Architecture Professional Practice

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1. Addendum A written or graphic instrument issued by the architect

before execution of the construction contract that modifies
the bidding documents by additions, deletions, clarifica-
tions, or corrections.

2. Alternate Bid Amount stated in the bid to be added to or deducted from

the amount of the base bid if the corresponding change in
work, as described in the bidding documents, is accepted.
Additive (+) Alternate; Deductive (-) Alternate

3. Alternate A proposed possible change in the work described in the

contract documents; provides the owner with an option to
select between alternative materials, products, or systems
or to add or delete portions of work.

4. Arbitration Method of dispute resolution in which an arbitrator or panel

of arbitrators evaluates the merits of the positions of the
respective parties and renders a decision.

5. Base Bid Amount of $ stated in the bid as the sum for which the
bidder offers to perform the work described in the bidding
documents, exclusive of adjustments for alt bids.

6. Bid A complete and properly signed proposal, submitted in

accordance with the bidding requirements, to perform the
work or a designated portion thereof for the amount or
amounts stipulated therein

7. Cash Allowance An amount established in the contract documents for in-

clusion in the contract sum to cover the cost of prescribed
items not specified in detail , with provision that variations
between such amount and the finally determined cost of
the prescribed items will be reflected in change orders
appropriate adjusting the contract sum.

8. Contingency Al- A sum included in the project budget to cover unpre-

lowance dictable or unforeseen items of work or changes in the
work.

9. Contract Sum
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The sum stated in the owner-contractor agreement that is
the total amount payable by the owner to the contractor
for the performance of the work under the contract docu-
ments.

10. Cost-Plus-Fee An agreement under which the contractor(in an agree-

Agreement ment between owner and contractor) and of the architect
( in an agreement between owner and architect) is reim-
bursed for stipulated direct and indirect costs of perfor-
mance of the agreement and, in addition, is paid a fee for
services.

11. Design-Build A method of project delivery in which the owner contracts

directly with a single entity that is responsible for both de-
sign and construction services for a construction project.

12. Fast Track A process in which certain portions of the architect's de-
sign services overlap with construction activities in order
to expedite the owner's occupancy of all or a portion of the
project.

13. General Condi- That part of the contract documents that sets forth many of
tions (of the con- the rights, responsibilities, and relationships of the parties,
tract for con- particularly those provisions that are common to many
structions) construction projects.

14. Guaranteed Max- A sum established in an agreement between owner and

imum Price contractor as the maximum compensation to be paid by
(GMP) the owner to the contractor for performing specified work
on the basis of the cost of labor and materials plus over-
head expenses and profit.

15. Legal Liability A legal obligation that arises out of contract or by operation
of law.

16. Liquidated Dam- A sum established in a construction contract, usually as a

ages fixed sum per day, as the predetermined measure of dam-
ages to be paid to the owner because of the contractor's
failure to complete the work with in a stipulated time, not
enforceable as a penalty.
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17. Low Bid Bid stating the lowest price proposed by two or more
bidders for performance of the work, including selected
alternates, conforming with the bidding documents.

18. Lowest Respon- Bidder who submits the lowest bona fid bid and is consid-
sible Bidder ered by the owner and the architect to be fully responsible
and qualified to perform the work for which the bid is
submitted

19. Lowest Respon- The lowest bid that is responsive to and complies with the
sive Bid requirements of the bidding documents.

20. MasterFormat A system for classifying building products ad systems by

materials and trades, e.g., concrete, masonry, thermal,
and moisture protection, etc.

21. UniFormat A system for classifying building products and systems by

functional subsystem, e.g., substructure, superstructure,
exterior closure, etc.

22. Mediation Effort by an independent party to help others reach settle-

ment of a controversy or claim. The mediator participates
impartially in the proceedings, advising and consulting
the various parties involved. A mediator cannot impose a
settlement but can seek to guide the parties to achieve
their own settlement voluntarily.

23. Negligence Failure to exercise due care under the circumstances. Le-
gal liability is imposed on a person that is negligent when
such negligence causes damage to some other person to
whom the negligent actor owes a duty recognized by law.

24. Prime Contract Contract between owner and contractor for performance
of the work or designated portion thereof.

25. Prime Contractor Any contractor on a project having a contract directly with
the owner.

26. Project Cost

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Total cost of the project, including construction cost,
professional compensation, land costs, furnishings and
equipment, financing, and other charges.

27. Proposal Re- A document issued by the architect after contract award
quest that may include drawings and the information used to
solicit a proposal for a change in the work; sometimes
called "Request for a change" or "bulletin"

28. Retainage A sum withheld from the progress payments to the con-
tractor and later paid in accordance with the terms of the
agreement between the owner and contractor.

29. Standard of Care The ordinary and reasonable degree of care required of a
prudent professional under the circumstances. Defined as
what a reasonably prudent architect, in the same commu-
nity at the same time, facing the same or similar circum-
stances, would do. It is the measure by which behavior is
judged in determining legal duties and rights.

30. Subcontract Agreement between a prime contractor and a subcontrac-

tor for performance of a portion of the work at the site.

31. Subcontractor A person or entity who has a direct contract with the
contractor to perform any of the work at the site

32. Change Order An amendment to the construction contract signed by the

owner, architect, and contractor that authorizes a change
in the work, an adjustment in the contact sum or the
contract time, or both.

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