ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

College of Nursing
2600 Legarda St., Sampaloc, Manila
Tel. 734-7371 loc. 210
Telefax: 7353509
www.arellano.edu.ph

Haryani, Riya S.
Midterm Exercise 1
Course Subject: Nursing Informatics
Objective: To be able to apply the Data-to-Wisdom Continuum Information Model
to clinical nursing case scenarios
Direction:

• Using the Data-to-Wisdom Continuum Information Model, indicate

examples of data, information, knowledge and wisdom through analysis of
the given case scenario below.
• Use the following format:
o Adjust the paper size to US Letter
o Font Style: Arial
o Font Size: 12
o Font Color: Black
• Save as NI Midterm Exercise 1 – (Surname, First Name)
Case: HYPOTENSION, LETHARGY, NAUSEA, AND ABDOMINAL PAIN
Ms. D., a 54-year-old patient, is brought to the emergency department (ED) by
her daughter because of weakness and decreasing level of consciousness. The
patient responds to brief commands to open her eyes and move her arms and
legs, but she is unable to answer any of your questions. The daughter tells you
that when she stopped by her mother’s house today for a visit, Ms. D was
complaining about abdominal and back pain. She also was a little bit nauseated
and vomited a small amount twice. Although usually she is very alert and
oriented, today she seemed lethargic and became increasingly sleepy. Because
of her lethargy and nausea, she has not had anything to eat or drink today.
Her past medical history includes hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, and
diabetes mellitus, type 2. The daughter brings in a list of her usual home
medications, which include enalapril (Vasotec) 40 mg daily, NPH insulin 42 units
in the morning and 30 units in the evening, lispro (Humalog) insulin sliding scale
for elevated glucose levels, metformin (Glucophage) 500 mg twice daily, and
atorvastatin (Lipitor) 10 mg daily.
You obtain the following initial vital signs:
Blood pressure 102/80
Pulse 102
Respirations 40
Temperature 102.4°F orally
O2 Saturation 76%
 WISDOM:
-Check blood sugar levels frequently and
administer insulin as needed. - Inform the
patient about keeping consistency in eating
and the rough times between meals.- Tell the
patient to consume less foods high in salt and
cholesterol.

KNOWLEDGE:
-Food is broken down into its simple elements during digestion. Simple
sugars, primarily glucose, are formed when carbohydrates are broken down.
For the body's cells, glucose is a vital source of energy. Glucose must go from
the blood and enter the cells in order to provide them energy. The blood-borne
insulin instructs the cells to take up glucose. The pancreas produces the
hormone insulin. An organ in the belly is the pancreas. The pancreas
generates more insulin when blood glucose levels rise. - If previous therapies
have failed to keep blood glucose levels within the recommended range,
insulin therapy may be used. By maintaining your blood sugar levels within the
desired range, insulin therapy helps prevent diabetic complications.

INFORMATION:
-In order for blood sugar to be utilized as fuel by the body's cells, insulin aids in its absorption.
-The liver receives a signal from insulin to store blood sugar for later use. When blood sugar
enters cells, blood sugar levels fall, which tells insulin to do the same. - Type 2 diabetes is
treated with the oral antihyperglycemic medications Glucophage and Glucophage XR
(metformin hydrochloride). Headaches, backaches, aches in the muscles, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, gas, or stomach pain are frequent adverse effects.

DATA:
-Ms. D.- 54-Year-old – Female – Past medical history includes: hypertension, peripheral arterial
disease, and diabetes mellitus, type2.- Symptoms: Abdominal and back pain, nausea, disoriented,
and vomiting twice. – Home medications: enalapril (Vasotec) 40mg daily, NPH insulin 42 units in the
morning and 30 units in the evening, lispro (Humalog) insulin sliding scale for elevated glucose
levels, metformin (Glucophage) 500 mg twice daily, and atorvastatin (Lipitor) 10 mg daily.- Blood
pressure=102/80 -Pulse=102 -Respirations=40-Temperature =102.4°F orally-O2 Saturation=76%
REFERENCES:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-DIKW-pyramid-of-nutritional-
epidemiology_fig1_339482337