CORE COMPETENCIES

UC 1
Prepare and Maintain Beds
Communication Differences
1. Different language
2. Hearing impairment
3. Visual impairment
4. Confusion/Dementia
5. Physical disability

Importance of Confidentiality
Factors to consider
1. Evidences
2. Counter checking
3. Must to remember
Body Mechanic
➢ Proper use of muscle to move and lift objects and maintain correct posture.
➢ It is the coordinated use of body parts to maintain equilibrium in relation in relation to
skeletal, muscular and visceral system and their neurological association.

Step to Good Body Mechanics

1. Correct posture
*Standing
* head erect
* shoulder back ease
* chest up and forward
* arms at side
* abdomen flat
* buttocks tucked in
* feet parallel to each other, one foot slightly forward
* standing for long time, put one foot on stool and change
position every 2 minutes.
 * Sitting
* head erect
* shoulder back ease
* chest up and forward
* hips bent at right angle
* weight supported by thighs
* sit back in chairs
* rest both feet on floor

2. Maintain good muscle tone

3. Maintain balance
4. Protecting your back
Basic Rules for Protecting Back and Practice Good Body Mechanics
1. Wear appropriate clothing
2. Plan the move and prepare the client
3. Move objects safely
4. Never bend over from the waist
5. Do not twist upper body

Effects of Client Immobility

1. Muscle atrophy
2. Pressure ulcers
3. Slowed circulation
4. Constipation
5. Pneumonia
6. Emotional effects of illness
7. Generalized discomfort
Basic Rules for Maintaining a Safe Environment
1. Adequate lighting
2. Clutter free
3. Removed framed and scattered rugs
4. Electrical applied checked by qualified person
5. Clean up spills
6. Keep windows and screens working order
7. Maintain clean floors and stairs

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

➢ Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious
workplace injuries and illnesses.
Perform Housekeeping
Supplies/Materials:
1. Floor broom/mop
2. Dust pan
3. Garbage/trash can
4. Pail with soap solution and water
5. Mop wringer
6. Dust cloth
7. Tray containing basin, pail, laundry/detergent soap, dusting
cloth, newspaper

Step/Procedure:
1. Bring the equipment to the area.
2. Immediate disposal of the garbage.
3. Start from top to bottom ( except on walls ), cleanest to dirtiest.
4. Come in door, turn to the right and begin cleaning, continue until you are back at the door
again.
5. To make work easier by taking few steps and using large brook/big sponge.
6. Work be done daily.
7. Arrange furniture and do other necessary cleaning operations.
8. Move furniture can be move and cover top with newspaper.
9. Inspect work area.
10. Return all equipment to proper places, clean and dry.

Perform Sweeping
Supplies/Materials:
1. Floor broom
2. Dust pan
3. Garbage/Trash can
Step/Procedure:
1. Bring all equipment to the area.
2. Leave trash can/garbage can out of traffic but near at work.
3. Start from entrance, sweep with proper strokes toward the center of the room, accumulate dirt
into a dust pan and deposit into garbage or trash can.
4. If dust is heavy, tap broom on the floor at the end of each stroke to free dirt.
5. Check the floor.
6. Arrange furniture and do necessary cleaning.
7. Clean equipment used and return to proper place.

Perform Mopping
Supplies/Materials:
1. Floor mop
2. Pail with soap solution
3. Pail with water
4. Mop wringer
Step/Procedure:
1. Bring all equipment to the area.
2. Dip the mop into the soap solution.
3. Place the mop into wringer and squeeze.
4. Starting from the corner, mop the floor using firm and heavy strokes to
loosen dirt.
5. Rinse and dry as necessary until whole area had been mopped.
8. Inspect work area.
9. Clean all equipment used and return to proper place.

Perform Dusting
Supplies/Materials:
1. Basin/Pail
2. Water
3. Detergent/laundry soap
4. Chicken feathers
5. Dust cloth
6. Newspaper
7. Broom/Brush with long handle
8. Metal polish ( optional )
Steps/Procedures: (Low Dusting)
1. Bring all equipment to the area.
2. Line the chair/stool with newspaper and place tray ( not on the floor ).
3. Start dusting from highest point down to the floor.
4. Dust in between the use of chicken feathers/dust cloth.
5. Dusting bars use the dust cloth and grasp the bars as you wipe around the surface.
6. Moistened dust cloth with soap and water to the area and rubbing with friction until dirt be
loosened.
7. Inspect work area.
8. Return all equipment to proper place clean and dry.

Steps/Procedures: ( High Dusting )

1. Bring all equipment to work area.
2. Move all furniture can be moved, if not, cover their top with newspaper.
3. Using broom/brush with long handle, start cleaning from ceiling to walls.
Remove cobwebs and other dirt and observe any cracks and crevices.
4. Brush window screen/duct windows bars using dry cloth or wet cloth with soap and water. Rinse
and dry.
5. Sweep the floor and collect all dust and deposit in a trash can.
6. Dust all furniture.
7. Dust inside cabinets beginning from top to bottom.
8. Arrange furniture back to their place.
9. Inspect work area.
10. Return all equipment used to proper place clean and dry.

Bed Making
➢ Act of arranging the bed sheets and other bedding on a bed.
➢ To prepare it for use.

Purpose for Bed Making

1. To provide comfort of the client.
2. To provide a clean, neat environment.
3. To prevent irritation and injury to the client’s skin.
Parts of Bed
1. Side rails – protect the patients from accidental falls.
2. Wheel locks – prevent accidental movement of the bed.
3. Patient’s signal – to call for assistance from the health personnel.
4. Electronic or manual control (crank) – to change the position.

Types of Bed Making

1. Unoccupied bed
a. Open bed
b. Closed bed
2. Obstetrical/Post delivery bed
3. Surgical/Post surgery bed
4. Occupied bed
Unoccupied Bed
➢ Type of bed that does not have a patient.
1. Open bed – top covers are folded back to make it easier for a
patient to get in.
2. Closed bed – top covers are drawn up to the head part over the
pillows.

Obstetrical/Post delivery bed

➢ Bed prepares for a patient who has given birth.

Surgery/Post surgery bed

➢ Bed prepared for those who had undergone surgery.

Occupied bed
➢ Bed prepared with the patient in it.

Stripping
➢ Remove all covering from.
General Rules of Bed Making
1. Assemble all items needed before start to make the bed.
2. Practice good body mechanics.
3. Make bed according to client’s need.
4. Make one side of bed before going to other side.
5. Do not use torn linen.
6. Keep bottom linens smooth and free of wrinkles.
7. Remove crumbs and food particles from bed linens.
8. Change linen when it becomes damp, wet, or soiled.
9. Follow rules for infection control.

Materials/Equipment:
1. Mattress pad or cover ( optional ) 6. Blanket (optional)
2. Bottom sheet ( flat/fitted ) 7. Bedspread
3. Draw sheet 8. Pillow
4. Bed protector/incontinent pad 9. Pillow case
5. Top sheet
Hand Washing
➢ Effective way to help prevent the spread of organism.
➢ Preventing nosocomial, or hospital acquired infection.

Procedures:
1. Stand in front of the sink. Give distance between your uniform and sink to avoid
contamination/carry organism from one place to another.
2. Remove jewelry.
3. Turn on water and adjust force.
4. Wet hands from wrist pointing fingers toward the bottom of the sink.
5. Use bar soap or liquid soap lather thoroughly, then rinse the bar soap and return to
soap dish.
6. Palm to palm, fingers interlaced. Back of fingers to opposing palm with fingers
interlocked.
7. Rotational rubbing of right thumb clasped in left palm, fingers and vice versa.
8. Rotational rubbing backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand and left
hand and vice versa.
9. Continue friction motion for 10 to 30 seconds.
10. Use brush or fingernails of other hand to clean under fingernail of the other.
11. Rinse thoroughly. Check for remaining dirt or soap.
12. Dry hands and wrists with towel or paper towel.
13. Use lotion on hands (optional)
Wearing Gloves

Purpose:
Protecting the patient from contamination and health worker.

Procedure:
1. Pack up glove with thumb and forefinger.
2. Put gloves on hand.
3. Slip partial gloved hand under cuff of second glove.
4. Pull second glove over other hand and pull glove.
5. Slip fingers of completely gloved hand under cuff of first hand.
6. Gloving procedure completed.
Equipment use and specification
Commode
➢ A piece of furniture that looks like a chair but has a container in the seat that people
who are ill or old can use as a toilet.

Bedpan
➢ Shallow pan which is placed under a person who is confined to bed to collect feces
and urine.

Urinal
➢ A bottle for urination.
 Perform Unoccupied Bed
Purposes:
1. To provide comfort of the patient.
2. To reduce transmission of microorganism.
3. To stimulate and refresh the patient.

Equipment:
1 bottom sheet
1 top sheet
1 pillow case
1 pillow
1 blanket ( optional )
Procedure:
1. Wash hands.
2. Assemble all equipment.
3. Grasp mattress securely and shift it up the head of the bed.
4. Place bottom sheet with its center fold on the center of the mattress with the bigger hem
line with the edge of mattress at the foot part. Bring the extra to the head part.
5. Grasp the corner of the mattress near you with one hand and lift to tuck the excess.
6. Miter the sheet at the top corner by:
a. picking up the edge of the sheet and holding straight up forming double
triangle.
b. Lay upper part on top of the mattress.
7. Supporting mitered corner, tuck the sides of the bottom sheet under the
mattress on the side one.
8. Place top sheet on bed with centerfold on the center and wider hem at the
head of the mattress.
▪ Open the top sheet layer towards the center of bed, bring the extra to the foot part.
9. Lift mattress, tuck top sheet under it. Miter the corner but do not tuck at the
side.
10. Fold upper 18” of top sheet down to make a cuff.
11. Move other side of bed and make other side.
12. Grasp the center of closed end of pillow case, turn it inside out over
hand. Hold pillow from center, pull the case over the length of the
pillow.
13. Place pillow at head part with open facing away fro the entrance.
a. open bed – fanfold top sheet to foot part
b. closed bed – draw the top sheet over the pillow.
14. Secure buzzer device on bed according hospital policy.
15. Arrange furniture.
16. Wash hands.
 Perform Obstetrical Bed/Post Delivery
Purpose:
➢ To have a bed ready for patients who have just delivered.

Equipment:
1 bottom sheet 2 pillow case
1 top sheet 2 pillow
1 draw sheet 1 rubber sheet

Procedure:
1. Perform steps 1 to 11 ( unoccupied bed ).
2. Fanfold top sheet foot part.
3. Place under pad/rubber sheet where buttocks lie and tuck if long.
4. If pad not available, fold any clean cotton sheet and put it where buttocks
will rest.
5. Put 1 pillow against head board, and other 1 pillow back of the knees will rest.
6. Secure buzzer device according hospital policy.
 Perform Post-Operative Bed/Post-Surgery
Purposes:
➢ To prepare warm, safe and comfortable bed in which the patient can be quickly
placed after surgery.
➢ To protect the mattress for being wet and soiled and possibly stained.

Equipment:
1 bottom sheet 1 bath towel IV stand
1 top sheet 1 gown oxygen tank
1 draw sheet 1 kidney basin suction apparatus
1 rubber sheet 1 blanket
Procedures:
1. Perform steps 1 to 8 (Unoccupied bed)
2. Do not tuck foot part.
3. Fold back top sheet part in line with the edges of the mattress. Fold back upper 18
inches of top sheet.
4. Move other side of bed and do same steps.
5. Bring up hanging side of the top sheet in line with edge of mattress. Fanfold to side
away from entrance.
6. Place bath towel across the head part of the bed.
7. Place pillow against the head part.
8. Hang the gown at the head board.
9. Snugly tuck the foot part of the top sheet.
 Perform Occupied Bed
Purposes:
1. To provide comfort for the patient.
2. To maintain a hygienic environment.
3. To reduce transmission of microorganism.
4. To refresh the patient.
5. To conserve the patient’s energy.

Equipment:
1 bottom sheet 1 face mask
1 top sheet pair of working gloves
1 draw sheet basket
1 rubber sheet
1 pillow case
1 pillow
1 blanket ( optional )
Procedures:
1. Check chart for limitation on patient’s physical activity.
2. Identify and explain the procedures.
3. Wash hand. Pat dry.
4. Assemble all equipment.
5. Don the gloves. Close the door and curtain.
6. Lock the wheels and adjust the bed and ask patient tolerance position. Lower side
rails nearest you and leaving opposite side rail up.
7. Check bed linen for patient’s personal items and hook buzzer to wall hanger.
8. Place bath blanket ( if available ). Have patient hold the bath blanket while
removing the top sheet. Leave top sheet if bath blanket not used. Loosen top at foot
part.
9. Assist patient to turn toward the opposite side of the bed, reposition pillow under
patient head.
10. Loosen all bottom sheets from head and side of bed.
11. Roll soiled linen as close to the patient side.
12. Using clean linen. Roll linen close to the patient.
13. Raise the side rail. Move other side and lower the side rail. Assist patient to
roll over folded linen. Remove pillow and change pillow case.
14. Use soiled pillow case as laundry bag.
15. Roll soiled sheets one by one and remove. Place in laundry bag.
16. Ease the clean linen from under patient.
17. Assist patient to return to the center of the bed.
18. Place top sheet over patient and have the patient to hold.
19. Secure top sheet under the foot of the mattress and miter the corners.
20. Raise the side rail. Lower and adjust head of the bed to a comfortable position.
21. Bring soiled linen to utility room.
22. Wash hands.
23. Documents.