MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

B@AEI^ID [@MO@JIFI_ID EEE

EBI^ID BEMEI

9.  [`dnilujuid

J`irdeda pcedt  p`mo`jifirid
 p`mo`jifirid mit`re Ebitid Bemei idtiri jied6

i.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid biribt`resteb ebitid6 ecd, bcvij`d, bcvij`d

bccrnedise, jcaim, lenrca`d, vid n`r Qiijs.

o.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid biribt`resteb ebitid (seami) nid ebitid

(ple).

g.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid bcds`p leorenesise, r`scdidse nid

ipjebisedyi nijim ebitid bemei 

n.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid biribt`resteb nid ipjebise t`cre ebitid

vij`dse nid t`cre croetij mcj`buj.

J`irdeda cof`gtev` p`mo`jifirid mit`re Ebitid Bemei inijil 6

i.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid nid m`daedt`rpr`tisebid p`ro`niid

ebitid ecd, bcvij`d, bcvij`d bccrnedise, jcaim, lynrca`d, nid Xid

N`r Qiijs.

o.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid nid m`daedt`rpr`tisebid strubtur

J`wes nire suitu mcj`buj

mcj`buj o`rnisirb
o`rnisirbid
id ^`cre Cbt`t J`wes.

g.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid nid m`d`dtubid f`des ebitid ecd

itiu bcvij`d o`rnisirbid dejie `j`btrcd`aitevetis.

`j`btrcd`aitevetis.
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

n.  milisesewi nipit m`df`jisbid nid m`daedt`rpr`tisebid giri

p`rtumpidatednelid croetij-croetij itcm o`rnisirbid t`cre ebitid

vij`dse.

`.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid giri p`rtednelid croetij mcj`buj

o`rnisirbid bcds`p leorenesise.

h.  miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid nid m`daedt`rpr`tisebid strubtur

mcj`buj o`rnisirbid bcds`p r`scdidse.

a.  Miliseswi nipit m`df`jisbid nid m`daedt`rpr`tisebid edt`ribse

croetij mcj`buj o`rnisirbid bcds`p Croetij Mcj`buj Ocdneda nid

Idteocdneda.

?.  Jitelid

W`j`siebid scij-scij jitelid o`rebut ede nid nesbusebid n`daid t`mid-t`mid

s`b`jis Idni.
9. F`jisbid n`daid niti, sb`mi njj. prcs`s t`ro`dtubdyi ebitid DiGj nid LGj. O`rnisirbid
 fiwioid t`rs`out
t`rs`out uriebid p`ro`niid hudnim`dtij
hudnim`dtij ebitid ecd nid bcvij`d.

?. ^ujesbid rumus J`wes udtub s`dyiwiid o`rebut (t`rmisub pisidaid `j`btrcd o`oisdyi)6
GL>, DL7, L?C, D?, GC?, OGj7, WH8, `tejimedi, ur`i nid is`tijn`leni.
is`tijn`leni.
7. Vit pinit yida m`mpudyie `d`rae bese t`ro`sir inijil6
i.  O`(CL)? 
o.  Ma(CL)? 
g.  Gi(CL)? 
n.  Wr(CL)? 
`.  Oi(CL)?
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

>. W`dyiwi idtir Lijca`d yida tenib mudabed inijil6 i.

GjH7 
o.  OrH
g.  EOr
n.  GjH> 
 
`. EH1 
0. \`dcd o`r`ibse n`daid H? nid m`dalisejbid \`H>.
i.  ^ujesbid p`rsimiid r`ibsedyi2
o.  ^ujsebid leorenesise yida t`rfine pini p`mo`dtubid \`H>2
g.  Aimoirbid strubtur s`dyiwi \`H>2
n.  Letuda fumjil pisidaid `j`gtrcd o`ois2
`.  O`ripi o`sir sunut H-\`-H.
8. F`jisbid edt`ribse croetij yida m`dalisejbid ebitid χs-
χs -s, χs-
χs-p, χp-
χp-p nid ϋp-p
ϋp -p
1. F`jisbid m`bidesm` p`mo`dtubid s`dyiwi leoreni GL>, EGj7, Gr(DL7)87+ 
<. F`jisbid ipi yida nemibsun n`daid croetij mcj`buj ocdneda (CM) nid croetij mcj`buj
idteocdneda (CM*)
5. Aimoir neiarim prchej `d`rae H?, tujesbid bcdheaurise `j`btrcddyi nid dyitibid sehit
miad`tebdyi.
9;. Letuda crn` ebitid nid urutbid b`buitid ebitid L?, L?+, L?-, L`?, Je? 
99. i. Ebitid ipi sifi yida t`rnipit nijim cbseni o`rebut6 MaC nid WeC?. F`jisbid
 fiwioid Wiuniri
Wiuniri n`daid niti.
niti. Aimoir sb`mi,
sb`mi, strubtur J`wes
J`wes njj. febi
febi
nep`rjubid.
o.  Aimoirbid strubtur J`wes nid neiarim croetij mcj`buj nire mcj`buj C ?. ^ujesbid
bcdheaurise `j`btrcd
`j`btrcd nire mcj`buj t`rs`out nid f`jisbid sehit b`miad`tiddyi.
g.  Ipi p`rsimiid nid p`ro`niid m`dnisir nire bcdheaurise `j`btrcd nijim itcm nid
mcj`buj 3
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

7. J`moir Nesbuse

Miliseswi m`dy`j`siebid
m`dy`j`siebid tuais pini j`moir nesbuse ede n`daid m`dujesbid pini
bcjcm-bcjcm o`rebut ede.
9.   [rcs`s p`mo`dtubid ebitid
ebitid ecd s`dyiwi DiGj 6
99Di (? < 9) ↟ Di + (? <) + `- 
-
91Gj(? < 1) + `  ↟ Gj (? < <) 
<) 
Pdtub m`dgipie b`stioejid, udsur Di m`mo`dtub ecd pcseteh n`daid giri
m`j`pisbid situ `j`btrcd, s`nidabid udsur Gj m`dgipie b`stioejid m`mo`dtub
ecd d`aiteh n`daid giri m`d`remi situ
s itu `j`btrcd.
Di+ + Gj- ↟ DiGj 
DiGj 

  [rcs`s p`mo`dtubid ebitid bcvij`d s`dyiwi LGj

9L(9) (m`m`rjubid 9 `j`btrcd udtub stioej nupj`t)
91Gj (? < 1) (m`m`rjubid
(m`m`rjubid 9 `j`btrcd
` j`btrcd udtub stioej cbt`t)
Miseda-miseda itcm L nid Gj m`m`rjubid 9 `j`btrcd, fine 9 itcm L ibid
o`rpisidaid n`daid 9 itcm Gj.
  Ebitid Ecd
Ebitid ecd inijil ebutid yida t`rfine ibeoit p`rpednilid `j`btrcd itiu s`ril
t`remi `j`btrcd
`j`btrcd nire suitu itcm b` itcm jied. Ebitid ecd nipit t`rfine i
idtiri
dtiri jcaim
(m`j`pisbid `j`btrcd)
`j`btrcd) n`daid dcd jcaim (m`d`remi `j`btrcd). Itcm jcaim ibid
m`j`pisbid `j`btrcd udtub m`dgipie b`stioejid s`ledaai m`mo`dtub ecd pcseteh
yida nes`out bitecd, s`nidabid itcm dcd jcaim ibid m`d`remi `j`btrcd udtub
m`dgipie b`stioejid
b`stioejid s`ledaai m`mo`dtub ecd d`aiteh yida nes`out idecd. Idtiri
ecd-ecd yida o`rjiwidid muitid ede t`rfine tireb-m`direb (aiyi `j`btrcstites) yida
nes`out ebitid ecd (ebitid `j`btrcvij`d)
  Ebitid Bcvij`d
Ebitid bcvij`d inijil ebitid yida t`rfine bir`di inidyi
i nidyi p`mibieid `j`btrcd
o`rsimi idtir nui itcm. [`mibieid `j`btrcd o`rsimi t`rfine pini udsur dcd
jcaim n`daid udsur dcd jcaim. [rcs`s p`mo`dtubid ebitid bcvij`d neaimoirbid
n`daid rumus j`wes nire rumus j`wes t`rs`out beti nipit m`da`tilue rumus
strubturdyi n`daid giri m`daaidte s`pisida `j`btrcd ebitid n`daid aires
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

?. i.  GL> 

o.  DL7 
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

g.  L?C

n.  D? 

`.  GC? 

h.  OGJ7 

a.  WH8 

l.  @tejimedi (G?L0DL?)

e.  Pr`i (DL?)?GC

 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

 f.  Is`tijn`len
Is`tijn`leni
i (GL?C)
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

7. W`p`rte yida neb`tilue oilwi s`mibed o`sir muitid ecd, mibi `d`rae bese s`mibed
o`sir, nid s`mibed o`sir fire-fire itcm mibi `d`rae bese s`mibed b`gej. Nid yida
m`m`dule b`nui syirit t`rs`out yietu zit pinit Ma(CL)?, yida m`ejebe muitid ecd
pijeda o`sir nid fire-fire itcm pijeda b`gej.

>. i. GjH7

o. OrH
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

g. Eor

n. GjH>

`. EH?

Uida tenib mudabed t`rfine inijil GjH7, GjH> nid EH1, bir`di udtub Gj nid E ibid b`j`oelid
muitid, s`ledaai tenib ibid t`rfine b`stioejid.
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

0. i. \`H`> + L?C = \`C7 + \` + LH ‗

LH ‗ [`daem
 [`daemoida
oida [`rsimiid
[`rsimiid Bemei.
o. Ini > pisida `j`btrcd ebitid nid ? pisida `j`btrcd o`ois, s`ledaai tep` mcj`bujdyi
m`durut XW@[_ inijil I\>@?. B`muneid croetij t`ribler \`, bir`di ini > itcm H, mibi
> `j`btrcd nire croetij
croetij 0p nire \` pednil b` croetij 0n yid
yida
a misel bcscda, s`giri tenib
tenib
o`rpisidaid supiyi m`mo`re ruida oiae `j`btrcd nire H udtub o`rpisidaid

n`daidddyi,
n, s`leleorenesise
s`ledaai
nid t`rfinejil
t`rfinejil daai t`rfine leorenesise
yida ne s`outyida
sp7 t`rnere
n ? . nire 9 croetij s, 7 croetij p, ? croetij
g. Wtrubtur s`dyiwi \`H> 

n. Fumjil pisidaid `j`btrcd o`ois ini ? pisida (>

( > `j`btrcd o`ois).
`. O`dtub sunut s`ae `mpit pjidir o`sir sunut ebitid 5;».
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

8. Edt`ribse croetij

Croetij s-s yida b`nui ufudadyi tumpida tednel s`ledaai m`mo`dtub ebitid seami.

Croetij s-p yida b`nui ufudadyi tumpida tednel s`ledaai m`mo`dtub ebitid seami.
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

Croetij p-p yida b`nui ufudadyi tumpida tednel s`ledaai m`mo`dtub ebitid seami.

Croetij p-p yida b`nui ufudadyi tumpida tednel s`ledaai m`mo`dtub ebitid ple.
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

1. M`bidesm` p`mo`dtubid s`dyiwi leoreni

i. GL> 
Itcm pusit 6 G   `.v. = > `j`btrcd
Itcm jied 6 >L  > x `- = > `j`btrcd
^ctij < `j`btrcd = > pisida
Bir`di tctijdyi > pisida, mibi o`dtub s`dyiwi leorendyi inijil sp 7 (^`tril`nrij).
o. EGj7 
Itcm pusit 6 E   `.v. = 1 `j`btrcd
Itcm jied 6 7Gj  > x `- = > `j`btrcd
^ctij 9; `j`btrcd = 0 pisida
Bir`di tctijdyi 0 pisida, mibi o`dtub s`dyiwi leorendyi inijil sp 7n (^reiacdij
Oeperimenij).
g. Gr(DL7)87+ 
Gr(DL7)87+ m`mo`dtub Cbtil`nrij, `dim croetij bcscd a ecd Gr7+, nui croetij 7n, situ >s
bcscda
nid >p yida ibid neese cj`l mcj`buj DL7 yida m`mo`re pisidaid `j`btrcd o`oisdyi
s`ledaai m`dalisejbid leoreni n?sp7 (Cbtil`nrij).
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

<. Croetij Mcj`buj Ocdneda (CM)

Croetij mcj`buj ebitid t`ro`dtub nire croetij itcm n`daid bcmoedise croetij itcm
edplis`. Ede m`dedabitbid b`ripitid `j`btrcd idtiri itcm yida t`rebit. @d`rae m`r`bi
j`oel r`dnil nire croetij itcm. @j`btrcd p`rtimi bije neese b` croetij mcj`buj ebitid nid
m`r`bi m`dstioejbid mcj`buj bir`di m`r`bi m`daiscseisebid j`oel s`nebet `d`rae
nirepini `j`btrcd nijim itcm ednub.

Croetij Mcj`buj Idteocdneda (CM*) Croetij mcj`buj idteocdneda neo`dtub cj`l bcmoedise
croetij itcm ne juir his` nid m`durudbid
m` durudbid b`ripitid `j`btrcd
`j`btrcd idtiri nui itcm. Nijim
croetij mcj`buj idte ebitid, `d`raedyi j`oel tedaae nirepini croetij itcm yida
m`mo`dtubdyi.. Bir`di hibti ede, b`tebi `j`btrcd neese b` nijim croetij mcj`buj
m`mo`dtubdyi m cj`buj
idteocdneda, etu m`daigiubid
m`daigiubid ebitid idtiri nui itcm.
i tcm.
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

5. -  Neiarim prchej `d`rae H? 

-  Bcdheaurise @j`btrcddyi
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

Nire aimoir ne itis nep`rcj`l bcdheaurise m`durut croetij mcj`buj inijil s`oiaie o`rebut.

χ9ss? , χ*9
χ9 χ*9ss? , χ?s
χ?s? , χ*?
χ*?ss? , χ?
χ?pp? , ϋ?p
ϋ?p? , ϋ?p
ϋ?p? , ϋ*?
ϋ*?p p? , ϋ*?
ϋ*?pp? 
itiu
? ? ?
(χ9
χ9s)s)  , ((χ*9
χ*9s)
s)  , ((χ?
χ?s)
s)  , (χ*?
(χ*?s)s)? , ((χ?p)? , ((ϋ?
χ?p) p)> , ((ϋ*
ϋ?p) ?p)> 
ϋ* ?p)

-  Wehit Miad`teb
O`rsehit pirimiad`teb
pirimiad`teb bir`di ini `j`btrcd yida tenib o`rpisidaid
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

9;. Crn` Ebitid nid urutid b`buitid ebitid

(?.9)
?.9) ∟;
-  Crn` ebitid L? =   =9
?
(?.9)
?.9) ∟9 9
-  Crn` ebitid L?+  =   =   = ;,0
? ?
(?.9)
?.9)+9 7
-  Crn` ebitid L?-  =   =   = 9,0
? ?
(?.9)
?.9)∟; <
 
- Crn` ebitid L`? = ?   = ?  = >
(7.9)
7.9)∟; 7
-  Crn` ebitid Je? =   =   = 9,0
? ?

99. i. Ebitid yida t`rnipit nijim cbseni

 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

MaC ↟ Ebitid ecd

WeC?  ↟ Ebitid bcvij`d
Wb`mi 6 MaC
MaC ↟ Ma? + ? `∟ 
C + `∟  ↟ C?∟ 

Ma + C ↟ MaC
Wtrubtur J`wes 6 MaC

Wb`mi 6 WeC? 
We + C? ↟ WeC? 
Wtrubtur J`wes 6 WeC? 

o. Wtrubtur J`wes nid neiarim croetij mcj`buj

-  Wtrubtur J`wes mcj`buj C? 

-  Neiarim croetij C?- 

 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

-  Bcdheaurise @j`btrcd 6
χ9s?, χ*9s?, χ?s?, χ*?s?, χ?p?, ϋ?p>, ϋ*?p? 
-  Wehit B`miad`tid 6
O`rsehit pirimiad`teb bir`di ini `j`btrcd yida tenib o`rpisidaid.

g. [`rsimiid nid p`ro`niid bcdheaurise `j`btrcd nijim itcm nid mcj`buj

[`rsimiid nire bcdheaurise nijim itcm nid mcj`buj yietu susudid `j`btrcddyi, nid
p`ro`niiddyi udtub itcm s`suie fumjil `j`btrcd s`nidabid pnin mcj`buj t`rfine
leorenesise.
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
^PAIW MCNPJ 7 W@M@W^@_ 9

 
 

MI^I BPJEIL 6
^EM NCW@D BEMEI BEMEI NIWI_
PDE^ MI^I BPJEIL PMPM BCN@6
9<U;?99;1;?
PDEX@_WE^IW LIWIDPNNED
9<U;?99;1;7 
 

W@M@W^@_ 9

^PAIW MCNPJ 7

Mibissir, 5 W`pt`mo`r
W`pt`mo`r ?;?;

Dimi miliseswi 6 Inejjil

Dem 6 A;89?99;87

[rcne 6 [rct`bse ^idimid