Francisco, Chistopher A.

MEDIA &
INFORMATION
LITERACY

February 22, 2023

I. SYNTHESIS

❑ Communication: Process, Principles &

Ethics
❑ Reflection (pair)
❑ Media: Definition & Types
❑ Role of Media & Information in
Communication
A1. DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION 3

Richard Nordquist (English and Rhetoric

Professor)

“Communication is the process of sending and

receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal
means, including speech, or oral communication;
writing and graphical representations (such as
infographics, maps, and charts); and signs,
signals, and behavior.”
DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION 4

Communication is a systematic process in

which individuals interact with and through
symbols to create and interpret meanings
(Wood, 2012).
4 Key Terms:
1. Process – implies continuity; ongoing;
communication is an ongoing activity (e.g.,
waking up in the morning until…) It is also
dynamic; it changes (e.g., words used).
4 KEY TERMS (WOOD, 2012) 5

2. Systems – communication is composed of

interrelated parts (including simple and big
systems of communication).
3. Symbols – spoken or written words, facial
expressions, gestures, and voice qualities
representing abstract thoughts/concepts.
4. Meanings – message/intent/meaning;
thought or feeling to be communicated
communicate. Meanings are the heart of
communication and the end.
A2. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION 6

Pearson et. Al (2011), components of

communication:
➢ people
➢ message
➢ channel (means)
➢ feedback
➢ code (meaning)
➢ encoding
➢ decoding
➢ noise, or barrier
A3. ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION 7

Set of moral principles; judgement of

rightness and wrongness
ethical communicators are:
➢ honest;
➢ aware of one’s thoughts and actions
and their consequences;
➢ valuing diversity and respecting others’
opinions;
➢ just and fair (& impartial and
objective)
A4. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION 8

(Guides in the practice and continuous

improvement of communication skills)
➢ transactional (two-way process)
➢ inevitable
➢ goal-oriented;
➢ various levels (interpersonal, intrapersonal,
small group, public or mass);
➢ complex (not just about the message, but
also about the relationship, including
personal, religious, cultural, educational, and
socio-economic);
➢ a skill
B. REFLECTION 9

With a pair, write a short reflection—or

takeaways—about the topics discussed on a
sheet of paper (1/2 crosswise).
Criteria Points Description
Content, 4 Rich in content and presents an in-depth
Knowledge, & discussion and elaboration of the topic;
Evidence of demonstrate knowledge and
Critical understanding of the given topic/s;
Thinking extends ideas with value-adding insights
and depth of analysis.
Coherence and 3 Demonstrates coherent organization and
Organization discussion of ideas.
Grammar and 3 Utilizes clear, concise sentences; contains
Mechanics minor grammatical errors
TOTAL 10