithasa
 TOM MBOYAUNI
VERSI
T

Name:
MARYAOKO

Adm no.SED/
SC/
00907/
022

Uni
t:
UCI101

Lecname:
Dr.
OWI
DI

bat
ter
ypower
eddev
icet
hatt
ransmi
tsdat
ausi
ngwi
rel
esst
echnol
ogy
.

e)
.5.
VideoI
nput–Pr
ocessofcapt
uri
ngf
ull
mot
ioni
magesandst
ori
ngt
hem onacomput
er’
s.

6.
Scannersandr
eadi
ngdev
ices–Theycapt
uredat
afr
om asour
cedocumentwhi
chi
sinf
orm of
dat
a.They

i
ncl
udeopt
ical
scanner
sandopt
ical
reader
s.