Retrotransposons are a type of transposable element that can move around in the

genome of an organism. In humans, the most active retrotransposons are LINE-1

elements (L1s) and Alu elements. These retrotransposons can be activated in normal
human tissue and can cause genomic instability and mutations.

However, the extent of retrotransposon activity in normal human tissues is still a

matter of debate. While it is clear that retrotransposons can be active in certain
contexts, such as during embryonic development or in certain types of cancer, their
activity in normal, healthy tissues is less well understood.

Studies have suggested that retrotransposon activity in normal human tissues may be
relatively low compared to other organisms, such as mice or plants. However, even
low levels of retrotransposon activity can have significant consequences over time,
as retrotransposon insertions can accumulate and lead to genomic instability.

Moreover, recent studies have shown that retrotransposon activity can be induced by
various stresses, including DNA damage and inflammation, which are common in many
tissues. This suggests that retrotransposon activity may be more prevalent than
previously thought, particularly in tissues exposed to environmental stresses.

Overall, while the extent of retrotransposon activity in normal human tissues is

still an area of active research, it is clear that retrotransposons can be active
in these tissues and can have important consequences for genome stability and
evolution.