Renewable energy and

Environment
Code Symbol MPE314B
 Sources of Energy
‫مصادر الطاقة‬
- There are two main sources; conventional
and renewable

- The conventional sources of energy, like coal,

oil and natural gas, have many disadvantages.
Types of energy
1) Steam power station . ‫يحطاث انقىي انبخاريت‬

2) Gas turbine cycle . ‫ًااام‬ ‫يحطاااث انقااىي انعاا‬

‫بانعزبيناث انغ‬
3) Internal combustion engines . ‫يحطاااث انقااىي‬
‫باسعخذاو يحطاث االحعزاق انذاخه‬
4) Solar power plants. ‫يحطاااث انقااىي انعاا ًااام‬
‫بانطاقت انشًسيت‬
5) Hydro ,wind power planet. ‫يحطاااث انقااىي‬
‫انهيذرونيكيت & انهىائيت‬
6) Solar wide energy . ‫يحطاث انقىي انشًس هىائيات‬

7) nuclear power plant. ‫يحطاث انقىي اننىويات‬

Energy conversion diagram

‫وانًخطظ انعان يىضح إيكانيت حىيم انطاقاث ين صىرة إنً أخزي‬
.‫وان كس ويسًً انًخطظ انبيان نعحىيم انطاقاث‬

Chemical
Geothermal Nuclea
Fuels
r

Hydro ,
wind
Solar Thermal

Electrical
Mechanical

Limited reserve:-

-: ‫معدل االحتياطى للطاقة التقليدية‬

 r 
n 1
  r 
R  P 1    1  
 100    100 
Where r is a continuous growth rate per cent,
n is the number of years for which the reserves will last
R is the reserve and P the present production rate.
Types of Environmental Pollution
‫صور التلوث‬
Air pollution
Electronic pollution
Water pollution
Soil pollution
Noise pollution
Thermal pollution
Environment Compositions and Ozone Layer

The environment consists mainly of:- ‫تكوين البيئة‬

• 1. Earth
• 2. Seas and Oceans
• 3. Atmosphere
It consists of the following layer:-
1) Troposphere layer
2) Stratosphere layer
3) Mesosphere layer
4) Ionosphere layer (Thermosphere)
5) Exosphere layer
 500 km Exosphere

220 km Ionosphere
800 km

30 km Mesosphere

32 km Stratosphere
15 km Ozone

18 km Troposphere
Surface of the earth

Ozone Layer
• What is Ozone?
• Production and characteristics of Ozone
• Main benefits of Ozone
• Protection of earth from Ultra violet radiation by Ozone

O3 Ultra
   O2  O
violet( day )

O2  O   O 3
at the night
 - Nuclear energy. ‫الطاقة النووية مميزاتها وعيوبها‬
+ Advantages and disadvantages:-
‫من أعلى الطاقات انتاجا للطاقة‬
High heating value (1 kg Uranium= 3100 ton coal or 1700 ton oil)
Safety problems constrains on the use

-Water Energy
Indirect ways in which solar energy is being used
- Steam power station

[ ‫] غاليت – زبينت – يكثف – يضخت‬ -: ‫وانعزكيب انبسيظ نهذه انًحطت‬

‫← حىل ف اننهايت إنً طاقت كهزبيت‬ ) ‫ هىاء‬+ ‫طاقت كيًيائيت ( وقىد‬
-Gas Turbine cycles
‫ه دوراث حزاريت إلنعاج طاقات ييكانيكيات حاىل إناً طاقات كهزبيات يان خاالل اساعخذاو‬
. ‫زبيناث غاسيت ألنها سعخذو انغاساث ف إدار ها وانعأثيز عهً انزيش انخاصت بها‬
: ‫و نقسى إنً نىعين‬
1. Open gas turbine cycle.
2. Closed gas turbine cycle.

І: Open gas turbine cycle : ‫أوال‬

- Wind energy
- The second important renewable energy source.
- It is also one of the indirect ways to use solar energy
- The kinetic energy of wind is used to produce
mechanical energy and then to generate electricity if
required
-Use of wind energy nowadays is considered economic