USI

NGSKIMMINGTECHNIQUETOIMPROVEREADI
NGSKI
LLSOFSEVENTH
GRADESTUDENTSJUNIORHI
GHSCHOOLNO.1MAKARTIJAYA
By
Ambarwat
i
Engl
i
shEducat
ionSt
udyProgr
am,Pal
embangUni
ver
sit
y

CHAPTER1
I
NTRODUCTI
ON

1.
1. Backgr
oundofst
udy
Humanl
i
fecannotbesepar
atedf
rom l
anguageact
ivi
ti
esbecauseofl
anguage
t
eachi
ngi
sver
yimpor
tanti
nfor
minghabi
ts,
att
it
udes,
andbehav
iorbasi
cabi
l
iti
es
t
hatst
udent
sneedf
orf
urt
herdev
elopment
.Languagei
sameansofcommuni
cat
ing
bet
weenhumansbecausehumansar
eameansofcommuni
cat
ioni
nor
dert
oful
fi
ll
humannat
ureassoci
albei
ngswhoneedt
oint
eractwi
theachot
her
.Language
l
ear
ning,especi
all
yatt
heeducat
ionl
evel
,isal
sov
eryi
mpor
tant
.Ther
efor
e,ev
ery
schoolmusti
mpl
ementl
anguagel
ear
ning,
tol
ear
ningEngl
i
sh.
alt
houghmanydonot
under
standi
nlear
ningi
t,t
eacher
smustbeabl
etopr
ovi
desol
uti
onst
oincr
ease
st
udent
sint
eresti
nEngl
i
sh.Oneoft
hem byusi
ngt
her
ightmet
hodf
ort
hest
udent
s.
Thi
sti
met
het
eachercanuseoneoft
her
eadi
ngt
echni
quest
obet
aughtt
ohi
s
st
udent
s.

Engl
i
shi
sver
yimpor
tantf
orst
udent
stoday
.Wi
tht
henew er
a,now aday
s
al
mostal
lsoci
almedi
ausesEngl
i
sh.Especi
all
ywhenwear
elooki
ngf
orwor
konl
y
Engl
i
shi
sst
il
lneeded.Fort
hatwemustbeabl
etospeakEngl
i
shatl
easti
nter
msof
r
eadi
ng.Butnotaf
ew peopl
ehav
edi
ff
icul
tyi
nunder
standi
ngEngl
i
shr
eadi
ng.
Ther
efor
e,st
udent
sar
etaughtf
rom anear
lyaget
orecogni
zeandunder
standi
tby
st
udy
ingatschool
.

Readi
ngi
sindi
spensabl
eforev
ery
onet
oobt
ainnewi
nfor
mat
ion.I
naddi
ti
on
t
otr
aini
ngey
eski
l
lswhenr
eadi
ng,
theseact
ivi
ti
escanal
sot
rai
nconcent
rat
ionf
oran
under
standi
ng.Accor
dingt
oDal
man(
2014:
5)st
atest
hatr
eadi
ngi
sanact
ivi
tyor
cogni
ti
vepr
ocesst
hatseekst
ofi
ndv
ari
ousi
nfor
mat
ioncont
ainedi
nwr
it
ing.Thi
s
meanst
hatr
eadi
ngi
sat
houghtpr
ocesst
ounder
standt
hecont
ent
soft
het
extr
ead.
Tounder
standt
her
eadi
ng,i
ttakesaski
l
linr
eadi
ng.Readi
ngski
l
lsi
saper
sons
capaci
tyt
ounder
stand,i
nter
pret
,read,anddecodet
hel
anguageofwr
it
tent
ext
s.
Wi
th good r
eadi
ng ski
l
ls,a per
son can adapt and r
espond t
o a wr
it
ten
communi
cat
ionsuchasmessages,
emai
l
s,l
ett
ermor
eeasi
l
y.

Theuseofr
eadi
ngski
l
lsi
nlear
ningi
sver
yimpor
tant
.Becausei
tcansuppor
t
st
udent
sinunder
standi
ngt
hemat
eri
alandav
oidmi
sunder
standi
ngs.Toi
mpr
ove
r
eadi
ngski
l
ls,
wecanuseav
ari
etyoft
echni
ques.Asi
ntheski
mmi
ngt
echni
ques.

Accor
dingt
oMar
iaMi
ntowat
i,ski
mmi
ngcanbei
nter
pret
edast
heabi
l
ityt
o
r
eadqui
ckl
y.Speedr
eadi
ngi
sdonewi
tht
heai
m ofknowi
ngt
hegener
alcont
entof
t
her
eadi
ngorbook.Speedr
eadi
ngi
sof
tendonewhenr
eadi
ngext
ensi
vel
yorwhen
wear
elooki
ngf
orabookorcat
alogi
nar
eadi
ng.

Thi
stechni
quecani
mpr
ovest
udent
sreadi
ngski
l
lsofcour
se.Becausei
nthi
s
ski
mmi
ng t
echni
que we ar
etr
ained i
nfastmot
orski
l
ls,and al
so a f
orm of
sy
stemat
ic,ef
fect
ive,and ef
fi
cientr
eadi
ng ski
l
ls.Ther
efor
e,t
hist
echni
que i
s
consi
der
edt
obehel
pful
ini
mpr
ovi
ngst
udent
sreadi
ngski
l
lst
hemsel
ves.

1.
2. Reasonf
orchoosi
ngt
opi
c

Somer
easonswhyt
hewr
it
erchooset
het
opi
c“Usi
ngski
mmi
ngt
echni
quet
o
i
mpr
over
eadi
ngski
l
lsofsev
ent
hgr
adest
udent
sjuni
orhi
ghschool
”ar
e:

1)Thechosent
opi
cisconsi
der
edoneoft
het
echni
quest
hatcanmakei
teasi
er
f
orst
udent
stoi
mpr
over
eadi
ngski
l
ls.Becausei
naddi
ti
ont
otr
aini
ngmy
concent
rat
ioncani
ncr
easet
heaccur
acyoft
heey
est
ofocusmor
eonr
eadi
ng.

2)Readi
ngi
sver
yimpor
tantf
orst
udent
stounder
standt
hemat
eri
alandcan
obt
aini
nfor
mat
ion.

1.
3. St
atementofpr
obl
em

Thepr
obl
em i
nvest
igat
edi
sst
atedasf
oll
ows:

Howcanst
udent
simpr
over
eadi
ngski
l
lsbyski
mmi
mgt
echni
que?

1.
4. Obj
ect
iveofst
udy

Thepur
poseoft
her
esear
chwast
ofi
ndway
soft
eachi
ngt
oimpr
ovest
udent
s
r
eadi
ngski
l
ls.
1.
5. Si
gni
fi
canceofst
udy

Onbasi
soft
heobj
ect
iveabov
e,t
hesi
gni
fi
canceoft
hest
udycanbest
atedas
f
oll
ows:

1)Fort
hest
udent
s,l
ear
ntor
eadusi
ngt
echni
quest
omaker
eadi
ngeasi
er.

2)Fort
eacher
s,t
ofi
nd outwhi
ch t
echni
ques ar
e appr
opr
iat
etoi
mpr
ove
st
udent
sreadi
ngski
l
ls.

3)Thewr
it
erhopest
hatt
her
esul
toft
her
esear
chcanbeusedasr
efer
encef
or
t
hosewhowantt
oconductar
esear
chi
nteachi
ngEngl
i
sh.

1.
6. Out
li
neoft
her
epor
t

Thewr
it
eror
gani
zest
hisr
esear
chr
epor
tinor
dert
omaket
her
eadereasi
ert
o
under
stand.Thef
oll
owi
ngshowst
hecont
entcov
eredi
nthi
sresear
ch.

Chapt
erIi
sint
roduct
ion.Thi
schapt
erexpl
ainsaboutgener
albackgr
oundof
t
hest
udy
,reasonf
orchoosi
ngt
het
opi
c,st
atementofpr
obl
em,obj
ect
iveofst
udy
,
si
gni
fi
canceofst
udy
,andt
heout
li
neofr
epor
t.

Chapt
erI
Ipr
esent
srev
iew ofr
elat
ed l
i
ter
atur
e.Thi
s chapt
ercov
erst
he
char
act
eri
sti
cofsev
ent
hgr
adest
udent
s,conceptofr
eadi
ngski
l
ls,andconceptof
ski
mmi
ngt
echni
que.

Chapt
erI
IIdi
scussest
hemet
hodofi
nvest
igat
ion,t
hewr
it
erdi
scussest
he
met
hod ofi
nvest
igasi
on whi
ch consi
stofsubj
ectofst
udy
,dat
a col
l
ect
ion,
i
nst
rumentofst
udy
,thest
epsi
nact
ionr
esear
chanddat
apr
ocessi
ng.

Chapt
erI
Vdi
scussest
heanal
ysi
soft
her
esear
ch.Di
scussest
heanal
ysi
sof
each act
ivi
ty st
art
ed f
rom pr
e-t
estup t
o post
-t
estand t
he anal
ysi
s oft
he
quest
ionnai
res.

Thef
inal
chapt
eri
schapt
erVt
hatdr
awssomeconcl
usi
onandsuggest
ions.
 CHAPTERI
I

REVI
EW OFRELATEDLI
TERATURE

Thi
schapt
ercov
erst
hechar
act
eri
sti
cofsev
ent
hgr
adest
udent
s,conceptof
r
eadi
ngski
l
ls,
andconceptofski
mmi
ngt
echni
que.

2.
1.Char
act
eri
sti
csOfSev
ent
hGr
adeSt
udent
s

Juni
orhi
gh schoolst
udent
s as st
udent
s ar
e seen by psy
chol
ogi
sts as
i
ndi
vi
dual
swhoar
eatanuncl
earst
agei
ntheser
iesofaper
son’
sdev
elopment
pr
ocess.Ambi
gui
tybecauset
heyar
eint
het
ransi
ti
onper
iodf
rom chi
l
dhoodt
o
adul
thood.

Accor
dingt
oHur
lack(
1982:
126)t
her
ear
echangest
hatar
eexper
iencedby
al
mostal
lteenager
sthatar
euni
ver
sal
,namel
y:

a.Hei
ght
eedemot
ions,t
hei
ntensi
tyofwhi
chdependsont
hedegr
eeof
phy
sical
andpsy
chol
ogi
cal
change.

b.Changesi
nbodi
es,i
nter
est
sandr
olest
hatsoci
algr
oupsar
eexpect
ed
t
opl
ay.

c.Wi
thchangi
ngi
nter
est
sandbehav
iorpat
ter
ns,
val
uesal
sochange.

d.Asat
eenager
,youar
eambi
val
entaboutev
erychange.

Al
lhav
eani
mpactoncogni
ti
ve,
aff
ect
ive,
andpsy
chomot
oraspect
s.

Thest
ateoft
hechi
l
ddur
ingt
heper
iodofgr
ow anddev
elopmentoccur
s
moodi
nessandexcessi
vef
ant
asy
,causi
ngaf
eel
i
ngofi
nabi
l
ityandr
eluct
ancet
o
mov
e.Besi
dest
hat
,itcanbeseenf
rom t
hei
rbadchar
act
eri
sti
cssuchas,easi
l
y
agi
tat
ed,
lesscont
rolemot
ions,
andf
earoff
ail
ure.Undert
hesecondi
ti
ons,
student
s
needencour
agementf
rom mor
eexper
iencedpeopl
e.I
nthi
scaset
her
oleoft
he
t
eacheri
npr
ovi
dinggui
danceanddi
rect
iont
ost
udent
satschoolbot
hint
hel
ear
ning
pr
ocessandout
sideofl
ear
ningi
sver
yimpor
tant
.
2.
2.ConceptOfReadi
ngSki
ll
s

-Basi
cConcept
sOfReadi
ngSki
ll
s

Ther
ear
e4basi
cconcept
sinr
eadi
ng,namel
yspeaki
ngski
l
ls,l
i
steni
ngski
l
ls,
r
eadi
ngski
l
ls,
andwr
it
ingski
l
ls.Thebasi
cconcept
sofr
eadi
ngski
l
lswi
l
lbef
ormedi
f
y
ouar
eabl
etodi
sci
pli
ney
our
sel
f.Forexampl
echangi
nghabi
tst
hatar
elazyt
oread,
f
orci
ngt
hemsel
vest
oread.I
fthef
ourconcept
scanwor
kwel
l
,thent
heanal
yti
cal
powerandabi
l
ityt
ospeak,expr
essopi
nionsandpr
ocessi
ngi
nfor
mat
ionst
oredi
n
t
hebr
aini
smuchbet
tert
hant
hosewhohav
ereadatal
l
.

- Under
standi
ngOfReadi
ngSki
ll
s

Accor
ding Sudar
so (
2001)r
eadi
ng ski
l
ls ar
e one oft
he mostcompl
ex
act
ivi
ti
es.Notonl
yinv
olv
est
heabi
l
ityt
oread,
butal
soi
nvol
vescogni
ti
veabi
l
iti
es,
the
abi
l
ityt
ocommuni
cat
e.Andal
somot
orski
l
lsal
sodet
ermi
ner
eadi
ngski
l
ls.

Ther
efor
e,i
fwedo nothav
etheabi
l
ityt
oread wel
l
,iti
sdi
ff
icul
tto get
i
nfor
mat
ion,messages,ormeani
ngf
rom ar
eadi
ng.That
’swhywemustal
way
s
i
mpr
over
eadi
ngski
l
lssot
hatwecaneasi
l
yunder
standt
hecont
ent
sofar
eadi
ng
book,
especi
all
yforst
udent
s.

- Ty
pesOfReadi
ngSki
ll
s

Accor
ding t
o Tai
gan (
2008)r
eadi
ng ski
l
ls hav
e sev
eralt
ypes,i
ncl
udi
ng
r
eadi
ngal
oudandr
eadi
ngsi
l
ent
ly.Readi
ngal
oudi
susual
l
ydonebychi
l
drenwhoar
e
st
il
linel
ement
aryschoolgr
ade1i
r2.Becauset
hei
ragest
agei
sindeedi
nthest
age
ofl
ear
ningt
oread.Whi
l
ereadi
ngsi
l
ent
lyi
smor
eof
tendonebyt
hosewhohav
e
bet
terr
eadi
ngski
l
lsandar
efl
uenti
nreadi
ng.

- Readi
ngSki
ll
sGoal
s

Theobj
ect
ivesofr
eadi
ngski
l
lsar
e:

1.I
nor
dert
obeabl
etoappr
eci
atet
hecont
ent
sofat
ext
,upgr
adeol
d
knowl
edgewi
thnewknowl
edge.

2.Ameanst
otr
ansf
orm knowl
edgef
rom sev
eral
lev
elsofeducat
ion.

3.Col
l
ect dat
a t
o assi
st and f
inal
i
ze t
he r
esul
t of r
esear
ch,
 exper
iment
ati
on,
orwr
it
ing.

2.
3.ConceptOfSki
mmi
ngTechni
que

Tobeabl
etounder
standanar
ti
cle,
weneedat
echni
quet
hatai
mst
omakei
t
easi
ert
o under
standt
hewr
it
ing.Onet
echni
quei
nreadi
ngi
sspeedr
eadi
ngor
ski
mmi
ng.Thi
stechni
quei
swi
del
yusedatt
hesecondar
yeducat
ionl
evel
,whi
chhas
st
art
edt
opr
esentcompl
exandl
ongt
ext
sandr
eadi
ngs.

Accor
dingt
oNur
hadi(
1989:
101)i
n(ammaetal
,2012)ski
mmi
ngmeans
sweepi
ngt
hedi
scour
set
ofi
ndsomet
hingt
hati
sneeded.Sot
haty
ouknow t
he
descr
ipt
ionoft
hecont
ent
soft
hedi
scour
se.I
not
herwor
ds,
ski
mmi
ngi
sat
ermt
hat
r
efer
stoar
eadi
ngpr
ocessoract
ivi
tyt
hati
sonl
yfocusedonf
indi
ngt
hemai
nideai
n
ar
eadi
ngt
extbyonl
ygl
anci
ngatt
her
eadi
ngpar
tthatdoesnotshowt
hemai
nidea.
(Nur
hadi
,
2008)

Thi
stechni
quei
sappr
opr
iat
etousewhenencount
eri
ngal
ongandcoher
ent
t
extt
ounder
standt
het
ext
,suchasf
indi
ngt
hemai
nideaandot
herel
ement
sthat
makeupt
het
ext
.

- Benef
it
sOfSki
mmi
ngTechni
que

 Fi
rst
,bei
ngabl
etocapt
ure,
absor
bandmast
eri
nfor
mat
ionqui
ckl
y.

 Second,
itcani
mpr
oveourunder
standi
ngofr
eadi
ng.

 Thi
rd,
browset
hepagesofr
eadi
ngbooksi
nashor
tti
me.

 Notmucht
imei
swast
edbynotr
eadi
ngt
hepar
tst
hatar
enoti
mpor
tant(
sar
i
etal
,
2017)
.

I
nessence,i
nreadi
ngwedonotneedt
oreadt
heent
ir
etexti
ndet
ail
.Buti
tis
enought
ojustski
m bypay
ingat
tent
iont
owor
dsorsent
encest
hatar
econsi
der
ed
i
mpor
tantandbecomet
hemai
nideai
nther
eadi
ng.Whenwear
egoi
ngt
orev
iew,
we
j
ustneedt
orememberi
t.Thi
sist
headv
ant
ageoft
heski
mmi
ngt
echni
que,wear
e
abl
etounder
standt
hecont
entoft
her
eadi
ngwi
thouthav
ingt
oreadt
hewhol
ethi
ng.
 - ThePur
poseOfSki
mmi
ngTechni
que

I
nshor
t,t
heski
mmi
ngt
echni
queai
mst
omakei
teasi
ert
ounder
standa
r
eadi
ngwi
thouthav
ingt
oreadt
heent
ir
econt
ent
s.I
ndet
ail
,theuseofski
mmi
ng
t
echni
quest
o:

 Seet
heov
eral
lpi
ctur
eoft
hecont
ent
soft
her
eadi
ngmat
eri
al.

 Maket
her
eaderf
ami
l
iarwi
tht
het
opi
cpr
esent
ed.

 Gett
hegi
stormai
nideaf
ort
hepar
agr
aphandmai
nidea.(
Nur
iadi
,
2008)

Accor
ding t
o Sugi
ant
o,(
2010)ski
mmi
ng t
echni
ques ar
e used f
orsev
eral
t
hings,namel
yonr
eadi
ngt
opi
cs,opi
nions,i
mpor
tantpar
tsofr
eadi
ngor
gani
zat
ion,
r
efr
eshmentandget
ti
ngagener
ali
mpr
essi
onf
rom abookt
hati
sread.

- Ey
eMov
ementI
nSki
mmi
ngTechni
que

I
nthi
sappl
i
cat
ion,t
heski
mmi
ngt
echni
quer
eli
esheav
il
yoney
emov
ement
s.
Accor
dingt
oSuhar
so(
2001)t
heey
emov
esi
nthef
ir
stl
i
nescont
aini
ngt
hemai
nidea
oft
hepar
agr
aph,t
hen j
umpsand st
opsatsomef
act
,cer
tai
n det
ail
sthatar
e
i
mpor
tantandsuppor
tthemai
nidea.I
mpor
tantdet
ail
scanbeshownbyt
ypogr
aphy
ordet
ailsi
gnal
.Whenwer
eadat
opi
cofconcer
n,wewi
l
lmor
eeasi
l
yrecogni
zet
he
mai
nidea.

- Ski
mmi
ngTechni
queReadi
ngSt
eps

Accor
dingt
oNur
iadi
(2008)
,namel
y:

 Readt
het
it
leoft
her
eadi
ngt
ext
.

 Readt
hei
ntr
oduct
ion.

 I
fther
eisaheadi
ng,
readt
heheadi
ng.

 Payat
tent
ioni
fther
ear
epi
ctur
es,
graphs,
tabl
esordi
scussi
ondi
agr
ams.

 I
fther
eisnoheadi
ng,
thenr
eadt
hef
ir
stsent
enceofeachpar
agr
aph.

 I
fso,gi
vey
our
sel
fami
nut
etogetagl
i
mpseoft
hepar
tst
hatwer
en’
tshown
bef
ore.
  Readt
hecl
osi
ngorconcl
usi
onpar
agr
aphoft
her
eadi
ngmat
eri
al.

Fr
om t
hedescr
ipt
ionabov
e,t
hisski
mmi
ngt
echni
quecani
ndeedi
mpr
over
eadi
ng
ski
l
lsi
nst
udent
s,especi
all
yatt
hesecondar
yeducat
ionl
evel
.Ther
efor
e,weshoul
d
al
way
str
ytodot
heexer
ciseonanongoi
ngbasi
ssot
hatst
udent
sar
eaccust
omed
t
oappl
yi
ngt
heset
echni
queswhi
l
ereadi
ng.
 CHAPTERI
II
METHODSOFI
NVESTI
GATI
ON

I
nchapt
erI
II
,thewr
it
erdi
scussest
hemet
hodofi
nvest
igasi
onwhi
chconsi
st
ofsubj
ectofst
udy
,dat
acol
l
ect
ion,
inst
rumentofst
udy
,thest
epsi
nact
ionr
esear
ch
anddat
apr
ocessi
ng.

3.
1Subj
ectOfTheSt
udy

I
nconduct
ing t
hisact
ionr
esear
ch,t
hewr
it
erwasi
nter
est
ed t
otaket
he
st
udent
sofj
uni
orhi
ghschool1Makar
tiJay
a.I
tisl
ocat
edonJlSul
tanAgungNo.
5
Kec.Makar
tiJay
a.Ther
ear
eel
evencl
asses,
6cl
assesf
orsev
ent
hgr
adest
udent
s,5
cl
assesf
orei
ght
hgr
adest
udent
sand5cl
assesf
orni
net
hgr
adest
udent
s.ThenI
chooseonecl
asst
odoact
ionr
esear
ch.
,whi
chi
scl
assVI
I.
I.Thecl
asscont
ains32
st
udent
s.

The choi
ce of t
he subj
ect of t
he st
udy i
s based on t
he f
oll
owi
ng
consi
der
ati
ons:

1)Thest
udent
shav
enev
erl
ear
ningr
eadi
ngbyusi
ngski
mmi
ngt
echni
que.

2)I
nmast
eri
ngv
ocabul
ary
,thest
udent
sof
tenf
inddi
ff
icul
t,i
tishar
dfort
hem t
o
under
tand.

3)Thest
udent
sneedanewwayi
nlear
ningEngl
i
shi
ngener
alandespeci
all
yin
r
eadi
ng.

3.
2Dat
aCol
lect
ion

I
ndoi
ngt
heact
ionr
esear
ch,t
hewr
it
erusedsev
eralappr
opr
iat
etechni
ques
andmet
hods.Tocar
ryoutherst
udy
,thewt
it
erhadt
ocol
l
ectdat
acont
aini
ngsome
i
nfor
mat
ionneededf
orherr
esear
ch.

I
nthi
sresear
ch,t
hewr
it
erusedt
hepr
eandpostt
est
.Theai
msofusi
ngpr
e
andpostt
estwer
etoknowt
hest
udent
sresponsesdur
ingt
heact
ivi
ti
esandt
osee
t
hei
rabi
l
iti
esi
nreadi
ng.Mor
eov
er,
testcanbeusedt
otestone’
spr
ofi
ciency
.
 Dat
aisv
eryi
mpor
tanti
nthi
sresear
ch,
fort
her
esear
chf
indi
ngcomef
rom t
he
i
nter
pret
ati
onoft
hedat
acol
l
ed.I
ncol
l
ect
ingdat
a,Igott
hedat
afr
om obser
vingt
he
t
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningpr
ocessandt
her
esul
toft
hest
udent
stest
.Thepr
ocessof
col
l
ect
ingt
hedat
awast
hought
wocy
clesi
nfourmeet
ing.Iconduct
edt
het
eachi
ng
l
ear
ningpr
ocessandt
hef
our
thmeet
ingt
hest
udent
sdi
dapostt
est
.

Att
hef
ir
stmeet
ingIdi
dapr
etest
.Att
hesecondmeet
ingIt
aughtst
udent
s
aboutski
mmi
ngt
echni
ques.Att
het
hir
dmeet
ingIt
aughthow t
ouseski
mmi
ng
t
echni
quesandgav
ea r
eadi
ngf
ort
hei
rpr
act
ice.Andt
hel
astmeet
ingIdi
dapost
t
est
.

Toanal
yzet
hedat
a,Iassessedt
hest
udent
smast
eryoft
hemat
eri
alsgi
ven,
t
hati
show wel
lani
ndi
vi
dualst
udent
smast
erst
hemat
eri
als.Igav
epr
e-t
estand
post
-t
esti
nor
dert
oknowt
hest
udensmast
eryi
nthatmat
eri
al.Then,
Icompar
edt
he
st
udent
sresul
tint
hepr
e-t
estandpost
-t
est
.

3.
3Inst
rumentOfTheSt
udy

Thei
nst
rument
soft
hest
udyi
nthi
sresear
char
eat
estandquest
ionnai
re.

a.Test

Thewr
it
erusedt
esti
nherst
udyast
hei
nst
rumentf
orcol
l
ect
ingdat
a.The
t
estwer
epr
e-t
estandpostt
est
.Thepur
poseofgi
vi
ngapr
etestwast
oknow t
he
st
udent
sabi
l
ity
.Ther
ear
e10quest
ionst
obet
est
ed.Aboutt
het
opi
cofr
eadi
ng,
the
mai
nsent
ence,t
hecont
entoft
her
eadi
ngandal
somul
ti
plechoi
cequest
ionsabout
somev
ocabul
ary
.

b.Quest
ionnai
re

Thet
echni
quei
ncol
l
ect
ingdat
aist
heuseofquest
ionnai
re.Thepur
posewas
t
o gat
heri
nfor
mat
ionf
rom t
hest
udent
s,af
terbei
ngt
aughtbyusi
ngaski
mmi
ng
t
echni
que.I
twasusedt
osuppor
tthet
eachi
ngl
ear
ningact
ivi
ti
esandt
het
est
.

3.
4TheSt
epsI
nAct
ionResear
ch

Fi
rst
,Iexpl
ainedt
heski
mmi
ngt
echni
quet
ost
udent
s.Af
tert
hataskt
oknow
t
hei
runder
standi
ngoft
hemat
eri
al.Af
terbei
ngconsi
der
edt
ohav
eunder
stoodt
he
mat
eri
al,
wet
ri
edt
odi
scuss1exampl
epr
obl
em t
oget
herusi
ngabookt
hathadbeen
gi
venpr
evi
ousl
y.

Af
terst
udent
sknowwhataski
mmi
ngr
echni
quei
s,t
hennextwet
eachhowt
o
uset
heski
mmi
ngt
echni
quewhenwer
ead.Bygi
vi
ngapi
eceofr
eadi
ngt
ext
,iti
sthe
t
askoft
hest
udent
stot
ryt
oappl
yat
echni
quet
ofi
ndamai
nsent
enceort
opi
cof
t
het
ext
.

Lasti
sthef
inalt
est
.Car
ri
edoutaf
tert
het
eacherandst
udent
sdi
scussedt
he
pr
evi
ousmat
eri
al.Thi
sti
mest
udent
sar
egi
venast
oryort
extconsi
sti
ngofsev
eral
par
agr
aphs.Thent
hei
rtaski
stor
eadandf
indt
hecont
ent
soft
het
extt
heyhav
e
r
ead.

3.
5Dat
aPr
ocessi
ng

Thi
sst
udyusedamet
hodofquant
it
ati
vet
opr
ocesst
hedat
a.Tof
indoutt
he
r
eadi
ngspeedofst
udent
ssot
hatweknowt
hei
ncr
easewi
tht
hepr
evi
ousonecan
becal
cul
atedbyt
hebasi
cfor
mul
a:

Numberofwordsread×60=numberofwor
d/mi
nut
e
Numberofsecondstor
ead
 CHAPTERI
V

DATAANALYSI
S

Thi
schapt
erpr
esent
stheanal
ysi
sofeachact
ivi
tyst
art
edf
rom pr
e-t
estupt
o
post
-t
estandt
heanal
ysi
soft
hequest
ionnai
res.

4.
1.Anal
ysi
sOfThePr
e-Test

Bef
oret
het
eachi
ngandl
ear
ningact
ivi
ti
esar
ecar
ri
edout
,Idoapr
etest
.
Fol
l
owedby32st
udent
s.Thewr
it
ergi
ves10mul
ti
plechoi
cequest
ionsandar
eadi
ng
t
ext
.Thewr
it
ergi
ves15mi
nut
etoanswert
hequest
ions.10mi
nut
esf
ormul
ti
ple
choi
ceand5mi
nut
esf
orr
eadi
ng.

Af
ter10 mi
nut
e hav
e passes t
he chi
l
dren compl
etet
he mul
ti
ple choi
ce
quest
ions.Thencont
inuer
eadi
ngt
het
ext
,itt
urnsoutt
hatt
heyneedanaddi
ti
onal5
mi
nut
est
ocompl
etet
her
eadi
ngt
ext
.May
bebecauset
het
exti
sinEngl
i
sh,sot
hey
ar
edi
ff
icul
ttor
ead.

Fr
om t
hepr
e-t
estcanbeobt
ained:

Theav
eragenumberofwor
dsperl
i
ne=11

Numberofl
i
nesr
ead =145

Numberofwor
dsr
ead=11×145=1.
600wor
ds.

Reads1.
600wor
dsi
n10mi
nut
esor600seconds,
then:

1.
600×60=160kpm
600

4.
2.Anal
ysi
sOfPost
-Test

Thel
asti
sthepostt
estact
ivi
ty.Bef
oregi
vi
ngt
het
est
,thewr
it
err
ivi
ewst
he
r
eadi
ngt
extt
hatwi
l
lbegi
vent
ost
udent
s.Ther
eadi
ngt
exti
sal
mostt
hesame,
the
amountoft
extr
eadi
sthesameasdur
ingt
hepr
etest
.Theaut
horgi
vesal
i
ttl
efr
ee
t
ime,
hopei
tcanbeusedwel
l
.Itt
urnsoutt
hatt
heyspend8mi
nut
esr
eadi
ngandt
he
r
estt
ounder
standt
her
eadi
ngi
nonepar
agr
aph.Andi
ttur
nsoutt
hatt
hepost
-t
est
t
hist
imet
hest
udent
swer
efast
ert
hant
hepr
evi
ouspr
e-t
est
.t
eni
tcanbeobt
ained.

Read1.
600wor
dsi
n8mi
nut
esor480seconds,
then:

1.
600×60=200kpm
480

Sof
rom t
hepost
-t
estandpr
e-t
estanal
ysi
sabov
e,i
tcanbeconcl
udedt
hatt
he
chi
l
drenhav
eexper
iencedani
ncr
easei
nreadi
ng.Al
thought
her
ear
est
il
lmanywho
ar
enotmaxi
mal
indoi
ngt
het
est
,itcanbeseent
hatt
her
eisani
ncr
easei
nchi
l
dren’
s
r
eadi
ngi
nter
estt
hrought
hist
echni
que.

4.
3.Anal
ysi
sQuest
ionnai
re

Thequest
ionnai
rewasgi
venaf
tert
hest
udent
sfi
nishedr
eadi
ngt
het
ext
.By
answer
ingagr
eeordi
sagr
eeon10mul
ti
plechoi
ceguest
ions.Di
scusst
hei
ropi
nions
usi
ngski
mmi
ngt
echni
quesi
nreadi
ngact
ivi
ti
es.Someoft
hechi
l
drenanswer
ed“
Yes”
andsomesai
d“No”
.Asmany55%ofchi
l
drenagr
eewi
tht
heski
mmi
ngt
echni
que
and45%t
heyst
il
lfi
ndi
tdi
ff
icul
ttor
eadwi
tht
hist
echni
que.Ther
easont
heydon’
t
l
i
ket
oread.

Ther
efor
e,t
eacher
smustal
way
str
ainandmot
ivat
est
udent
stoi
ncr
easet
hei
r
i
nter
esti
nreadi
ng.
 CHAPTERV

CONCLUSI
ONSANDSUGGESTI
ONS

5.
1.Concl
usi
ons

Basedont
hedat
aanal
ysi
sint
hepr
evi
ouschapt
er,t
hewr
it
erdr
awst
he
f
oll
owi
ngconcl
usi
on:

1) Mast
eryi
n under
standi
ng r
eadi
ng and mat
eri
ali
s needed by st
udent
s.
Ther
efor
eal
sogi
vent
her
ightt
echni
quef
ort
hem t
ouse.

2)Lear
ningwi
tht
hisski
mmi
ngt
echni
que,st
udent
sbecomemor
eint
erest
edi
n
doi
ngr
eadi
ngact
ivi
ti
esasi
ntheanal
ysi
sabov
e.Readi
ngact
ivi
ti
eshav
e
i
ncr
eased.

3)St
udent
swi
l
lthi
nkt
hatr
eadi
ngi
simpor
tantt
oincr
easet
hei
runder
standi
ng
andknowl
edge.

4)Byusi
ngt
hist
echni
que,st
udent
’sr
eadi
ngact
ivi
ti
eswi
l
lbemor
eef
fi
cientand
conci
sei
nunder
standi
ngt
her
eadi
ngcont
ent
,topi
cs,
andmai
nsent
encesi
na
t
ext
.

5)St
udent
swi
l
lbecl
osert
othet
eacherandenj
oyt
hel
essonmor
eift
het
eacher
pr
ovi
dest
her
ightdi
rect
iont
omot
ivat
ethem.

6)St
udent
swi
l
lbemor
eact
ivei
ncommuni
cat
ing,
becausei
ftheyhav
eopi
nions,
t
heycanbeexpr
essedt
pthet
eacheri
nthel
ear
ningpr
ocess.

5.
2.Suggest
ions

Basedont
heconcl
usi
onsabov
e,t
hef
oll
owi
ngsuggest
ionsf
rom t
heaut
hor:

Fi
rst
,teachi
ngandgui
dancer
elat
edt
oimpr
ovi
ngst
udent
s’r
eadi
ngski
l
lsmustbe
f
urt
heri
mpr
oved.Becauseatt
hei
raget
heyhav
enotbeenabl
etocont
rolt
hei
r
emot
ionswel
l
,themot
ivat
ionalencour
agementf
rom t
het
eachert
oat
tractt
hei
n
l
ear
ningEngl
i
shi
sther
e.Second,useappr
opr
iat
emet
hodsandmakechi
l
drenf
eel
comf
ort
abl
ewhi
l
elear
ning,
suchasaconduct
ivecl
assandal
ear
ningpr
ocesst
hati
s
notbor
ing.Wi
tht
henew t
echni
quei
nreadi
ngact
ivi
ti
es,i
twi
l
lbesuccessf
uli
fiti
s
car
ri
edoutcont
inuousl
y.
 REFERENCES

Dalman,2014.Def
ini
ti
onofr
eadi
ng.Ret
ri
evedf
rom ht
tps:
//www.
tr
ipv
en.
com/
ski
l
ls-
r
eading/
Mint
owat i
, Mar a. Under
i standi
ng skimmi ng t echnique. Ret ri
eved f r
om
ht
tps:
//pener
bit
bukudeepubl
i
sh.com/def
ini
sion-
readi
ng-
skimmi ng-
techniques/
Hurack,1982.Char
l act
er i
sti
cs ofjuni
orhi gh schoolstudent
s.Retri
eved fr
om
ht
tps:
//123dok.
com/
arti
cle/char
act
eri
sti
c-st
udents-smp-
descri
pti
on-
theor
y.zwv
jvr
1q
Sudarso,2001.Defini
sionofreadingskillsandt hepurposeofreading.Retri
eved
fr
om https:
//penerbi
tbukudeepubl
ish.
com/def
initi
on-r
edi
ng-
ski
ll
s/#:~:t
ext
=accordi
ng%20sudarso%20( 2001)%20ski
ll
s%20readi
ng,
mot ori
c%20fi
n
d%20skill
s%20readi
ng.
Nurhadi,ammadkk,1989.Under st
andi
ngskimmingtechni
ques,benefi
tsandt he
purpose. Retri
eved from https:/
/www.r
esear
chgat
e.net
/publ
icat
ion/
333156831-
techni
que-ski
mmi ng-
in-
readi
ng
Targan,2008. Ki
i nds of r eading skil
ls met hod inr eadi
ng. Ret
ri
eved f
rom
htt
ps:/
/penerbitbukudeepubli
sh.com/ def
init
ion-
reding-
ski
ll
s/#:~:t
ext=according%20sudar so%20(2001)%20skil
ls%20r
eadi
ng,mot
ori
c%20fi
n
d%20skill
s%20reading.