PYRAMID 3.

shaft
1. offering chapel 4. base- torus, plinth
2. mortuary chapel CORINTHIAN ORDER
3. elevated causeway- passage 1. abacus
4. valley building- embalmment 2. cauli-coli
MASTABA 3. achantus leaves
1. stelea GREEK TEMPLE
2. serdab 1. acroterion
3. sarchopagus 2. pediment
ROCK- CUT TOMB 3. tympanum
1. sanctuary 4. raking cornice
2. sepultural chamber 5. entablature
TEMPLE- EGYPTIAN 6. triglyph
1. phylon 7. metope
2. hypaethral court 8. crepidoma
3. hypostyle hall
4. sanctuary MASJID/ MOSQUE
PALACE- ASSYRIAN 3 types:
1. seraglio- palace proper 1. Fami Masjid/ Friday Mosque- biggest
2. harem- family apartments 2. Madrasa- colligiate mosque, learning
3. khan- service 3. Tomb Mosque
MEGARON- EARLY GREEK DOMESTIC UNIT
1. enclosed porch CHARACTERISTICS OF FRIDAY MOSQUE:
2. megaron proper- living compartments
3. thalamus- sleeping room 1. Maqsura- screen
TEMPLE- GREEK HELENIC PERIOD 2. Dikka- reading desk
1. front portico 3. Mihrab- niche
2. crepidoma- stylobate, steriobate 4. Mimbar- palpit
3. pro naos 5. Liwanit- colonnade
4. naos 6. Fawara- fountain
5. epinaos/ posticum w/ or w/ opisthodomos 7. Sahn- open space
6. peroma
GREEK ORDER stele- slab
1. cornice serdab- statue chamber
2. frieze thalamus- sleeping room, megaron
3. architrade dromos- tholos passageway
4. capital peroma- space bet naos wall and column
5. shaft lacunaria- coffer, ceiling
6. base volute- spiral scroll in ionic, corinthian column
DORIC ORDER themenos- acropolis, sacred enclosure
1. abacus pinacotheca- bldg that holds painting
2. echinus glyptotheca- bldg that hold sculpture
3. trachelion
4. hypotrachelion
5. entasis- slight curvature

IONIC ORDER
1. abacus
2. echinus- volute
EGYPTIAN RCHITECTURE GREEK ARCHITECTURE
Character: simplicity, massiveness, monumentality Character:
Material: stone and brick Simplicity & harmony
System: columnar and trabaeted Purity of line
Perfection of proportions
Mastaba of Thi, Sakkara- Refinement of details
Pyramid of Gizeh- Cheops, Chepren, Mykerinos Material: marble
Tombs of the Kings, Thebes System: columnar and trabaeted
The Great Temple of Arnak (greatest example of Egyptian temple)
Great Sphinx at Gizeh (god horus) Palace King Minos, Knossos
Hanging Gardens of Babylon- Vitruvius & Nebuchadnezzar Acropolis, Athens
- Propelea- gateway
Egyptian Architects: - Pinacotheca- paintings
Senusurets- built the earliest known obelisk at Heliopolis - Glyptotheca- sculptures
Amenemhat I- founded the great temple at Karnak - Statue of Athena Promochos
Thothmes I- began the additions to the temple of Amnon Karnak - Erechtheion- unusual because of carriage porch
Amenophis III- built the famous Colossi of Memnon - Mnesicles
Rameses I- began the hypostyle hall at Karnak - Old Temple of Athena
Seti I- built the temple at Abu- Simber - Parthenon- largest
Ptolemy II- built the pharos of Light House - geatest example of greek architecture
Ptolemy III- founded the Great Seradeum at Alexandria - archt. Ictinus
- master sculptor- Callicrates
- Doric temple
ASIASIASTIC ARCHITECTURE- WEST ASIA - naos- made of gold and ivory
- holds the statue of Athena
BABYLONEAN AND ASSYRIAN - Theater of Dionysius
Character: simplicity, massiveness, grandeur - Temple of Nike Apteros- archt Callicrates
Material: brick - Ionic temple
System: arch and vault
Principal buildings: Temple of Zeus, Agrigentum- 2nd largest
Ziggurat: holy mountains - archt Theron
- 3 naos
Palace of Sarbon, Corsabat - Atlantes figure
Temple of Artemis- archt Deinocrates
PERSIAN (architect of light and airy magnificence, open type plan) - master sculptor- Scopas
System: royal palace are built on platforms to achieve monumentality Theater of Dionysus, Athens- prototype
: columnar and trabaeted - largest for 30,000 people
Theater of Epidauror- most beautiful & preserved
Palace Platform, Persopolis - archt Polycletos
Propylaea, Xerxes
Palace of Darius
Palace of Cerces
Hypostyle Hall of Cerces
Hall of Hundred Columns
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE St. Mark, Venice Italy- most important example of Byzantine
Character: S. Theodore, Athens
Vastness & magnificence S. Vitale, Ravenna
Olstentation & ornateness
Material: pozzolana & lime ROMANESQUE- “roman like art”
System: columnar, trabaeted & arcuated Character: Sober & Dignified
Material: stone & brick for Germany
Forum Romanum- oldest & most important System: arcuated
Forum of Trajan- largest forum principle of equilibrium through vaulting system made up of rib & panel vaulting
Temple of Venus, Rome- Appolodorus of Damascus Principal building: Cathedral- Greek cross plan (east oriented)
Pantheon Rome ( Sta. Maria Rotunda)- Agripa (corinthian temple)
Trajan’s Basilica, Rome- Appolodorus of Damascus Countries that adapted Romanesque:
Thermae of Caracalla ITALY
Thermae Of Diocletian FRENCH ROMANESQUE
Colloseum, Rome- vast ellipse- Archts- Vespasian, Domitian GERMAN ROMANESQUE
Circus maximus, Rome- largest
Mausoleum of Agustus, Rome Pisa Cathedral
Mausoleum of Hadrian, Rome (Castle of Angelo) Pisa Campanile
Palaces of Emeperors, Rome- by emeperor Agustus Cathedral
Palace of Diocletian, Spalato- largest Baptistery
Madeleine Vezelay- earliest form of cross-pointed vault in France
Abbaye-Aux Homes, Caen Order- prototype of Gothic
EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE Worms Cathedral- emperor Charlemagne
Character: Abbey of Bomay
Simplicity in design and treatment S. Semin, Toulousse
Coarseness in execution Autun Cathedral
Material: savaged from pagan structures Cahors Cathedral
Basilican plan for churches (east oriented) La Ziza, Palermo
System: trabaeted & arcuated Monreale Cathedral
Lubeck Cathedral
Basilican Church of St. Peter, Rome S. Trophime, Arles
Church of St. John Lateran S. Zeno Maggiore, Venice
S. Clemente, Rome Trier Cathedral
Torcello Cathedral
S. Sabrina, Rome GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Church at Qalb Louzeh France- style ogivale
- lofty & aspiry quality
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE - structural honesty
Character: - economy in use of material
Simplicity in external design System: Arcuated w/ Pointed Arches
Richness in internal treatment Material: stone
Material: bricks used for walls & concrete for domes Principal building: Cathedral- Latin Cross (west oriented)
Marble for columns
System: fusion of domical construction Countries that adapted Gothic:
FRENCH GOTHIC
Sta. Soffia of Constantinople, Hagia Sophia- for emperor Justinian ENGLISH GOTHIC
Arch. Arthemus of Tralles BELGIUM & DEUTCH GOTHIC
Isodorus of Miletus ITALIAN GOTHIC
- now a muslim mosque
Cathedrals archt Henrich Von Gmunden
Notre Dame, Paris- oldest Gothic Cathedral Sienna Cathedral- stripped marble found in walls & tiers of church
By bishop Maurice De Sully Santo Corce- Arnolfo de Cambio, 1 of largest in Europe
Finest & most characteristic French gothic Florence Cathedral- combination of gothic & renaissance
Chartres Cathedral- 130 stained galss windows Arnolfo de Cambio
Profussion of sculptured figures in west front Famous group bldg in the world
Rheims Cathedral- coronation church of kings of France Doge’s Palace in Italy- civic example gothic in Italy
500 carved statues on west facades Giovanni & Bartolome Buon
Ameins Cathedral- archt Robert de Luzarches Ca D’ Oro- one of the famous palatial homes during gothic period
Typical French cathedral Civic Cathedral- largest Cathedral in Europe
Carved woodwork on choir stalls
Beauvais Cathedral- tallest in Europe, 157’ to the vault
1 of the wonders of medieval in France RENAISSANCE- “rebirth of classical”
Fortified Towns Character: Dignity & Formality achieved thru symmetry
Carcassone- 50 towers, moat & walls System: Trabaeted and Arcuated
Castles Elements: pediment, horizontal cornice, columnar arcade
Chateau de Perrefonds- elongated location, overlooking town
Arch. Viollet- le- Duc Countries that adapted Rennaisance:
Cathedrals ITALY
1st div- Cathedral of the Old Foundation- served by secular clergy FRENCH RENAISSANCE
York Cathedral- largest cathedral among English cathedral GERMAN RENAISSANCE
Salisbury Cathedral- English gothic caharcteristic SPANISH RENAISSANCE
ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
2nd div- Cathedral of the Monastic Foundation- served by monks or regular clergy
Cantherbury Cathedral- 1st Norman church Brunelleschi- most famous architect in Italy
Winchester Cathedral- longest gothic cathedral in Europe Dome of Florence Cathedral- gothic & renaissance
Palazzo Pitti- largest except for Vatican
3rd div- Cathedrals of the New Foundation- served by bishops Alberti- author of first architecture book after invention of printing
presence of 2 chapels- lady chapel- Virgin Mary “De re Aedificatoria”
- chantry chapel- patrons are burried Church of Santa Andrea, Mantua- prototype of later renaissance
Monastery Bramante- first Roman architect of renaissance time
Westminster Abbey- largest Benedictine Founation Pazzo Della Cancellaria
Triple group of monastery Vatican Palace, Rome
Coronation church & burial place for Eng kings Raphael- cousin, pupil of baramnte & one of the greatest painters
Royal Palace- parliament & Big Ben Vatical Loggie
Westminster Church- highest Vignola-
Castles Villa of Pope Julius, Rome
Tower of London- builder Bishop Gundolf for William I Palazzo Farnese, Caprarola- most maginificent of Roman palaces
Gesu Church, Rome- prototype of Jesuit Church in baroque style
Manor House Michael Angelo-
Hampton Court Palace- archt Cardinal Wolsey Medici Mausoleum- wealthiest family in Italy
University Capitol, Rome- mos successful civil work
University of Oxford Longhena-
Cambridge University Sta. Maria Della Salute, Venice- structure in the middle of canal
Hall Church
St. Elizabeth, Manburg- typical church in Germany St. Peter’s Basilica- most famous in Italy, Renaissance period
Cologne Cathedral- largest gothic church in Northern Europe

Milan Cathedral- 2nd largest church in Europe

Florence Cathedral, Italy- 138’ Renaissance Awn Pugin
St Peter’s Basilica, Italy- 137 1/2 ‘ Renaissance Crystal Palace- S. Joseph Paxton
St Paul, London- 112’ Renaissance Somerset House- S. W. Chambers
Bank of England- S. John Soane
 FRENCH RENAISSANCE Gothic Revival
Chateau de Bury (typical French chateau) Renaissance Revival
Chateau de Blois (spiral shell staircase)- Leonardo da Vinci Personalities
Liver Pool Cathedral- S.G. Scott
Palaces Westminter Palace- S. Charles Barry
Palais de Louvre (historical artifacts)- Pierre Lescot
Palais de Tuilleries- Philbert de L’arme
(residence of French rulers till 1879)  Central Europe
Palais de Versailles (for Louis xiv)- Le Vau Neo Renaissance
Churches Madeleine Paris- Vignon
Church of the Sorbonne- Le Mercier Arc de Triomphe- Chalgrin
Dome of the Invalides (niche of Napoleon Boniparte) Brandenburg Gate
High Neo Renaissance
 GERMAN RENAISSANCE- French style, use of bricks Votive Church, Vienna- Fernstel
Heidelber Castle Neo- Baroque
Salzberg Cathedral Paris Opera House- Charles Garnier

Palace of Charles V. Granada- Pedro Machuca, best example

Escorial (art works)- Julian de Bautista, Julian de Herera
w/ monastery, collage, church & place
Granada Cathedral- Diego de Silde
One of the grandest cathedral in Spain
Tomb of Ferdinand & Isabela & others
EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Ritz Hotel- first building made of reinforced concrete & glass after war
- Mewes & Davies
Ecole Des Beaux-Arts- Architectural Design
Ecole de polytechnique- Engineering

 ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
Elizabethan Mansion AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE- Georgian/ Colonial Architecture
White House, Washington- Mckim, Mead & White
Architects: Independence Hall, California- Andrew Hamilton
Inigo Jones- deciple of Italian Renaissance
characterized by the use of bricks Classic Revival example:
Banqueting House, White Hall Capitol, Washington D.C.- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe
Queen,s House, Grenwich University of Virginia- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe
Sir Christopher Wren- deciple of French renaissance Montecillo Virginia- Thornton, Hallet & Latrobe
St Paul’s Cathedral- greatest masterpiece, model English Plan of Washington D.C.- Charles Pierre L’ Enfant
53 London churches Federal Hall, Washington D.C.- Charles Pierre L’ Enfant
Grenwich Observatory & hospital Washington Monument, Washington D.C.- Robert Mills
Fountain court & garden façade of Hampton Palace Philadelphia Exchange- William Stricklamp
Revival of Gothic example:
Trinity Church, New York- Richard Upjan
REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE- 19TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE St. Patrick’s Cathedral- James Wrenwick
Marked by Battle of Style- conflict between GOTHIC & CLASSIC
 Britain St. John the Divine Cathedral, NY- Le Farge
Greek Revival & Graeco Roman Marshal Field Store, Chicago- Henry Richardson
Railway Buildings
Personalities
MUSLIM ARCHITECTURE
Great Mosque Mecca
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem- holiest place
Great Mosque Cordova- capital of Islam religion in West
Giralda, Seville- most beautiful towers
Alhambra Granada- part of royal palace, most famous
Taj Mahal, Agra- most important, made of marble

INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
Great Stupa Sanchi- characteristic of Indian architecture
Golden Temple of Sikhs- holiest temple

CAMBODIAN ARCHITECTURE- Stone Carving

Angkor Thom- founder Jayavarman
- center of town Bayon (main temple 54 towers)
Angor Wat- one of architectural wonders of world
- largest religious structure in the world, behive shape towers

INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURE- Hindu influenced (stone carving)

Borubodur- largest budhist temple