PRE-HISTORIC

ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTER

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

NOTABLE STRUCTURE

PLANS

WALLS

DOORS AND
WINDOWS

ROOFS

CEILINGS

COLUMNS
MATERIALS ANIMAL SKIN, BONES, WOODEN FRAMES

WALL ORNAMENTS

ENTRANCE GATEWAY

STRUCTURES PERIODS PERIODS

STONE AGE ROCK CAVES ARCHAID
NEOLITHIC MENHIR-1 UPRIGHT STONE
MEGALITH-LARGE STONES W/ SEVERAL #s
DOLMEN-2 UPRIGHT STONE
CROMLECH- 3 OR MORE UPRIGHT STONE
STONEHEDGE - STONE CIRCLE
YANG-SHA:HOUSE IN CHINA

TYPE OF TOMB: TUMULUS-BURIAL MOUNT

TYPES OF DWELLING: HUT, TENT, IGLOO
MASTERY
BRONZE AGE HARAPPA:BRONZE AGE AT INDUS VALLEY 1ST LARGEST
IRAQI MUDHIF GRP OF BLDGS
SUMATRAN HOUSE

IRON AGE CHINA DYNASTIES: XIA, SHANG

DECADENS
OTHERS

TEMPLES

TYPES

SPHINXS
TYPES

OBELISK

AMENOPHIS III
PTOLEMY III
RAMESES I
PTOLEMY II
CRYPTOPORTECUS
 EGYPTIAN

SIMPICITY, MASSIVENESS, SOLIDITY AND

MONUMENTALITY

COLUMNAR & TRABEATED

POST AND LINTEL
MASSIVE STONE SLABS

PYRAMIDS

ASSYMETRICAL

BATTERED WALLS, NO WINDOW

SQUARE HEADED

FLAT ROOF FOR PROCESSION

NONE

FOR INTERIORS, MONUMENTS

HT:6D, VEGETABLE CAPITALS
BRICKS

HEIROGLYPHICS
FERTILITY: POTUSM PAPYRUSM PALM
RESURRECTION: VISCARA
ETERNITY: SCARAB

PYLON

TOMBS: MASTABA-USED BY PHAROAH

SARCOFAGUS-THE COFFINE
PARTS: SERDAB- INNER SECRET CHAMBER
PERTICULUS-BURIAL SHAFT
STELE- STONE SLAB OF PHAROAHs NAME
CHAPEL
FALSE & TRUE DOOR(THE TOMB)
STEP PYRAMID OF DJOSER
AR: IMHOTEP

SLOPE PYRAMIDS (4FACE @ CARDINAL PTS)

PYRAMIDS @ GIZA-1ST GRP OF PYRAMIDS
LARGEST-SMALLEST
P. CHEOPS(KHUFU)
P. CHEFRE(KHAFRE)-W/ LIMESTONES ON TOP
P. MYKERINOS(MENKAURA)

BENT/BLUNT PYRAMIDS
P. OF SENEFERU

PARTS OF PYRAMID COMPLEX

MORTUARY/VALLEY TEMPLE BLDG
CAUSEWAY
BOAT PITS
QUEEN'S PYRAMID
SATELLITE BURIAL
GREAT PYRAMID
ROCK-CUT TOMBS(FOR NOBILITY)
TEMPLE OF ABU-SIMBEL: 4SEATED COLLOSIAL STATUES
OF RAMESES II
CORRIDOR OF TOMBS
VALLEY OF THE KINGS IN THEBES

PARTS: PYLON-EGYPTIAN GATE

HYPAETHRAL COURT/GREAT COURT
HYPOSTYLE HALL-OPEN PILLARED HALL
SANCTUARY-DEAN SECRET ROOM
AVENUE OF SPHINXS
TEMPLE OF AMMON, KARNAK-GRANDEST
TEMPLE OF HATCHEPSUT-FUNERARY TEMPLE
MAMMISSI TEMPLE- SHRINE FOR GODDESSES
CULT-FOR WORSHIPING GOD(PRIEST ONLY)
MORTUARY-FOR PHAROAHS ONLY

MYTICAL CREATURE, APPROACH TO AVENUE

HORUS/ANDRO SPHINX-HUMAN HEAD, LION BODY
HERA SPHINX-HAWK HEAD, LION BODY
CRIO SPHINX-RAM HEAD, LION BODY

SQUARE PLAN, PYRAMIDAL SUMMIT, W/ HEIROGLYPHICS

HT: 9D OR 10D
MUNOMENTAL PILLAR
EARLIEST OBELISK BY SENESERET II
OBELISK OF TEMPLE OF THE SUN NOW AT ST.JOHN LATERAN

ERECTED COLOSSI OF MEMON

AR. OF GREAT SERAPIUM OF ALEXANDRIA
GREAT HYPOSTYLE HALL OF KARNAK
BUILDER OF FAMOUS LIGHT HOUSE
COLLONADE PORTICO
 NEAR EAST
(IRAQ)BABYLONIAN-ASSYRIAN (IRAN)PERSIAN
MASSIVENESS, MONUMENTALITY, GRANDEUR OPEN, COLORFUL
LIGHT AND AIRY MAGNIFICENCE

TRANCADED ARCH AND VAULTS COLUMNAR AND THRABEATED

ROYAL PALACES, ZIGGURATS PALACES

ARTIFICIAL PLATFORMS WIDELY SPACED COLUMN PALACES

BATTLEMENTED CRESTING COLORED BRICKS

WITH SCULPTURE MONSTERS SQUARE HEADED W/ MONSTER PORTALS

FLAT EXTERNALLY, DOMES TIMBER

NONE NONE

NONE LONG & SLENDER

HT:12D, BULL, LION, TWIN COIN CAPITALS
SUN DRIED/KIN BER BRICKS BRICKS(WALLS), TIMBER (ROOFS),
STONES(COLUMNS)

CHISEL ALABASTER ANIMALS, HUMAN, DEMI-GODS,

COMBINATION OF HUMAN & ANIMALS
WINGED BULLS
POLYCHROME GLAZE BRICKS

ISTAR GATE PROPYLAEA

TEMPLES: ELEVATED ON PLATFORM COZ OF CLIMATE PERSEPOLIS-PALACE OF DARIUS

PALACE OF SARGON PARTS: PARTS: GREAT STAIRCASE
SERAGLIO/PALACE PROPER: KING RESIDENCE PALACE OF XERXES
HAREN/PRIVATE CHAMBERS: FAMILY RESIDENCE HYPOSTYLE HALL OF XERXES
KHAN: SERVICE CHAMBER 2ND PROPYLAEA
PALACE OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR SMALL PALACE
ZIGGURAT/HOLY MOUNTAIN(4CORNERS @ CARIDINAL PTS) PALACE OF DARIUS
TYPES: ARCHAIC-MOUNT FIRE ALTAR HYPOSTYLE HUNRED COLUMNS BY DARIUS
MULTI-STAGES-FIRE ALTAR W/ STEEP STEPS
ASSYRIAN ZIGGURAT-W/ RAMP THAT GOES AROUND
HANGING GARDEN OF BABYLONIAN
BY KING NEBUCHADNEZZAR FOR HIS WIFE @ HIS PALACE

ISTAR GATE: GATE HOUSE

TERA COTTA PIPE: SHAFTS FOR VENTILATION
 GREEK

SIMPLICITY, HARMONY, PURITY,

PERFECTION OF PROPORTION,
REFINEMENT DETAILS

COLUMNAR AND THRABEATED

TEMPLES

SYMMETRICAL, FRONT @ EAST

BLOCKS OF MARBLE W/O MORTAR WALL FACING

W/ CORNICE @ TOP WALLS

SQUARE HEADE W/ CORNICE

TIMBER, TRANSLUCENT @ NAOS

PEDIMENT W/ ACROTERIA TYPES OF
VAULTS

LACUNARIA-COFFERED CEILING @ NAOS

COLLONADE FOR SRTUCTURAL PURPOSE

DORIC, IONIC, CORINTHIAN
 MARBLE

ANTHEMION-HONEY SUCKLE
MOULDING: PARABOLA, HYPERBOLA,
ELLIPSE

MARBLE
MOSAIC

PROPYLAEA

PALACE: PALACE OF KING MINOS TEMPLES

TOMB-CUT OUT IN SLOPE OF MOUNTAIN
PARTS OF TOMBS: THOLOS-CIRCULAR PLAN
DROMOS-HALLWAY TO TOMB
TEMENOS-UPPER CITY, ACROPOLIS,
SACRED ENCLOSURE
EX. ACROPOLIS IN ATHENS

2ND LARGEST PARTHENON- DORIC, PERIPTERAL, OCTASTYLE

GROUP OF BLDG AR:ICTENUSM CALLICRATES/S:PEDIAS
ERETHION-CARYATID PORCH
IONIC, APTERAL, IRREGULAR PLAN
TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE
IONIC, AMPHI-PROSTYLE, TETRASTYLE
AR: CALLICRATES BASILICA
TEMPLES TEMPLE OF ZEUS-2ND LARGEST, 3 NAOS
DORIC, PSUEDO-PERIPTERAL, HEPTASTYLE THERMAE
COLUMNS:ATLAS & TELEMON
AR: THERON 1.MAIN BLDG
TEMPLE OF APOLLO- AR:ICTINUS
DORIC, IONIC, CORINTHIAN, PERIPTERAL, HEXASTYLE
TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS-IONIC ORDER
FEMALE TEMPLE, FOR ARTEMIS/DIANNA OTHER:
AR: DEINOCRATES/S:SCOPAS
7WONDERS OF THE WORLD
THEATERS 2/3 OF THE CIRCLE 2.XYSTUS
TYPES: ODEION-KINDRED TYPE 3.OUTER RINGS
PARTS: CAVEA-SEATS OF APRTMNT
DIAZOMA-CROSS OVER AT CAVEA
 ORCHESTRA- USED BY VIPs THEATERS
SKENE-SCENE BLDG
EPISCENIUM-2 STOREY SKENE
PARASCENIA-FOR WIDTH OF ORCHESTRA
PROCENIUM-ROOFTED PART FOR ACTORS
THEATER OF EPIDAUROS-MOST BEAUTIFUL THEATER
THEATER OF DIONYSUS-30K CAPACITY PUBLIC SPACES
PUBLIC SPACES AGORA-OPEN SPACE, PUBLIC MARKET
STOA-COLLONADED SHELTER & SHRINES
DOMOUS-ETRUSCAN HOUSE
ASSEMBLY HALLS-FOR PUBLIC ASSEMBLY
PRYTANEION-SENATE HOUSE@HILLSIDE
BOULEUTERION-COUNCIL HOUSE TOMBS
STADIUM-FOOT RACE COURSE
HIPPODROME-HORSE & CHARIOT RACING
PALAESTRA-WRESTLING SCHOOL
GYMNASIUM-PHYSICAL EXERCISE
TOMBS PALACE @ PODIUM
EX. MAUSOLEUM OF HALICARNASSOS
FOR KING MAUSOLOS BY WIFE ARTEMISIA MONUMENTS
7WONDERS OF ANCIENT WORLD

ROMAN HOUSE

OTHER
 ROMAN EARLY CHRISTIAN

VASTNESS, MAGNIFICENCE, OSTENTATION, SIMPLICITY & MIXTURE TREATMENT

ORNAMENTNESS IN DESIGN, COARSENESS IN EXECUTION

ARCH & VAULT ARCUADED

TEMPLES, AMPHITHEATER, UTILITARIAN, BASILICA BASILICA WITH BELL TOWER

BOLDNESS, VARIETY(FUNCTION) RECTANGULAR SHAPE, FRONT @EAST

O.MIXTUM-ALTERNATING BRICKWORK FOLLOW ROMAN STRUCTURE

O.INCERTUM-SMALL STONE
O.RETICULATUM-NET-LIKE EFFECT
O.QUADRATUM-REC.BLOCK W/ MORTAR
O.VERMICULATUM-LIKE FORM, TRACK OF A WORM
O.TESTACEUM-TRIANGULAR BRICK

SQUARE HEADED DOORS, SEMI-CIRCULAR SEMI-CIRCULAR ARCH, LINTEL

HEADED WINDOWS

VAULTS & DOMES TIMBER TRUSS, DOME, APSE & VAULTS

WAGON HEADED/BARREL-SEMICIRCULAR
CROSS VAULT-INTERSECTION OF 2SEMICIRCULAR
DOME/HEMISPHERICAL

LACUNARIA-COFFERED CEILING LACUNARIA-COFFERED CEILING

INTERNAL & EXTERNAL USE FROM ROMAN BLDGs

POZZOLANA, LIMESTONE, BRICKS, MARBLE, TIMBER, RUINS FROM ROMANS
TERRA-COTTA

CONCRETE FACE, STONES MOULDINGS: GLASS MOSAICS FROM BIBLE

MOULDING: CIRCLES
ORNAMENT: ACANTHUS LEAF, MOSAIC
FRESCOS, STATUES
O.TESCALATUM-FOR, CEILING, VAULTS, DOMES,
O.SPICATUM-FLOOR
O.SECTILE-WALL

TRIUMPAL ARCH NOT MENTIONED

CIRCULAR/POLYGONAL & RECTANGULAR BASILICAN CHURCHES

SHORTER IN PLAN, FRONT @ SOUTH BASILICA OF SAN CLEMENTE, ROME
PARTS: ENTRANCE STEP TORCELLO CATHEDRAL
COLUMNS @ PSEUDO-PERIPTERAL STA, SABINA, ROME
PODIUM-BASE ST. APOLLINAIRE
PORCH CHURCH OF HOLY SEPULCHER, JERUSALEM
CELLA-LOCATION OF STATUE BY HELENA, CONSTANTINOPLE I MOTHER
PANTHEON-S.MARIA ROTUNDA
RECTANGULAR PORCH, CIRCULAR BODY
OCULUS, DOORWAY-ONLY ACCESS OF LIGHT
MAISON CAREE, NIME-MOST PRESERVED TEMPLE
SYMBOL OF RICHMOND VIRGINIA(T.JEFFERSON)
TEMPLE OF VESTA-MOST SACRED SHRINE IN ROME
AR: APOLLO OF DAMASCUS
HALL OF JUSTICE, COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE
TRAJANs BASILICA-BY APOLLODORUS OF DAMASCUS
PALATIAL PUBLIC BATH
3 MAIN AREAS:
TEPIDARIUM:WARM LOUNGE
SUDATORIUM: HOTTEST ROOM
CALIDARIUM: HOT RM W/ HOT WATER BATH
FRIGIDARIUM:COOLING RM
APODYTERIA:DRESSING RM
UNCTUARIA: OILS & PERFUMES
PALAESTRA: GYMNASIUM/P.EXERCISE
LARGE OPEN SPACE, LANSCAPED
LECTURE RM, EXEDRA, COLLONADE, RESEVOIR
1/2 OF THE CIRCLE
PARTS: CAVEA-SEATS
PRAECINTIO-CROSS OVER AT CAVEA
ORCHESTRA
SKENE
EX.THEATER OF POMPEY
AMPHITHEATER-GLADIATORS CONTEST
COLESSEUM-FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATER
AR:VESPASIAN
CIRCUS-HORSE & CHARIOT RACING
PARTS: SPINA-DIVIDER WALL
CARCERES-HORSE CAR PARKING
TYPES: COEMETERIA/SUBTERRANEAN VAULT
2TYPES:COLUMBARIA-ASHES @ WALL
LOCULI-ENTIRE BODY @ WALL
MONUMENTAL TOMBS-QUADRANGULAR PODIUM
PYRAMIAL TOMBS
TEMPLE-SHAPED TOMBS
SCULPTURES MEMORIALS
CENOTAPH-MEMORIAL MONUMENTS
ROSTRAL COLUMN-VICTORIOUS IN NAVAL CAMPAIGN
TRIUMPHAL ARCH-ARC OF TRAJAN
PILLARS OF VICTORY-VICTORIOUS GENERAL
INSULAE-TENEMENT BLDG
VILLA-CONTRY HOUSE
DOMUS-PRIVATE HOUSE
AQUEDUCTS-FOR WATER SUPPLY
FOUNTAIN TYPES:
LOCUS-LARGE WATER BASIN
SALIENTES-W/ SPROUTING JET
 ISLAMIC BYZANTINE

SECULAR & RELIGIOUS TYPE SIMPLICITY IN EXTERNAL

RICHNESS INTERNAL

SEMICIRCULAR ARCH DOMICAL & CLASSICAL COLUMNAR

STYLE, SHORT & TALL

MOSQUE, TOMBS, PALACE, FORT CHURCHES, BAPTISTRIES

FOUR-IWAN PLAN: 3SUB HALL, 1FRONTS MECCA GREEK CROSS, NO ENTRANCE PORCH
FRONT @ WEST

MIHRAB/PRAYER NICHE-INDICATING BRICK FACING, MOSAIC INTERNALLY

DIRECTION TO MECCA

???? SEMI-CIRCULAR ARCHES

DOMES, CUPOLA DOMES

FLAT ROOF @ PRAYER HALLS

???? NONE

NUMEROUS COLUMNS CUBIFORM TYPE W/ DESSERRET

???? BRICKS FOR WALLS, DOMES

ISLAMIC GEOMETRIC PATTERS, MOULDING: NONE

FOLIAGE BASED ARABESQUE ORNAMENT: GLASS MOSAIC,
ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY PEACOCK-IMMORTAL LIFE
GIRIH-COMPLEX MOSAIC PATTERN CHI RHO-MONOGRAMS OF CHRIST
ENDLESS KNOT-ETERNITY
PICTORIAL ARRANGEMENT
DOME:HEAD&SHOULDER OF CHRIST
PENDENTIVES:4 EVANGELIST
APSE: VIRGIN & CHILD
WALLS:SAINTS, MARTIRS, LIFE OF CHRIST

PISHTAQ NONE

PARTS OF MOSQUE: S. SOPHIA, CONSTANTINOPLE

MINARET/TOWER-TORCH-LIT WATCHTOWER AR:ANTHEMIUIS OF TRALLES AND
MAIN PRAYER HALL ISIDORUS OD MILETUS
IWANS-TO INTERMEDIATE BTWN PAVILIONS ST. MARKs BASILICA, VENICE
MOCARABE & MUQARNAS-SPACE-ENCLOSING SYSTEM ST. BASIL, MOSCOW
CENTRAL FOUNTAINS-FOR ABLUTION -8 BULB-LIKE DOMES
GARDENS CHURCH OF APOSTLES, ATHENS

GREAT MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS

GREAT MOSQUE OF KAIROUAN, TUNISIA-4MINARETS
DOME OF THE ROCK,JERUSALEM
-W/CIRCULAR GOLD DOME
GREAT MOSQUE OF SAMARRA, IRAQ
TAJ MAHAL-AR.STYLE:MUGHUL STYLE
 ROMANESQUE
ITALY, FRANCE, GEMANY
SOBER AND DIGNIFIED

ROMAN STYLE - ROMAN ARCH

CHURCHES, CASTLES, BAPTISTRY

LATIN CROSS PLAN

FRONT @ WEST

BUTTRESS (PILASTER STRIP)

DOOR&WINDOW JAMBS WITH

RECEEDING MOLDED PLANES
WINDOW: ROSE WINDOW @ WEST

RIBBED & PANELLED VAULTING W/ SLOPING TIMBER

QUADRIPARTITE VAULT-4 RIBS
SEXPARTITE VAULT-6 RIBS

VAULTS

LOWER, CLOSELY TO EACH OTHER

CIRCULAR OF STUMPY PROPORTIONS
 STONE, TIMBER, BRICKS FOR GERMANY

MOULDINGS: CARVINGS
ORNAMENTS:GROTESQUE FORM
FRESCO-VEGs & ANIMALS IN BIBLE ENGLISH

NONE

ITALY ENGLISH
3RD LARGEST PISA CATHEDRAL-FINEST EXAMPLE
GRP. OF BLDGS LEANING TOWER OF PISA-CAMPANILLE
BAPTISTERY-AR:DOITI SALVI

S.MICHELE, LUCCA-ECORATIVE ARCHES

SAN ZENO MAGGIORE-ROSE WINDOW
-SIMPLE FAÇADE, PROJECTING PORCH
PISTOIA CATHEDDRAL-MUISE ART

FRANCE ABBEY OF ST.DENNIS-START OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

ABBEY -AUX-HOMER-9SPIERS BY WILLIAM CONQUEROR
NOTRE DAME DU PORT-CONICAL DOMES
S. MADELEINE-1ST CROSS VAULT IN FRANCE

GERMANY MAINZ CATHEDRAL-SIDE OPENINGS ONLY

SPEYER CATHEDRAL-LARGEST ROMANESQUE CHURCH
WORMS CATHEDRAL-HAS APSE ON BOTH ENDS
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE-CORONATION CHURCH OF EMPEROR
BY CHARLEMAGNE FRANCE
ST.KUNIBERT-YOUNGEST ROMANESQUE CHURCH
TRIER CATHEDRAL-UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE
CASTLES - DEFENSIVE STRUCTURE, SYMBOL OF MIDDLE AGE
OTHER NAMES ALCAZAR @ MOORISH
CHATEAU FORT @ FRANCE
SHIRO @ JAPAN
BURG @ GERMANY
CELTIC COUNTRIES: CAER/CASTELL @ WEISH
CAISEN @ IRISH BELGIUM
 CAISTEAL @ SCOTS GAELIC
TYPES MOTTE & BAILEY-SURROUNDED BY FENCE
STONE KEEP-THE RESIDENCE OF KING OR LORD
RECTANGULAR KEEP-DUNGEON NETHERLANDS
ROUND KEEP/JULIT-TYPICAL CASTLE ITALY
CONCENTRIC/MULTIPLE-2 OR MORE CURTAIN WALLS
INNERWALLS, GATEHOUSE,TOWERS ARE HIGHER
QUADRANGULAR-CENTER COURTYARD SUR. BY BLDGS
ELEMENTS HALL-LIVING QUARTERS
KITCHEN-CENTRL HEART, FOR SIMULTANEOUS COOKING
PRIVATE QUARTER-GREAT CHAMBER @ ONE END
GARDE-ROBE- TOILET
PARTS DRAWBRIDGE-WOODEN BRIDGE TO CASTLE
MOAT-TRENCH WITH WATER
GATEHOUSE-MAIN PORTL ENTRY, VENICE
WITH:MURDER AND PORTICULUS
BAILEY/WAR-QENCLOSED COURTYARD
DUNGEON-FOR REFUGE BASE DURING SEIGE SPAIN
RAMPART- EARTHEN PART SURROUNDING CASTLE
TALUS/GLACIS-ENCLOSING DEFENSIVE WALL
CRENALLATIONS-TOP OF THE CURTAIN WALL
MERLOWS-UPSTANDINGG PART OF EMBATTED BTWN 2 CRENIES
TOWERS-DIFFERENT TO MINING& TO DEFLECT MISSILES

UNIVERSITY
 GOTHIC

LOFTY & ASPIRING QUALITY

STRUCTURALL HINESTY
ECONOMY (IN USE OF MATERIALS)

ARCUATED W/ POINTED ARCH

TOWERS CROWNED W/ SPIRES

LATIN CROSS
FRONT @ WEST

CONSTRUCTED ON RUBBLE MASONRY

WINDOWS W/ STAINED GLASS

STONES TRACERY W/ FOILS & CUPLINGS
TRACERY-BRANCHLIKE ORNAMENT @ UPPER WINDOW
PLATE: PIERCED SLABS OF STONES ON EDGE
RETICULATED: NETLIKE ARRAGEMENT
GEOMETRIC:PATTERN OF GEOMETRIC SHAPES
CURVILINNEAR:IRREGULAR, BOLDLY CURV FORMS

TIMBER OR LEAD ROOFING FOR COVERING

TYPES:TRUSSED RAFTER ROOF, BEAM ROOF,
HAMMER BEAM ROOF, AISLE ROOF
VAULTS @ NAÏVE & AISLES
QUADRIPARTITE, SEXPARTITE,
RIBBED VAULT, FAN VAULT
GARGOYLE:GROTESQUE CARVED FIGURE AS A SPOUT
FLECHE:SLENDER SPIRE ABOVE THE ROOF

VAULTS

PIERS ARE COMBINED W/ SHAFTS

STONES FOR WALLS & VAULTS

USED TO ENRICHED THE SIES OF OPENINGS

FOILS:TREFOILS,QUATREFOIL, CINQUEFOIL, MULTI-FOIL
STAINED GLASS
BOWTEL, POINTED BOWTELL, BRACKET, WAVE, KEEL,
KEEL, SCROLL, CASEMENT, HOOD/DRIPSTONE
MOULDINGS: BILLET, NAIL HEAD, CHEVRON
DOUBLE CONE, EMBATTED SANDWICH, CABLE ROMSEY

NONE

PARTS OF GOTHIC CATHEDRAL:

NAÏVE, TRIFORIUM, CLERESTORY, BUTTRESS
CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL-1ST ENGLISH NORMAN CHURCH
SALISBURY CATHEDRAL-ENGLISH GOTHIC CATHEDRAL W/
TALLEST SPIRE. HT:404FT.
WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL-LONGEST GOTHIC CHURCH. 560FT
YORK CATHEDRAL-LARGEST ENGLICH GOTHIC CATHEDRAL
WESTMINSTER ABBEY-LARGEST BENEDICTINE FOUNDATIONS:
GROUP OF MONASTERY, CHURCH & ROYAL PALACE
CORONATION CHURCH OF ENGLAND
BURIAL PLACE FOR KINGS & HONORED DEADS
102FT HIGH NAÏVE VAULT-HIGHEST VAULT IN ENGLAND
CHAPEL OF HENRY VII BY ROBERT VERTUE
DURHAM CATHEDRAL-FINEST EXAMPLE OF NORMAN ARCH
FOUNTAINS ABBEY, YORKSHIRE-1ST CISTERIAN MONASTERY IN ENGLAND
TOWER OF LONDON-BY BISHOP GUNDULF FOR WILLIAM I
HEMPTON COURT PALACE-MOST REMARKABLE RESIDENCE IN ENGLAND
BY CARDINAL WOLSEY

AMIENS CATHEDRAL-BY ROBERT DE LUZARCH

NOTED FOR CARVED WOODWORK AT CHOIR STALLS
RHEIMS CATHEDRAL-DOORWAYS CARVED W/ 500 STATUES
NOTRE DAME-BY BISHOP MAURICE DE SULLY
OLDEST FRENCH GOTHIC CATHEDRAL
CHARTRES CATHEDRAL-STAINED GLASS OF ITS 130 WINDOWS
LE SAINTE CHAPEL(HOLY CHAPEL-BUILD TO HOUSE RELICS OF CHRIST
BEAUVALS CATHEDRAL-LOFTIEST VAULT IN EUROPE
7 WONDERS OF MEDIEVAL FRANCE
ANTWERP CATHEDRAL-MOST IMPRESSIVE W/ ONE IMMENSE
 TOWER W/ SPIRE. HT:400FT
BEFFROI, BURGES-352FT. LANDMARK OF INDEPENDENCE
CLOTH HALL, YPRES-MOST FAMOUS COMMERCIAL BLDG.
ST.MARTINs CATHEDRAL-HIGHEST CHURCH TOWER IN NEATHERLAND
MILAN CATHEDRAL-BY HEINRICH VON GMUNDEN
2ND LARGEST GOTHIC CHURCH
ORVIETO CATHEDRAL-W/ PEDIMENT & SEMI-CIRCULAR DOOR
MOORISH INTERIOR
PALERMO CATHEDRAL-HIGH BREED ARCH, MOORISH INT.
S.CROCE, FLORENCE/ WESTMINSTER ABBEY OF ITALY
-BY ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO
LARGEST CHURCHES IN EUROPE & CONTAINS MONUMENTS OF ITALY
SIENNA CATHEDRAL-NOTABLE FOR STROPED MARBLES IN
WALL, PIERS, AND CAMPANILLE
C D'ORO, VENICE-FAMOUS PLATIAL HOME OF MERCHANTS PRINCES
DOGE'S PALACE-BY GIOVANNI & BARTOLOME
GRANDEST EFFORT IN CIVIC ARCHITECTURE
SEVILLE CATHEDRAL-LARGEST GOTHIC CATHEDRAL IN EUROPE
3RD LARGEST CHURCH IN THE WORLD
1987 UNESCO WORL HERITAGE SITE
BURIAL PLACE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
BARCELONA CATHEDRAL-ICONIC CATHEDRAL
BURGOS CATHEDRAL-FOR ITS VAST SIZE & UNIQUE ARCHITECTURE
TOLEDO CATHEDRAL-BUILT OVER A MOSQUE
SALAMANCA CATHEDRAL-HIGH BREED-RENAISSANCE DOME

OXFORD UNIVERSITY-GROUP OF SCHOLARS FOR UNIV. OF PARIS

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY-ESTABLISHED DUE TO MIGRATION OF
OXFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS
 RENAISSANCE
"RE-BIRTH OF THE CLASSIC"
DIGNITY & FORMALITY ACHIEVED
THROUGH SYMMETRY

TRABEATED & ARCUATED W/

SEMICIRCULAR ARCHES

SYMMETRICAL
DOME AS PREDOMINANT FEATURE

RUSTICATION ON LOWER PART OF WALL

BOLDLY PROJECTING CORNICES & MOLDED STRING
COURSES AT UPPER PART OF THE WALL

SEMI-CIRCULAR ARHED
INTERNALLY & EXTERNALLY

ROMAN BARREL & CROSS VAULT

DOMES RAISE ON DRUMS

VAULTS

CLASSICAL ORDER STANDARDIZED BY RENAISSANCE

ARCHITEC: PALLADIO, VIGNOLA, SCAMOZZI, CHAMBERS
MOULDING: ROMAN MOULING ELEMENTS
ORNAMENTS:CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY
& PAGAN SUBJECTS
FRESCO PAINTINGS FOR WALLS & CEILINGS

SGRAFFITO- TECHNIQUE ON WALL DÉCOR

NONE

FLORENCE CATHEDRAL (S.MARIA DEL FIORE)

BY ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO
DOME ADDED BY BRUNELLESCHI
CAMPANILLE & BAPTISTRY BY GIOTTO
ST.PETERs BASILICA, ROME
BRAMANTE-GREEK CROSS PLAN
GUILIANO DA SANGALLO-SUPERVISED BRAMANTE
FRA GIACONDO-CONTINUE SANGALLOs WORK
RAPHAEL-PROPOSED LATIN CROSS
BALDASSARE PERUZZI-GREEK CROSS PLAN
ANTONIO DA SANGALLO-ALTERED PLAN W/ EXTENDE VESTIBULE
LOFTY CAMPANILE, ELABORATED CENTRAL DOME
MICHAELANGELO-GREEK CROSS PLAN, REDESIGNED
SURROUNDING CHPELS&APSE, CENTRAL DOME
GIACOMO DELLA PORTA-COMPLETED MICHAELANGELOs DOME
DOMENICO FONTANA-SUPERVISE CONTRUCTION OF DOME
VIGNOLA-ADDED SIDE CUPOLAS
CARLO MADERNA-LENGTHEN NAÏVE TO FORM LATIN CROSS
BERNINI-ERECTED ENTRANCE PIAZZA W/ 284 IONIC COLUMNS
JACOBEAN ARCHITECTURE
ELIZABETHAN HOUSE, PARTS:
GRAND HALL/ HALL OF STATE-CENTRE
GRAND STAIRCASE-FORMS DIGNIFIED APPROACH TO RMs ABOVE
LONG GALLERY-MOST STIKING FEATURE. RUNS THE WHOLE LENGTH
OF UPPER FLOORS CONNECTED W/ WINGS TO CENTRAL HALL
WITHDRAWING ROOM/SOLAR-ROOM/APARTMENT ON UPPER FLR
 BAROQUE

SOLOMONICA COLUMN- TWISTED COLUMN

HUGE NAVY SCROLLS
STATUES IN ACUTE CURVES & POSITIONS
CURVED & OPEN PEDIMENT
-OPEN PEDIMENT
-SCROLLED PEDIMENT
-SWAN NECKED PEDIMENT

ROCOCO ARCHITECTURE
FRENCH VERSION OF BAROQUE
MORE STYLE OF DECORATION THAN
ARCHITECTURE
-COMBINATION OF SCROLLS, CUPIDS, CARTOUCHES
-SWIRLING LINES (INTERIOE, EXTERIOR)
18TH-19 CENTURY - REVIVAL 20TH CENTURY- MODERN
1760-1840 GOTHIC REVIVAL MODERN STYLES
ARTS & CRAFTS (1905-1930)
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE BUNGALOW
FEDERAL STYLE (1780-1830) PRAIRIE
JEFFERSONIAN ARCHITECTURE (1790-1830 VIRGINIA) MISSION
FOURSQUARE
ITALIANATE ARCHITECTURE (1850-1880) WESTERN STICK
PUEBLO
EARLY NATIONAL & ROMANTIC STYLE ART MODERNE (1930-1945)
GREEK REVIVAL (1820-1850) ART DECO (1925-1940)
RENAISSANCE REVIVL (1840-1915) INTERNATIONAL STYLE (1950-1980)

VICTORIAN STYLE
SECOND EMPIRE (MANSARD) 1860-1885
STICK STYLE (1860-1890)
QUEEN ANNE (1880-1910)
FOLK VICTORIAN (1880-1910)
ROMANESQUE REVIVAL (1840-1850)
GOTHIC PREDECESSORS W/ ROMAN FORMS
RICHARDSONIAN ROMANESQUE

PERIOD STYLES
COLONIAL REVIVAL (1876-1955)
BEAUX-ARTS (1885-1925)
TUDOR REVIVAL (1910-1940)