Cover Page:

Name: Ahmad Mohammad Naccash

ID: 201900560
Faculty: Business Administration
Course: Physics for Everyday Life - PHYS 002 – 1
CRN: 30045
Major: Management Information System
Assigned Instructors: Walid G. Malaeb, Mohamed Salem M. Abdelmoneim
Associated Term: Summer 2019 / 2020

2020
Contents

Cover Page:............................................................................................................................................1
What is a camera?............................................................................................................................................................................3
The evolution of camera:.................................................................................................................................................................. 3
The first video camera:..................................................................................................................................................................... 4
The First Photo Camera:...................................................................................................................................................................4
The parts of a camera:......................................................................................................................................................................4
Type of Formats:............................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Type of cameras:..............................................................................................................................................................................5
References:....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
What is a camera?
A camera is an optical instrument used to record images. At their most basic, cameras are sealed boxes (the camera body)
with a small hole (the aperture) that allow light in to capture an image on a light-sensitive surface (usually photographic film or
a digital sensor). Cameras have various mechanisms to control how the light falls onto the light-sensitive surface. Lenses
focus the light entering the camera, the size of the aperture can be widened or narrowed to let more or less light into the
camera, and a shutter mechanism determines the amount of time the photo-sensitive surface is exposed to the light.

 Light goes through the perspective at the front of the camera and enters the camera through an opening called the
gap.
 As light goes through the perspective, it shapes a diminished genuine picture. The picture centers around film (or a
sensor) at the rear of the camera. The focal point might be moved to and fro to bring the picture into center.
 The screen controls the measure of light that really strikes the film (or sensor). It remains open longer in diminish light
to give all the lighter access.

Leica Camera (1950s) Hasselblad 500 C/M with Zeiss lens Basic elements of a modern digital SLR still camera

The evolution of camera:

Who\When invented the camera?

 Who was the first to write extensively about the camera obscure, magic lantern, telescopes, and lenses:
German author Johann Zahn
 When was the first to write extensively about the camera obscure, magic lantern, telescopes, and lenses :
1814

The First Photo Camera:

 Who was the First to make a successful photograph of a camera image:
Nicephorus Niépce
 When the First successful photograph of a camera image was made:
1916

 How was the First successful photograph of a camera image done:

Using a very small camera of his own making and a piece of paper coated with silver chloride, which darkened where it was
exposed to light.

The first video camera:

 Who invented the first video camera:
John Logie Baird
 When the First video camera was invented:
1918

The parts of a camera:

1. The Lens:
The light enters through the lens, and this is where the photo process begins.
2. Body:
It is the main part of the camera and can come in different shapes.
3. The Viewing System:
Shows what will be in the picture, most often through a set of lenses, or through the actual picture-taking lens.
4. The Single-Lens Reflex:
Light coming through the lens is reflected up by the mirror to the viewing screen and through a five-sided prism, that turns the
inverted image right-side up and around to the eye. When the picture is taken: the mirror snaps up to position; the shutter
opens; and the light strikes the film at the back of the camera. Through-the-lens viewing produces the image virtually identical
to the one produced on the film.
5. The Twin-Lens Reflex:
Reflex has separate viewing and picture-taking systems. The lower lens conducts the light to the film. The upper one, coupled
to the lower for focusing, conducts light in a mirror set at a 45-degree angle which reflects it up through the viewing screen.
6. The Film:
Receives and records the image of the object being photographed on its light-sensitive surface.
7. The film advance:
Winds film onto the take-up spool from the original cartridge.
8. The Camera Body:
The housing for the various parts of the camera and keeps light from the film.
9. Aperture:
A hole or opening through which light travels.
10. Image sensor:
Converts the optical image to an electronic signal.
11. Memory card:
Stores all memory.
12. LCD screen:
Found on the back of the body and vary in size.
13. Flash:
It can sometimes be useful to provide a bit of extra light during dim or light situations.
14. The Diaphragm or Aperture:
A device to control the amount of light entering the camera by means of overlapping metal leaves forming an adjustable hole.

15. User control:

Will vary depending on the model and type.
16. The Shutter the other light control:
A protective shield which slides open to allow a measured amount of light to register on the film.
Type of Formats:
 Small format
35mm (1x 1-1/2-inch negative)
 Medium format:
6x4.5cm, 6x6cm, 6x7cm, 6x9cm, 6x12cm
(6cm x 6cm = 2 -1/4 x 2 -1/4-inch negative)
 Large format:
4 x 5 inch negative, 8 x 10-inch negative
Type of cameras:
 DSLR Cameras:
The short form of digital single Lens Reflex camera. It is the
most popular types of cameras used in the market.

 Mirrorless Cameras:
No optical viewfinder.

 Point and shoot cameras:

Compact cameras useful for people who want to capture
vacation pictures.

 Smartphone Cameras:
All smartphones come with dual cameras, one in the front for
selfies and one at the back, they can get DSLR like blur effects
on the photos.

 Bridge Cameras:
Lies between point and shoot cameras and DSLR cameras

 Medium format cameras:

It comes with a bigger camera sensor and at a higher price.

 Film cameras:
Control the Aperture and Shutter speed from the camera
  Instant camera:
Capable of printing photos just after capturing it.

 Digital Cine Camera:

Used for filming movies or documentaries.

 Action cameras:
Known for their miniature size, capable to fit into many places.

 360-degree camera:
They are capable of taking 360-degree photo with a single click.

 Rugged cameras:
Shockproof and waterproof cameras.

References: