Nama:Nur

lat
if
a

Ni
m :2019310437

Fi
nal
Test:Soci
oli
ngui
sti
cs

ANSWER

1.Sociol
i
nguist
icsi
sthest
udyoftheconnectionbetweenl
anguageandsoci
etyandt
heway
peopleuselanguageindi
ff
erentsoci
alsi
tuat
ions.

2.Soci
oli
nguist
icsasAst
udyoflanguagei safi
eldofst
udywhi
chdealsmostl
ywit
hlanguage
use,part
icul
arl
yspokenlanguage,butnotthegr
ammat i
cal
orphonet
icst
ruct
ureofa
l
anguage.

3.whati
s:

a.Li
nguist
icsi
sthest
udyoflanguage-howiti
sputt
ogetherandhowitf
unct
ions.
Vari
ousbuil
dingbl
ocksofdif
fer
entt
ypesandsi
zesar
ecombi nedt
omakeupa
l
anguage.

b.Sociol
ogyoflanguagei
sthestudyoftherel
ati
onsbet
weenl anguageandsociety.I
t
i
scloselyr
elat
edtothefi
eldofsoci
oli
ngui
sti
cs,whi
chfocusesont heef
fectofsociet
y
onlanguage.

c.Lingui
sti
cit
em i
sasequenceofwor dmenti
ons( anat
urall
anguageter
minal
sequencefrom somenatural
languaget
hatisproducedbysomel i
nguist
icagentwi
th
theint
enti
ontobeunderstoodbysomel i
nguist
icagent.

d.Speechcommunit
iesaregr
oupst
hatshar
eval
uesandat
ti
tudesaboutl
anguageuse,
var
iet
iesandpr
act
ices.

e.Languangeisasyst
em ofcommuni
cat
ionwhi
chconsi
stsofasetofsoundsand
writ
tensymbolswhi
chareusedbyt
hepeopl
eofapart
icul
arcountr
yorregi
onfor
tal
ki
ngorwr i
ti
ng.

f
. Dial
ectaform ofal
anguagethatpeopl
espeaki
napar
ti
cul
arpar
tofacount
ry,
contai
ning somedi
ff
erentwordsandgrammar,

g.acreol
eisatypeofnatur
allanguagethatdevel
opedhi
stor
ical
l
yfr
om api
dgi
nand
cameintoexi
stenceatafai
rl
yprecisepointi
nti
me.

h.Codeswi
tchi
ng(alsocode-
swit
chi
ng,CS)i
sthepr
acti
ceofmovingbackandfor
th
bet
weentwolanguagesorbet
weentwodial
ect
sorregi
ster
soft
hesamelanguageat
 onet
ime.

i
. Borr
owi
ngi
sthepr
ocessbywhi
chawor
dfr
om onel
anguagei
sadapt
edf
orus
ein
anot
her
.

j
. Apidgini
sarest
ri
ctedlanguagewhichar
isesf
ort
hepurposesofcommunicati
on
betweentwosoci
algroupsofwhichoneisinamoredominantposi
ti
ont
hanthe
other

k. I
maginar
yworl
dsaresomet
imesknownasparacosms.Thesearepr
obablymost
commonaroundni
neyear
sofageandtypi
cal
l
yf adei
ntheteenageyear
s.

4.
WhatI
sReal
butExot
icwol
es,Fami
l
iarwi
ord,
andFami
l
ytr
eeModel

a.Real
butExoti
cWor l
d.Focuss
ing:f
oundwher ether
eisahighdegr
eeofcont
act
amongspeakersandagreementonli
nguist
icnorms(eg.ver
ycl
osel
ykni
tsmall
communit
ies)i
t'
sdefi
nebysomenat ur
alboundary.

b.Famil
i
arWor dI
fsomeoneors
omet
hingi
sfami
l
iart
oyou,your
ecogni
zet
hem or
knowthem wel
l
.

c.Thefamilytr
eemodel showst hedi
rect
ionofchangeandt herelat
ionsamong
l
anguages;theolderst
agesoft hel
anguagesbeinglocatedhi
gheri nthetr
eeand
di
rectdescendantsbei
nglinkedtothei
rancest
orsthroughstr
aightli
nes(or
branches).

5.Dialectdif
fusionspreadsf
rom agivenpointofcont
actl
i
kewavesont hewater.The
theorywasi ntendedasasubsti
tut
ef ort
hetreemodel,whichdi
dnotseem tobeableto
explai
nt heexistenceofsomefeatur
es,especial
lyi
ntheGermanicl
anguages,bydescent
from apr ot
o-language.

6.Ther el
ati
onsamongl anguage,cult
ure,andthoughtarecompl ex.Theempi ri
calevi
dence
fr
om diversedomainssuggeststhatcult
ureaff
ectslanguage,languageaf f
ectsthought
,and
univer
sall
ysharedpercepti
onandcogni ti
onconstrai
nthestructur
eofl anguage.