Snap2

Publ
icI
nter
nat
ionalLaw
BY:SONALITRI
PATHI
I
UU19BAL060

1.Resear
chandgiv
eproofwi
tht
hehel
pofexamplesofappl
icat
ionof
monist
ict
heor
yundertheI
ndi
anl
egalj
uri
spr
udence.
Moni st
ictheorywaspr onouncedi
nthe18thcentury .Accordi
ngt othisdoctri
ne
ther eexistonlyonesetoflegalsy
stem t
hatis,t
hedomest icl
egal order.I
thas
beendeni edbytheexponent soft
hist
heorythatinternati
onall
awi sdi sti
nctand
aut onomousbodyofl aw.Accordi
ngtoMonistictheor y
,municipalLawaswel las
Internati
onal Lawarepar t
sofoneUniver
sallegalsystem servi
ngt heneedsof
thehumancommuni t
yi nonewayortheother.

I
ndianConst i
tuti
onunderar t
icle51provi
desthegener alobli
gati
onsofIndi
at o
theworldbyst at
ingt hat:thestateshal
lendeavourto( a)promotei
nternat
ional
peaceandsecur it
y( b)tomai ntai
njustanhonorabl
er elati
onsbetweenNations,
(c)t
oFost err
espectf ori
nternati
onall
awandTr eatyobl i
gati
onsinthedeal
ings
oforganisedpeopleswi t
honeanot her&(b)toencourageset tl
ementof
i
nternat
ionaldisputesbyar bitr
ati
on.

Asf arastheapplicationofcustomar yint

ernati
onal lawisconcerned,itappears
thatIndi
ancour t
sf oll
owt hedoctrineofIncorporati
onwhi chwasal soadoptedin
GreatBrit
ain.ThatmeansI ndi
ancour tswouldappl ycustomaryrulesof
i
nternati
onal l
awift heyarenotov erri
ddenbycl earrulesofdomest i
claw.Ifthey
areinconfli
ctwitht hedomesticlawcour tsandappl ieddomesticlaw.

I
nGr amophoneCompanyofI ndi aLtd.v.Bir
endraBahadurPandey ,t
he
obser v
ationsofthesupremecour trelat
edt othebi
ndingforceofthecustomary
rulesofinter
nationall
aw.Itwasobser vedthatther
ecanbenoquest i
onthat
Nat i
onsmustmar chwiththeInternat
ionalcommuni t
yandmuni ci
pallawmust
respectrulesofinter
nati
onall
aw.Thedoct ri
neofincorpor
ational
sorecognises
theposi t
ionthattherul
esofinternati
onallawareincorpor
atedint
onat i
onallaw
 andconsi
deredt
obepar
toft
henat
ional
law,
unl
esst
heyar
einconf
li
ctwi
than
actofpar
li
ament
.

Astotreati
es,i
tissubmi tt
edt hattheyshal
lnotbebindinguponIndi
ancourts
unl
esstheyhav ebeeni mplement edbylegi
slat
ion.Theaboveviewisbasedon
Art
icl
e253oft heconst i
tuti
onwhi chsaysthatParli
amenthaspowert omakeany
l
awf orthewholeoranypar toftheterr
it
oryofIndi
af ori
mplementi
nganytreat
y,
agr
eementorconv entionwi thanycountryorcountri
esoranydecisi
onmadeat
anyint
ernati
onalconference,associati
onorotherbody .

2.Researchont
heroleplay
edbyt heUni
tednat
ionont
he
devel
opmentofpubli
cinter
nat
ionall
aw.
TheUnit
edNati
onshasbeeninexi
stencesi
ncelastmorethan70y ears.I
thas
doneacommendablej
obinthedevelopmentofpubl
ici
nternat
ionall
aw.The
achi
evement
softheUni
tedNati
onsmaybegener ali
zedundertheseheads:

 AvoidanceofThirdWorl
dWar: TheUnitedNat i
onshasr esol
v edmany
confl
ict
sanddisputeswhichotherwi
sewoul dhav ebeent r
ansf or
medi ntothe
worl
dwar .Confl
ict
shavebeenei t
hercompr omised, postponedorot herwise
prev
entedfrom l
eadingt
oseriousInter
nationalcri
sis.Since1945t heUnited
Nati
onshasnegot i
atedmorethan172peacef ulset
tlement sthathav eended
regi
onalconfl
i
cts.

 Promot i
onandpr otect i
onofhumanr ights:TheUni tedNationshasgi v
en
att
entionandimportancet ot hepr otecti
onofhumanr i
ght
sandf undamental
fr
eedoms.Theuni ver saldecl
arationofhumanr ightsof1948andt hetwo
i
nternati
onalcovenant sonciv i
landpol iti
calr
ightsandI nt
ernationalCovenant
oneconomi c,soci
al andculturalrightshav enotonlysetthest andardsforthe
tr
eatmentofhumanbei ngsbyt heirstatesbuthasal souniversali
sedthem.

 Decol
onisati
on:TheUnitedNat i
onshasdonear evourabl
ejobbyliberat
ing
mostofthedependentterri
tor
iesandcoloniesandthosepr ov
idi
ngt heri
ght
ofsel
fdeterminat
iontothei
rpeople.Al
so,thetrustter
rit
ori
esplacedunder
theTr
usteeshi
psy st
em havebecomei ndependent.

 Univ
ersal
ism :
Thei
ncr
easeinthenumberofmembersoftheUni
tedNat
ions
fr
om 51to193showst
hatithasachi
evednearuni
ver
sal
i
sm.
 ConclusionofConv ent
ions&Tr eat
ies:Over300mul t
il
ater
alt
reati
esand
conventionshavebeenconcludedundertheauspicesoftheUnit
edNations
coveri
ngt heenti
reareawhicharepossibl
ywithi
nthereachofthehuman
bei
ngsi ncludi
ngouterspace,moon,Antar
cti
caanddeepsea.

 Thinki
ngfort heThi rdGenerati
on: I
thasdoneacommendabl ej
obin
provi
dingthef undament alr
ight
st othethir
dgener at
ionbyconcl
udi
ng
conventi
onsdeal i
ngwi t
htheprotect
ionofnat ureandenvir
onment,
treat
ison
Armslimitat
ion, disar
mamentandnucl eartestban.

 Economi c,Social&CulturalDevelopment: I
thashelpedinthepromot i
onof
economi c,soci
alandculturaldevelopmentofthepoorestandmost
disadvantagedpeopleoft heworld.Eradi
cati
onofpov er
ty,i
ll
it
eracy,
unempl oymentandchi l
dsur vi
valanddevelopment,populat
ioncontrol
,heal
th,
medi calcareandfoodar esomeoft hear
easwhi chhavebeencov eredbya
l
ar genumberofspeci al
izedagenci esoft
heUni t
edNat i
ons.

 Respectf
orI
nternati
onalLaw: Thesett
lementofmanydi sputesin
accor
dancewit
hinternat
ional
lawbyt heInter
nat
ionalCourtofJusti
cewhich
i
sapr i
nci
palor
ganoft heUnit
edNat i
onsandcodi f
icat
ionofinter
nati
onal
law
havebeenamajorachievementoftheUnitedNaNat i
ons

Alongwit
ht heeffort
sofUni tedNat i
onsthememberstatesarerequi
redt
oco-
operat
ewi t
htheUni tedNat i
onst omakeitmoreeff
ecti
veandt heymust
demonstratethattheyar ewil
li
ngt oempowertheUnit
edNationstoactonthei
r
behalf
.Theyhav etopr ovethattheunit
ednati
onswhichwasseenasan
organi
sati
onofgoodi ntent
ionsinreali
tyi
sanorgani
sati
onofgoodr esul
ts.