I.

Qngldldbig Bnsneitig

9. Qngjnrtdig

Qngldldbig bnsneitig ilihie iphdbisd itiu pngnripig pngldldbig lihi` mdligj

bnsneitig. [nkiri cpnrisdcgih pngldldbig bnsneitig ilihie sn`ui bnjditig ugtub
`n`mnr
`n`mnrdbi
dbig
g lig `ngdgj
`ngdgjbit
bitbig
big pngjnt
pngjntieu
ieuig,
ig, sdbip,
sdbip, pribtn
pribtnb
b midb
midb dgldvd
dgldvdlu
lu,,
bnhc`p
bnhc`pcb
cb itiu
itiu `isyir
`isyiribi
ibitt lihi`
lihi` `n`nhde
`n`nhdeiri
iri lig `ngdgj
`ngdgjbit
bitbig
big bnsnei
bnsneitig
tig
`nrnbi sngldrd (Gctcit`cloc, =19=).

=. \uouig pngldldbig bnsneitig

@ngurut [usdhc (=199) tuouig pngldldbig bnsneitig tnrldrd lird ?

i. \uouig
\uouig bidtig
bidtiggyi
gyi lngjig
lngjig mitisig
mitisig sneit
sneit
@ngurut ZEC (94><) pngldldbig bnsneitig ilihie ugtub `ngjumie pnrdhibu
crigj itiu `isyiribit lird pnrdhibu tdlib sneit `ngoild pnrdhibu sneit.
m. @ngjumie pnrdhibubidtiggyi lngjig muliyi
muliyi
[dbip lig pnrdhibu ilihie mijdig lird muliyi. Bnmdisiig, ilit dstdilit, titi
gdhid itiu gcr`i ilihie bnmuliyiig.

;. [isirig Qngldldbig Bnsneitig

@ngurut [usdhc (=199) sisirig pngldldbig bnsneitig ld dglcgnsdi, mnrlisirbig

bnpili prcjri` pn`migjugig ld dglcgnsdi ilihie ?

i. @isyiribit
@isyiribit u`u`
u`u` lngjig
lngjig mnrcrdng
mnrcrdngtisd
tisd pili
pili `isyirib
`isyiribit
it pnlnsiig
pnlnsiig..
m. @isyiribit lihi` bnhc`pcb tnrtngtu, snpnrtd wigdti, pn`uli, rn`ioi.
\nr`isub lihi` bnhc`pcb dgd ilihie bnhc`pcb pngldldbig `uhid lird \B
si`pid pnrjuruig tdgjjd, snbchie iji`i swisti, `iupug gnjnrd.
k. [isirig dgldvdlu
dgldvdlu lngjig
lngjig tnbgdb
tnbgdb pngldldb
pngldldbig
ig bnsneitig
bnsneitig dgldvdlu
dgldvdlu

<. Fibtcr ‛ Fibtcr yigj @n`pngjirued Qngldldbig Bnsneitig

 Mnmnripi
Mnmnripi fibtcr
fibtcr yigj pnrhu ldpnreitdbig
ldpnreitdbig ijir pngldldbig
pngldldbig bnsneitig lipit
`ngkipid sisirig ([irijde, =191) yidtu ?

i. \dgjbit pngldldbig

Qngldldbig lipit `n`pngjirued kiri pigligj snsncrigj, tnreilip dgfcr`isd

miru yigj ldtnrd`igyi. @ibi lipit ldbitibig miewi sn`ibdg tdgjjd tdgjbit
pngldldbiggyi, sn`ibdg `ulie snsncrigj `ngnrd`i dgfcr`isd yigj
ldlipitgyi.

m. \dgjbit scsdih nbcgc`d

[n`ibdg tdgjjd tdgjbit scsdih nbcgc`d snsncrigj, sn`ibdg `ulie puhi lihi`
`ngnrd`i dgfcr`isd miru.

k. Ilit dstdilit

@isyirib
@isyiribit
it bdti
bdti `isde
`isde sigjit
sigjit `ngjei
`ngjeirji
rjidd lig `ngjig
`ngjigjji
jjip
p ilit
ilit dstdil
dstdilit
it
snmijid snsuitu yigj tdlib mchne ld imidbig.

l. Bnpnrkiyiig `isyiribit

@isyiribit hnmde @n`pnreitdbig dgfcr`isd yigj ld si`pidbig chne crigj ‛

crigj yigj sulie `nrnbi bngih, birngi sulie ili bnpnrkiyiig `isyiribit
lngjig pngyi`pid dgfcr`isd.

n. Bntnrsnldiig wibtu ld`isyiribit

Zibt
Zibtu
u pn
pngy
gyi`
i`pi
pidi
dig
g dg
dgfc
fcr`
r`isd
isd ei
eiru
russ `n`p
`n`pnre
nreit
itdb
dbig
ig tdgj
tdgjbi
bitt ib
ibtd
tdfd
fdtis
tis
`isyiribit ugtub `ngoi`dg tdgjbit bneildrig `isyiribit lihi` pngyuhueig.

>. ]uigj Hdgjbup Qngldldbig Bnsneitig

]uigj hdgjbup pngldldbig bnsneitig `ngurut @umirib (=114) yidtu?

i. Ld`ngsd [isirig

9) Qngldldbig
Qngldldbig bnsneitig
bnsneitig dgldvdl
dgldvdluih
uih lngjig
lngjig sisirig
sisirig dgldvdl
dgldvdlu.
u.
=) Qngldldbig
Qngldldbig bnsneitig
bnsneitig bnhc`pc
bnhc`pcb
b lngjig
lngjig sisirig
sisirig bnhc`pcb
bnhc`pcb..

;) Qngldldbig
Qngldldbig bnsneitig
bnsneitig `isyirib
`isyiribit
it lngjig
lngjig sisirig
sisirig `isyiribit.
`isyiribit.
 m. Ld`ngsd \n`pit Qnhibsigiiggyi

9) Qngldldbig
Qngldldbig bnsneiti
bnsneitig
g ld snbchie,
snbchie, ldhibub
ldhibubig
ig ld snbchie
snbchie lngjig
lngjig sisirig
sisirig
`urdl yigj pnhibsigiiggyi lddgtnjrisdbig lngjig ^piyi Bnsneitig
[nbchie (^B[).

=) Qngl
Qngldl
dldb
dbig
ig bn
bnsn
snei
eiti
tig
g ld pn
pnhi
hiyi
yigi
gig
g bn
bnsne
sneit
itig
ig,, ld Qusit
Qusit Bnsne
Bnsneit
itig
ig
@isyiribit, Mihid Bnsneitig, ]u`ie [ibdt ^`u` `iupug beusus
lngjig sisirig pisdng lig bnhuirji pisdng.
;) Qngldl
Qngldldbi
dbig
g bnsneit
bnsneitig
ig ld tn`pit
tn`pit-tn`
-tn`pit
pit bnroi lngjig
lngjig sisirig
sisirig murue
murue
itiu biryiwig.

k. \dgjbit Qnhiyigig Qngldldbig Bnsneitig

9) Qrc`cs
Qrc`csdd Bnsneit
Bnsneitig
ig ( Enihte
Enihte Qrc`c
Qrc`ctdc
tdcg
g ).
=) Qnrhdglugj
Qnrhdglugjig
ig Beusu
Beususs ( [pnkdfdk
[pnkdfdk Qrctnkt
Qrctnktdcg
dcg ).
;) Ldijgc
Ldijgcsi
si ldgd lig pngjcmi
pngjcmitig
tig snjnri
snjnri ( Nirhy
Nirhy Ldijgcs
Ldijgcsds
ds igl Qrc`pt
Qrc`pt
\rnit`ngt ).
<) Qn`mit
Qn`mitisig
isig kikit
kikit ( Ldsimdh
Ldsimdhdty
dty Hd
Hd`dt
`dtitdc
itdcg
g ).
>) ]neimd
]neimdhdt
hdtisd
isd ( ]neimd
]neimdhdti
hdtitdc
tdcg
g ).
6) @ntcln
@ntcln Qngldl
Qngldldbi
dbig
g Bnsnei
Bnsneitig
tig

@ntcln pngldldbig bnsneitig `ngurut Ikeyir (=114), yidtu ?

i. @ntc
@ntcl
ln knr
knri`
i`ie
ie
Knri`i
Knri`ie
e dihie
dihie `ngyio
`ngyiodbi
dbig
g pnhioir
pnhioirig
ig `nhihu
`nhihudd pngutu
pnguturig
rig snkiri
snkiri hdsig
hdsig itiu
pngonhisig higjsugj.
m. @ntcln ldsbusd bnhc`pcb
Ldsbusd bnhc`pcb dihie pnrkibipig yigj ldpnrsdipbig ldigtiri tdji crigj itiu
hnmde `n`mieis tcpdb tnrtngtu lngjig sncrigj pn`d`pdg, ugtub `n`nkiebig
suitu pnr`isihieig snrti `n`muit suitu bnputusig.
k. @ntcln pi
pignh
Qignh ilihie pn`mdkiri yigj sulie ldrngkigibig ld lnpig pngjugougj itiu
pnsnrti tngtigj snmuie tcpdb lig ldpnrhubig tdji pignhds itiu hnmde snrti
ldpnrhubig sncrigj pn`d`pdg.
l. @ntc
@ntcln
ln pn
pnr`
r`id
idgi
gig
g pnri
pnrig
g
 Mnr`idg pnrig ilihie `ntcln pn`mnhioirig snmijid mijdig lird sd`uhisd yigj
ldiriebig
ldiriebig ugtub
ugtub `ngjbrnisdb
`ngjbrnisdbig
ig pnrdstdwi
pnrdstdwi snoirie,
snoirie, ibtuih,
ibtuih, itiu bnoildig yigj
ibig litigj.
n. @ntc
@ntcln
ln ln`c
ln`cgs
gstr
tris
isdd
Ln`cgstrisd
Ln`cgstrisd ldtugoubig
ldtugoubig ugtub
ugtub `ngjnvihui
`ngjnvihuisd
sd pnrumieig
pnrumieig psdbc`ctcr
psdbc`ctcr lngjig
lngjig
`n`pnrhditbig kiri `nhibsigibig suitu tdglibig itiu prcsnlur lngjig ihit
pnriji lig tigyi oiwim.

6. @nldi Qngldldbig Bnsneitig

@ngurut Gursihi` (=115) `nldi pngldldbig bnsneitig ilihie

sihurigmbc
sihurigmbc`ugdb
`ugdbisd
isd yigj ldpibid ugtub
ugtub `ngjdrd`bi
`ngjdrd`big
g pnsig bnsneitig. @nldi
ldmijd `ngoild ;, yidtu? kntib, nhnbtrcgdb, `nldi pipig (mdhhmcirl).

i. @nldi kn
knttib
9) Mccbhnt
Mccbhnt ? ugtub `ngyi`
`ngyi`pidbig
pidbig pnsig
pnsig lihi` mngtub
mngtub pnsig
pnsig tuhdsig
tuhdsig `iupug
`iupug
ji`mir, mdisigyi sisiriggyi `isyiribit yigj mdsi `n`miki.
=) Hnifhnt
Hnifhnt ? pngyi`pi
pngyi`pidig
dig pnsig
pnsig `nhihud
`nhihud hn`mir
hn`mir yigj ldhdpit
ldhdpit mdisig
mdisigyi
yi mnrdsd
mnrdsd
ji`mir itiu tuhdsig itiu mdisigyi bnlui-luigyi.
;) Fhynr (snhnmi
(snhnmirig)
rig) ?snpnrtd
?snpnrtd hnifhnt
hnifhnt tntipd
tntipd tdlib
tdlib mnrmngtub
mnrmngtub hdpitig.
hdpitig.
<) Fhdp
Fhdp keirt (hn`mir
(hn`mir mihdb)
mihdb) ? dgfcr`
dgfcr`isd
isd bnsneit
bnsneitig
ig yigj mnrmng
mnrmngtub
tub hn`mir
hn`mir
mihdb lig mnrmngtub mubu. Mdisigyi mnrds
mnrdsdd ji`mir ldmihdbgyi mnrdsd pnsig
bihd`it mnrdsd dgfcr`isd mnrbidtig lngjig ji`mir tnrsnmut.
>) ]umdb
]umdb itiu tuhdsig
tuhdsig-tu
-tuhdsi
hdsig
g pili
pili surit bimir itiu `ioihie
`ioihie,, `ngjng
`ngjngid
id eih
yigj mnrbidtig lngjig eih bnsneitig.
6) Qcst
Qcstnr
nr ?m
?mnrm
nrmng
ngtu
tub
b `nld
`nldii kn
knti
tib
b mn
mnrds
rdsdd pn
pnsig
sig-p
-pnsi
nsig
g bn
bnsne
sneit
itig
ig md
mdisi
isigy
gyii
ldtn`pnh ld tn`mcb-tn`mcb tn`pit u`u` lig bngliriig u`u`.
:) Fctc ? yigj `ngjugjbip
`ngjugjbipbig
big `isihie
`isihie dgfcr`i
dgfcr`isd
sd bnsneitig.
bnsneitig.
m. @nldi nhnbtrcgdb
9) \nhnvd
\nhnvdsd
sd ? lihi`
lihi` mngtub
mngtub knri`ie
knri`ie ld \V, sdgntrc
sdgntrcg,
g, sigldwi
sigldwiri,
ri, lig vcru`
vcru`
ldsbusd tigyi oiwim lig hidg snmijidgyi.
=) ]ildc ?mdsi
?mdsi lihi`
lihi` mngtub
mngtub knri`ie rildc,
rildc, spcrt
spcrt rildc, cmrchig
cmrchig tigyi
tigyi oiwim
oiwim
lig hidg snmijidgyi.
;) Vdldc
Vdldc Kc`pik
Kc`piktt Ldsk
Ldsk (VKL).
(VKL).
<) [hdln ? shdln ouji lipit
lipit ldjugi
ldjugibig
big snmijid
snmijid sirigi
sirigi dgfcr`i
dgfcr`isd.
sd.
 >) Fdh` strdp
strdp ouji
ouji mdsi ldjugibi
ldjugibig
g `ngyi`pidb
`ngyi`pidbig
ig pnsig bnsneitig.
bnsneitig.

k. @nld
@nldii pip
pipig
ig (m
(mdh
dhhh m
mci
cirl
rl))
Qipig yigj ldpisigj ld tn`pit-tn`pit u`u` lig lipit ldpibid lig lddsd

pnsig-pnsig bnsneitig.

M. Qngldldbig Mngkigi
Qngldl
Qngldldbi
dbig
g mngkig
mngkigii ilihie
ilihie `nrupi
`nrupibig
big prcsns
prcsns pn`mnh
pn`mnhioir
ioirig
ig `nhihu
`nhihudd pngynl
pngynldii
diig
g
dgfcr`isd, pngjntieuig, lig bnwispiliig tnreilip pnsnrti ldldb jugi `n`mngtub
bnsdipig
bnsdipig mngkigi ld hnvnh dgldvdlu
dgldvdlu lig bc`ugdtis.
bc`ugdtis. @nhihud
@nhihud pngldldbi
pngldldbig
g mngkigi,
pnsnrti ldldb ldlcrcgj ugtub `ngjntieud rnsdbc mngkigi, `ngju`puhbig dgfcr`isd
tnrbidt `dtdjisd
`dtdjisd mngkigi, lig `ngnripbig
`ngnripbiggyi
gyi pili sdtuisd mngkigi
mngkigi ([edwibu
([edwibu nt ih.,
=11:).

Iphdbisd mngkigi yigj snkiri snlnreigi lipit ldtnripbig lihi` bnedlupig sneird-
eird `nhdputd `nhibubig sd`uhisd mngkigi ld bnhuirji, `ngchcgj bcrmig mngkigi,
`n`dhd
`n`dhdbd
bd pnrhng
pnrhngjbi
jbipig
pig liruri
liruritt (ldsist
(ldsistnr
nr bdt),
bdt), `ngjnt
`ngjntieu
ieudd tn`pit
tn`pit mnrhdg
mnrhdglug
lugj
j siit
mngkigi, lig `ngjntieud fisdhdtis tigjjip lirurit yigj tnrsnldi ld dgstigsd tnrbidt
(Bipuku, =115).

K. Qngjntieuig
9. Qngjnrtdig
@ngurut Gctcit`cloc (=19=), pngjntieuig `nrupibig eisdh lird tieu yigj tnroild

sntnhie crigj `nhibubig pngjdglnriig tnreilip cmonb tnrtngtu. Qngjdglnriig tnroild

`nhihud pigkidglri `igusdi, yibgd dglri pngjhdeitig, pnglngjirig, pngkdu`ig, risi,
lig rimi. Qngjntieuig snmijdig mnsir ldpnrchne lird `iti lig tnhdgji. Qngjitieuig
`nrupibig pnlc`ig lihi` `n`mngtub tdglibig snsncrigj.
=. \dgjbit Qngjntieuig
\dgjbit pngjntieuig yigj ldkibup ld lihi` lc`idg bcjgdtdf `ngurut Gctcit`cloc
(=19=) `n`pugyid ngi` tdgjbit, yibgd?
i.\ieu (Bgcw)
\ieu ldirtdbig snmijid `ngjdgjit suitu `itnrd yigj ldpnhioird snmnhu`gyi.

Qngjnt
Qngjntieu
ieuig
ig tdgjbi
tdgjbitt dgd ilihie
ilihie `ngjdg
`ngjdgjit
jit bn`mih
bn`mihdd (rnkihh
(rnkihh)) tnreil
tnreilip
ip suitu
suitu
yigj spnsdfdb lird snhurue mieig yigj ldpnhioird itiu rigjsigjig yigj tnhie
ldtnrd`i. Kcgtce tieu yidtu lipit `ngynmutbig tigli ‛tigli jnribig tigie.
m. @n`iei`d (Kc`prnengsdcg)
@n`iei
@n`iei`d
`d ldirtdb
ldirtdbig
ig snmijid
snmijid suitu
suitu bn`i`p
bn`i`puig
uig `ngonh
`ngonhisb
isbig
ig snkiri
snkiri mngir
mngir
tngtig
tngtigj
j cmonb
cmonb yigj
yigj ldbntie
ldbntieud,
ud, lig lipit
lipit `ngjdg
`ngjdgtnr
tnrprn
prntisd
tisd `itnrd
`itnrd tnrsnm
tnrsnmut
ut
snkiri mngir.
k. Iphdbisd (Ipphdkitdcg)
Iphdbisd ldirtdbig snmijid bn`i`puig ugtub `ngjjugibig `itnrd yigj tnhie
ldpnhioird pili sdtuisd itiu bcgldsd snmngirgyi. Iphdbisd ldsdgd lipit ldirtdbig
ip
iphd
hdbi
bisd
sd itiu
itiu pn
pngj
gjju
jugi
giig
ig eu
eubu
bu`-
`-eu
eubu
bu`,
`, ru
ru`u
`us,
s, `ntc
`ntcln
ln,, pr
prdg
dgsd
sdp,
p, li
lig
g
pngjjugibig ru`us stitdstdb.
l. Igihdsds (Igihysds)
Igihdsds ilihie suitu bn`i`puig ugtub `ngoimirbig `itnrd itiu suitu cmonb
bn li
lihi
hi`
` bc
bc`p
`pcg
cgng
ng-b
-bc`
c`pc
pcgn
gng,
g, tn
tnti
tipd
pd `isde
`isde ld li
lihi
hi`
` suit
suitu
u strub
strubtu
turr
crjigdsisd tnrsnmut, lig `isde ili bidtigggyi situ si`i hidg.
Bn`i`puig
Bn`i`puig igihdsds dgd lipit ldhdeit
ldhdeit lird pngjjjugiig
pngjjjugiig biti-biti
biti-biti bnroi lipit
`ng
`ngjji`
jji`m
mir
irb
big (`n`
(`n`mu
muit
it mij
ijig
ig),
), `n`
`n`mn
mnl
lib
ibig
ig,, `n`d
`n`dsi
sieb
ebig
ig,,
`ngjnhc`pcbbig, lig snmijidgyi.
n. [dgtnsds ([ygtensds)
[d
[dgt
gtns
nsds
ds `ngu
`ngugo
goub
ub bnpi
bnpili
li suit
suitu
u bn
bn`i
`i`p
`pui
uig
g ug
ugtu
tub
b `nhn
`nhnti
tibb
bbig
ig it
itiu
iu
`ngjeumugjbig mijdig-mijdig ld lihi` suitu mngtub bnsnhurueig yigj miru.
@dsihgy
@dsihgyi?
i? lipit
lipit `ngyus
`ngyusug
ug,, lipit
lipit `nrngk
`nrngkigi
igibig
big,, lipit
lipit `nrdgj
`nrdgjbis,
bis, lipit
lipit
`ngynsuidbig, lig snmijidgyi tnreilip suitu tncrd itiu ru`sig-ru`usig yigj
tnhie ili.
f. Nvihuisd (Nvihuitdcg)
Nvihuisd dgd mnrbidtig lngjig bn`i`puig ugtub `nhibubig oustdfdbisd itiu
pngdhidig tnreilip suitu `itnrd itiu cmonb. Nvihuisd ldhibubig lngjig
`ngjjugibig brdtnrdi sngldrd itiu brdtnrdi yigj tnhie ili. Qngjntieuig lipit
ldpnrchne lngjig kiri trildsdcgih lig ouji kiri `clnrg ([upiryigtc, =19=),
kiri trildsdcgih ili n`pit kiri yidtu?
9) Kiri kcmi-sihie (trdih igl nrrcr)
=) Kiri bnbuisiig itiu ctcrdtis
;) Mnrlisirbig pngjihi`ig prdmild
<) @nhihud oihig pdbdrig
Qngjntieuig yigj ldpnrchne ldpngjirued chne fibtcr dgtnrgih `iupug fibtcr nbstnrgih
([upiryigtc, =19=), fibtcr-fibtcr tnrsnmut igtiri hidg?
9) Fibtcr Dgtnrgih
i) Qngldldbig
\cbce pngldldbig imil =1 @. O. Hirjnvnht yigj ldbutdp chne Gctcit`cloc
(=11;)
(=11;) `nglnf
`nglnfdgd
dgdsdb
sdbig
ig miewi
miewi pngldl
pngldldbi
dbig
g ilihie
ilihie sntdip
sntdip usiei,
usiei, pngjir
pngjirue,
ue,
pnrhdglugjig, lig migtuig yigj ldmnrdbig bnpili igib yigj tnrtuou bnpili
bnlnwisiig.
=) Fibtcr Nbstnrgih
i. Dgfcr`isd
Dgfcr`isd ilihie bnsnhurueig `ibgi lipit ldirtdbig snmijid pn`mnrdtieuig
snsncrigj iligyi dgfcr`isd miru `ngjngid suitu eih `n`mnrdbig higlisig
bcjgdtdf miru mijd tnrmngtubgyi sdbip tnreilip eih tnrsnmut.
m. Bnmuliyiig/Hdgjbugjig
Bnmuliyiig/Hdgjbugjig
Bnmuliyiig ld`igi bdti edlup lig ldmnsirbig `n`pugyid pngjirue mnsir
tnreilip
tnreilip pngjntieu
pngjntieuig
ig bdti. Ipimdhi lihi` suitu wdhiyie `n`pugy
`n`pugyid
id muliyi
muliyi
ugtu
ugtub
b sn
snhi
hihu
hu `ngo
`ngoij
ijii bnmn
bnmnrs
rsde
deig
ig hd
hdgj
gjbu
bugj
gjig
ig `ibi
`ibi si
sigj
gjit
it `ugj
`ugjbd
bdg
g
mnrpngjirue lihi` pn`mngtubig sdbip itiu sdbip snsncrigj.
Qn`mrditd (=19;) `ngnrigjbig miewi pngjnrtdig pngjntieuig bnmngkigiig ilihie
bn`i`puig lihi` `ngjdgjit pnrdstdwi itiu rigjbidig pnrdstdwi yigj `ngjigki`
lig `ngjjigjju bnedlupig lig pngjedlupig `isyiribit yigj ldsnmimbig, midb chne
fibt
fibtcr
cr ihi`
ihi` lig/
lig/it
itiu
iu fibt
fibtcr
cr gcgi
gcgihi
hi`
` `iup
`iupug
ug fi
fibt
btcr
cr `igu
`igusd
sdii yi
yigj
gj li
lipi
pitt
`ngjibdmitbig td`muhgyi bcrmig odwi `igusdi, bnrusibig hdgjbugjig, bnrujdig eirti
mngli, lig li`pib psdbchcjds.
psdbchcjds.
Ongds ‛ ongds mngkigi ldmijd `ngoild tdji yidtu?
(9)
(9) Mngk
Mngkig
igii ihi`
ihi` ilih
ilihie
ie mngk
mngkig
igii yi
yigj
gj ld
ldib
ibdm
dmit
itbi
big
g ch
chne
ne pn
pnrd
rdst
stdw
dwii it
itiu
iu
snrigjbidig pnrdstdwi yigj ldsnmimbig chne ihi` igtiri hidg mnrupi jn`pi
mu`d, tsugi`d, jugugj `nhntus, migodr, bnbnrdgjig, igjdg tcpig, lig tigie
hcgjscr.
(=)
(=) Mngk
Mngkig
igii gc
gcg
g ihi`
ihi` il
ilih
ihie
ie mn
mngk
gkig
igii yi
yigj
gj ld
ldib
ibdm
dmit
itbi
big
g ch
chne
ne pn
pnrds
rdstd
tdwi
wi it
itiu
iu
rigjbidig pnrdstdwi gcgihi` yigj igtiri hidg mnrupi jijih tnbgchcjd, jijih
`clnrgdsisd, npdln`d, lig wimie pngyibdt.
 (;)
(;) Mngk
Mngkig
igii scsd
scsdih
ih il
ilih
ihie
ie mngk
mngkig
igii yi
yigj
gj ld
ldib
ibdm
dmit
itbi
big
g ch
chne
ne pn
pnrd
rdst
stdw
dwii it
itiu
iu
snrigjbidig pnrdstdwi yigj ldibdmitbig chne `igusdi yigj `nhdputd bcgfhdb
scsdih igtirbnhc`pcb itiu igtirbc`ugdtis `isyiribit, lig tnrcr.

L. Qnrig
Qnrig Qnriwit
Qnriwit Lihi`
Lihi` @igij
@igijn`ng
n`ng Mngki
Mngkigi
gi
Qnhiyi
Qnhiyigig
gig bnpnriw
bnpnriwitig
itig tdlib
tdlib eigyi
eigyi tnrmit
tnrmitis
is ldmnrd
ldmnrdbig
big pili
pili dgstig
dgstigsd
sd pnhiyi
pnhiyigig
gig
bnsneitig snpnrtd ru`ie sibdt sioi. \ntipd pnhiyigig bnpnriwitig tnrsnmut ouji sigjit
ldmu
ldmutu
tueb
ebig
ig lihi
lihi`
` sd
sdtu
tuis
isdd mngk
mngkig
igi.
i. Qnri
Qnriwi
witt tdli
tdlib
b ei
eigy
gyii ld
ldtu
tugt
gtut
ut `n`d
`n`dhd
hdbd
bd
pngjntieuig lig bn`i`puig lisir pribtnb bnpnriwitig
bnpnriwitig sioi.
Bn`i`puig tigjjip mngkigi ouji sigjit ldmutuebig siit bniliig lirurit. Eih dgd
ldeiripbig `ngoild mnbih mijd pnriwit ugtub mdsi tnroug `n`mnrdbig pnrtchcgjig
li
lihi
hi`
` sdt
sdtui
uisd
sd mn
mngk
gkig
igi.
i. Bnjd
Bnjdit
itig
ig pn
pngi
gigj
gjig
igig
ig sdiji
sdiji mn
mngk
gkig
igii `n`i
`n`igj
gj mn
mnrm
rmnl
nlii
ldmigldgjbig pnrtchcgjig `nlds lihi` bniliig gcr`ih hidggyi. @ngurut @ursihdg
(=199), ili mnmnripi tdglibig pngtdgj yigj mdsi ldhibubig chne pnriwit lihi` sdtuisd
tigjjip mngkigi ?
9. Qngjcmitig lig Qn`uhdeig Qnsneitig Fdsdb
Mngk
Mngkig
igii ihi`
ihi` yi
yigj
gj `ngd
`ngd`p
`pii su
suit
itu
u li
linri
nrie,
e, sn
snhih
hihu
u ib
ibig
ig `n`i
`n`ibi
big
g bc
bcrm
rmig
ig li
lig
g
bnrusibig, midb dtu bcrmig `ngdgjjih, bcrmig hubi hubi, bnrusibig fisdhdtis prdmild
lig u`u`, yigj `ugjbdg ibig `ngynmimbig dschisd tn`pit, snedgjji suhdt ldoigjbiu
chne piri rnhiwig. Eih yigj pihdgj urjng ldmutuebig chne bcrmig siit dtu ilihie
pngjcmitig lird tngiji bnsneitig. Qnriwit mdsi turut igldh lihi` ibsd dgd, midb
mnrbchimcrisd lngjig tngiji pnriwit itiu pug tngiji bnsneitig prcfnsdcgih, itiupug
ouji `nhibubig pngjcmitig mnrsi`i pnriwit hidggyi snkiri knpit, `ngynhurue lig
`nriti ld tn`pit
tn`pit mngkigi.
mngkigi. Qngjcmitig
Qngjcmitig yigj ldhibubig
ldhibubig pug mdsi mnriji`,
mnriji`, `uhid lird
pn`nrdbsiig fdsdb, pngjcmitig hubi, lig hidggyi snsuid lngjig prcfnsd
prcfnsd bnpnriwitig.
=. Qn`mnrdig Migtuig
Qnriw
Qnriwit
itig
ig li
lipi
pitt `nhib
`nhibub
ubig
ig ib
ibsd
sd ji
jihi
higj
gj li
ligi
gi mi
mijd
jd bc
bcrm
rmig
ig mn
mngk
gkig
igi,
i, ln
lngj
gjig
ig
`ngjed`pug ligi lird mnrmijid bihigjig lihi` mnrmijid mngtub, snpnrtd `ibigig,
cmit cmitig, bnpnrhuig sigligj lig hidg snmijidgyi. Qn`mnrdig migtuig tnrsnmut mdsi
ldhi
ldhibu
bubi
big
g higj
higjsu
sugj
gj chne
chne pn
pnri
riwi
witt snkir
snkirii hi
higj
gjsu
sugj
gj ld hc
hcbi
bisd
sd mn
mngk
gkig
igii ln
lngj
gjig
ig
`n`ldrdbig pcsbc migtuig. [nhidg dtu, Eih yigj eirus ldfcbusbig lihi` bnjditig dgd
ilihie pn`nritiig migtuig ld tn`pit mngkigi snsuid bnmutueig yigj ld mutuebig
chne
chne piri
piri bcrmig
bcrmig siit dtu,
dtu, snedgg
snedggji
ji tdlib
tdlib ibig
ibig ili hijd piri
piri bcrmig
bcrmig yigj tdlib
`nglipitbig migtuig tnrsnmut ldbirngibig migtuig yigj `ngu`pub itiupug tdlib
tnpit sisirig.

;. Qn`uhdeig Bnsneitig @ngtih

Qiri bcrmi
bcrmig
g suitu
suitu mngkig
mngkigii mdisig
mdisigyi
yi ibig
ibig `ngjih
`ngjihi`d
i`d triu`i
triu`i psdbc
psdbchcj
hcjds
ds ibdmit
ibdmit
bnoildig yigj `ngd`pigyi. \riu`i tnrsnmut mdsi mnrupi bnsnldeig yigj `nglihi`,
bntibutig lig bnedhigjig mnrit. \dlib snldbdt triu`i dgd `ngd`pi wigdti, dmu dmu,
lig igib igib yigj snligj lihi` `issi pnrtu`mueig. [nedgjji ipimdhi eih dgd tnrus
mnrbnhigoutig `ibi ibig `ngjibdmitbig strnss mnrit lig jigjjuig `ngtih mijd piri
bcrmig mngkigi.

Eih yigj ldmutubig lihi` pngigjigig sdtuisd snpnrtd dgd ilihie pn`uhdeig bnsneitig
`ngtih yigj lipit ldhibubig chne pnriwit. Qili crigj lnwisi, pn`uhdeiggyi mdsi
ldhi
ldhibu
bubi
big
g ln
lngj
gjig
ig seird
seirdgj
gj li
lig
g `ngl
`nglng
ngji
jirb
rbig
ig sn
snji
jihi
hi bn
bnhu
huei
eig
g bn
bnhu
huei
eig
g yigj
yigj

ldeilipdgyi, snhigoutgyi ldmnrdbig snmuie schusd lig ldmnrd pngyn`igjit ugtub tntip
migjbdt. [nligjbig pili igib igib, kiri yigj nfnbtdf ilihie lngjig `ngjn`mihdbig
bnknrdiig `nrnbi bn`mihd, eih dgd `ngjdgjit sdfit hiedrdie igib igib yigj mnrili
pili `isi mnr`idg.Qnriwit lipit `ngldrdbig snmuie ti`ig mnr`idg, ld`igi igib
igib
igib tnrsnm
tnrsnmut
ut ibig
ibig `nglip
`nglipitb
itbig
ig pnr`id
pnr`idgig
gig,, knrdti
knrdti huku,
huku, lig hid
hidg
g snmiji
snmijidgg
dggyi.
yi.
[nedgjji bnpnrkiyiig ldrd `nrnbi ibig bn`mihd snpnrtd snldi bihi.

<. Qn`mnrliyiig @isyiribit

Bcgldsd
Bcgldsd `isyiribit
`isyiribit ld snbdtir
snbdtir linrie yigj tnrbngi `usdm
`usdmie
ie piski mngkigi mdisigyi
ibig
ibig `ngoil
`ngoildd tnrbitu
tnrbitugj
gj bitugj
bitugj tdlib
tdlib onhis
onhis ibdmit
ibdmit `n`mu
`n`murub
rubgyi
gyi bniili
bniiliig
ig piski
piski
mngkigi., ibdmit bnedhigjig eirti mngli yigj `nrnbi `dhdbd. snedggji migyib
ldigtiri `nrnbi yigj pitie irie lihi` `ngngtubig edlup snhigoutgyi. Eih yigj mdsi
`ngchc
`ngchcgj
gj `n`mig
`n`migjbd
jbdtbi
tbig
g bnilii
bniliig
g tnrsnm
tnrsnmut
ut ilihie
ilihie `nhibu
`nhibubig
big pn`mnr
pn`mnrliy
liyiig
iig
`isyiribit. @isyiribit pnrhu `nglipitbig fisdhdtis lig sbdhh yigj lipit `ngoild
mnbih mijd `nrnbi bnhib. Qnriwit lipit `nhibubig pnhitdeig pnhitdeig bntnri`pdhig
yigj ldfisdhdtisd lig mnrbchimcrisd lngjig dgstigsd itiupug H[@ yigj mnrjnrib lihi`
mdligj dtu. [nedggji ldeiripbig `isyiribit ld snbdtir linrie mngkigi ibig `i`pu
`n`m
`n`mig
igju
jug
g bn
bned
edlu
lupi
pigg
ggyi
yi bn
bnln
lnpi
pig
g hnwit
hnwit bn
bn`i
`i`p
`pui
uig
g yi
yigj
gj di `dhd
`dhdbd
bd.. ^gtu
^gtub
b
`nwuoulbig tdglibig ld itis, `ngurut @npsi (=19=) pnrhu iligyi mnmnripi eih yigj
eirus ld`dhdbd chne sncrigj pnriwit, ldigtirigyi ilihie, pnriwit eirus `n`dhdbd sbdhh
bnpnriwitig yigj midb, pnriwit eirus `n`dhdbd odwi lig sdbip bnpnluhdig, pnriwit
eiru
eiruss `n`i
`n`iei
ei`d
`d `igi
`igijn
jn`n
`ng
g sd
sdij
ijii mngk
mngkig
igi.
i. Ilip
Ilipug
ug pn
pnri
rig
g pn
pnri
riwi
witt lihi
lihi`
`
`ngijn`ng sdiji mngkigi ilihie snmijid mnrdbut ?

i. Qnrig pnriwit lihi` fisn prn-d`pnkt

9) Qnriwi
Qnriwitt `ngjdb
`ngjdbutd
utd pngldld
pngldldbig
big lig pnhitd
pnhitdeig
eig mijd tngiji
tngiji bnsnei
bnsneitig
tig lihi`
pngigjjuhigjig igki`ig mngkigi.
=) Qn
Qnri
riwi
witt dbut
dbut tnrh
tnrhdm
dmit
it lihi
lihi`
` mnrm
mnrmij
ijid
id ld
ldgi
giss pn
pn`n
`nrd
rdgt
gtie
ieig
ig,, cr
crji
jigd
gdsi
sisd
sd
hdgjbugjig, pihigj `nri
rie
e gisdc
sdcgih, `iu
iup
pug hn`miji-hn
-hn`miji
pn`isyiribitig lihi` `n`mnrdbig pngyuhueig lig sd`uhisd pnrsdipig
`ngjeilipd igki`ig mngkigi.
;) Qnri
Qnriwi
witt tnrhd
tnrhdmi
mitt li
lihi
hi`
` pr
prcj
cjri`
ri` prc`
prc`cs
csdd bn
bnsne
sneit
itig
ig ug
ugtu
tub
b `ngd
`ngdgj
gjbi
bitb
tbig
ig
bnsdipig `isyiribit lihi` `ngjielipd mngkigi.

m. Qnrig pnriwit lihi` fisn d`pikt

9) Mnrt
Mnrtdg
dgli
lib
b knp
knpit
it
=) Qnriwi
Qnriwitt sneiru
sneirusgy
sgyii tdlib
tdlib `ngoig
`ngoigodb
odbig
ig ipipug
ipipug lngjig
lngjig pistd
pistd lngjig
lngjig `ibsul
`ibsul
`n`mnrdbig eiripig yigj mnsir pili bcrmig yigj snhi`it.
;) Mnrbcgsngtr
Mnrbcgsngtrisd
isd pngue
pngue pili ipi yigj
yigj ldhibubig
ldhibubig
<) Bcrldg
Bcrldgisd
isd lig `ngkdp
`ngkdptib
tibig
ig bnpn`d`
bnpn`d`pdg
pdgig
ig
>) ^gtub oigjbi
oigjbi pigoigj,
pigoigj, mnrsi`i-s
mnrsi`i-si`i
i`i pdeib
pdeib yigj
yigj tirbidt
tirbidt lipit
lipit `ngldsbusdb
`ngldsbusdbig
ig
lig `nrigkigj `istnr phig cf rnvdtihdzdgj, mdisigyi ugtub oigjbi wibtu ;1
muhig pnrti`i.
k. Qnrig pnriwit lihi` fisn pcst d`pikt
9) Mngk
Mngkig
igii tngt
tngtu
u `n`m
`n`mnr
nrdb
dbig
ig mn
mnbi
biss be
beus
usus
us mi
mijd
jd bn
bnil
ilii
iig
g fdsdb
fdsdb,, fdsd
fdsdbc
bchc
hcjd
jd
bcrmig.
=) [t
[trn
rnss
ss fds
fdsdb
dbch
chcj
cjdd yi
yigj
gj tnro
tnroil
ildd li
lipi
pitt tnrus
tnrus mn
mnrb
rbn`
n`mi
migj
gj ed
edgj
gjji
ji tnroi
tnroild
ld pc
pcst
st
triu`itdk strnss ldscrlnr (Q\[L) yigj `nrupibig sdglrc` lngjig ; brdtnrdi
uti`i. Qnrti`i, jnoihi triu`i pistd lipit ldbngihd. Bnlui, dgldvdlu tnrsnmut
`ngj
`ngjih
ihi`
i`dd jn
jnoi
oihi
hi uhig
uhigj
j tr
triu
iu`i
`igy
gyii `nhi
`nhihu
hudd fhise
fhisemi
mikb
kb,, `d`p
`d`pd,
d, it
itiu
iupu
pug
g
pnrdstdwi-pnrdstdwi yigj `n`ikuegyi. Bntdji, dgldvdlu ibig `ngugoubig
jigjjuig fdsdb. [nhidg dtu, dgldvdlu lngjig Q\[L lipit `ngjihi`d pngurugig
bcgsngtrisd, pnrisiig mnrsihie lig jigjjuig `n`crd.
 ;) \d` bnsneiti
bnsneitig
g mnrsi`i
mnrsi`i `isyirib
`isyiribit
it lig prcfnsd hidg yigj tnrbidt
tnrbidt mnbnroi
mnbnroi si`i
lngjig ugsurn hdgtis snbtcr `ngigjigd `ishie bnneitig `isyiribit pisbi
jiwit lirurit snrti `n`pnrknpit
`n`pnrknpit fisn pn`uhdeig
pn`uhdeig (rnkcvnry) `nguou bniliig
sneit lig i`ig.

N. Lnfdgdsd Bnsdipsdijiig
Bnsdipsdijiig
Bnsdipsdijiig ilihie snrigjbidig bnjditig
bnjditig yigj ldhibubig ugtub `ngjigtdsdpisd
`ngjigtdsdpisd
mngkigi `nhihud pngjcrjigdsisdig snrti `nhihud higjbie yigj tnpit jugi lig mnrliyi
ju
jugi
gi.. \uou
\uouig
iggy
gyii il
ilihi
ihie
e ug
ugtu
tub
b `ngj
`ngjur
urig
igjd
jd li
li`p
`pib
ib gn
gnji
jitd
tdff li
lird
rd mn
mngk
gkig
igi.
i.
Bnsdipsdijiig
Bnsdipsdijiig mngkigi `nrupibig
`nrupibig prcsns
prcsns lird pngdhidig,
pngdhidig, pnrngkigiig lig pnhitdeig
pnhitdeig
ugtub
ugtub `n`pnr
`n`pnrsdip
sdipbig
big snmuie
snmuie rngkig
rngkigii tdglib
tdglibig
ig yigj
yigj tnrbcc
tnrbccrld
rldgis
gisdd lngjig
lngjig midb
midb
(^gligj-^gligj Gc.=< \ieug =11:).
Bnsdipsdijiig
Bnsdipsdijiig mngkigi
mngkigi `ngkibup
`ngkibup higjbie-higj
higjbie-higjbie
bie ugtub
ugtub `n`prnldbs
`n`prnldbsd,
d, `ngknjie
`ngknjie
li
lig
g `nrns
`nrnspc
pcg
g tnre
tnreil
ilip
ip mn
mngk
gkig
igi.
i. Bccr
Bccrld
ldgi
gisd
sd hdgt
hdgtis
is snbtc
snbtcri
rihh ld
ldpn
pnrh
rhub
ubig
ig ug
ugtu
tub
b
`ngk
`ngkip
ipid
id tuou
tuouig
ig-t
-tuo
uoui
uig
g mnrd
mnrdbu
butt sn
snpn
pnrt
rtdd yi
yigj
gj tn
tnhi
hie
e ld
ldsn
snmu
mutb
tbig
ig ch
chne
ne HDQD
HDQD--
^GN[KC/D[L] (=116), miewi ruigj hdgjbup bnsdipsdijiig ldbnhc`pcbbig bnlihi`
n`pit piri`ntnr yidtu pngjntieuig lig sdbip (bgcwhnljn igl ittdtuln), pnrngkigiig
bn
bnli
liru
rurit
ritig
ig (n`nrj
(n`nrjng
ngky
ky phig
phiggd
gdgj
gj),
), sdstn
sdstn`
` pn
pnrd
rdgj
gjit
itig
ig (wir
(wirgd
gdgj
gj systn
systn`)
`),, li
lig
g
`cmdhdsisd
`cmdhdsisd su`mnr
su`mnr liyi. Qngjntieuig
Qngjntieuig hnmde migyib ugtub
ugtub `ngjubur
`ngjubur pngjntieuig
pngjntieuig
lisir `ngjngid mngkigi ihi` snpnrtd kdrd-kdrd, jnoihi lig pngynmimgyi.
Qnrngki
Qnrngkigii
giig
g bnliru
bnlirurit
ritig
ig hnmde
hnmde dgjdg
dgjdg `ngjnt
`ngjntieu
ieudd `ngjng
`ngjngid
id tdglib
tdglibig
ig ipi yigj
yigj
tnhieldpnrsdi
tnhieldpnrsdipbig
pbig `ngjeilipd
`ngjeilipd mngki
mngkigi
gi ihi`. [dstn` pnrdgjitig
pnrdgjitig ilihie usiei ipi
yigj tnrlipit ld pn`nrdgtieig/`isyiribit lihi` `ngknjie tnroildgyi bcrmig ibdmit
mngkigi lngjig kiri tigli-tigli pnrdgjitig yigj ili. [nligjbig `cmdhdsisd su`mnr
liyi hnmde bnpili pctngsd lig pngdgjbitig su`mnr liyi ld pn`nrdgtieig/`isyiribit
snpnrtd bntnri`pdhig-bntnri`pdhig yigj lddbutd, ligi lig hidggyi.
Bnsdipsdijiig
Bnsdipsdijiig `ngjeilipd
`ngjeilipd mngkigi
mngkigi `nrupibig
`nrupibig suitu ibtdvdtis hdgtis snbtcr
snbtcr yigj
mnrbnhigoutig. Bnjditig dtu `n`mngtub suitu mijdig yigj tib tnrpdsiebig lihi`
sdstn` gisdcgih
gisdcgih yigj mnrtigjjugjoiw
mnrtigjjugjoiwim
im ugtub
ugtub `ngjn`mig
`ngjn`migjbig
jbig pnrngkigiig
pnrngkigiig lig
prcjri` pngjnhchiig mngkigi (pngknjieig, `dtdjisd, bnsdipsdijiig, rnspcgs,
rneimdhdtisd, lig itiu rnbcgstrubsd) ld Dglcgnsdi ldbngihlngjig Mibcrgis QM. [itu eih
tnrpngtdgj ugtub `n`istdbig `utu lig nfnbtdvdtis prcjri` bnsdipsdijiig mngkigi
lig bnliruritig ilihie `nhibubig bccrldgisd, pngdhidig lig nvihuisd snkiri eitd-eitd
 tnreilip prcjri`-prcjri` yigj tnhie ldsdijibig ugtub `n`istdbig miewi prcjri`
tnrsnmut lipit ldcpnrisdbig snkiri nfnbtdf.
Qig I`nrdki
I`nrdkig
g Enihte
Enihte Crjigd
Crjigdzitd
zitdcg
cg (QIEC,
(QIEC, =116),
=116), `ngynm
`ngynmutb
utbig
ig Qngigj
Qngigjigi
igig
g
pnhiyigig bnsneitig ugtub bcrmig knlnri lihi` ou`hie mnsir ldpnrhubig snjnri
sntnhie tnroildgyi mngkigi tigie hcgjscr. Chne birngi dtu ldmutuebig bnsdijiig ugtub
pnrtchcgjig pnrti`i lig pnhiyigig bnliruritig lihi` mnmnripi oi` pnrti`i.
Migyibgyi bcrmig odwi yigj tdlib tnrtchcgj birngi `dgd`gyi su`mnr liyi hcbih,
tnr`isub
tnr`isub trigspc
trigspcrtis
rtisdd yigj
yigj tdlib
tdlib ld`cmd
ld`cmdhds
hdsisd
isd snjnri.
snjnri. [u`mnr
[u`mnr liyi
liyi hcbih
hcbih sigjit
sigjit
`ngngtubig
`ngngtubig lihi` pngigjigig
pngigjigig bcrmig pili fisn lirurit.
lirurit. \igjjugj
\igjjugjoiwim
oiwim snbtcr
bnsneitig pili siit mngkigi pribtds `ngkibup sn`ui ispnb cpnrisd gcr`ih pri-
mngkigi. [n`ui lnpirtn`ng tnbgds lig hiyigig pngugoigj ldhdmitbig pili siit
tnroild
tnroildgyi
gyi mngkig
mngkigii mnsir.
mnsir. Bnsdip
Bnsdipsdi
sdijii
jiig
g eirus
eirus ldtuou
ldtuoubig
big pili
pili sn`ui
sn`ui bnjdit
bnjditig
ig
bnsneitig lig snbtcr hidggyi lig tib mdsi ldmitisd pili ispnb yigj pihdgj tnrhdeit lird
pngjnhchiig bcrmig `issih lig hiyigig bnjiwitliruritig sioi.
Qnhi
Qnhitd
tdei
eig
g bn
bnmn
mngk
gkig
igiig
iig si
sigj
gjit
it ldpn
ldpnrhu
rhubi
big
g mi
midb
db ug
ugtu
tub
b pn
pntu
tuji
jiss `iup
`iupug
ug ug
ugtu
tub
b
`isy
`isyiri
iribi
bitt yi
yigj
gj mi
mibi
bihh tnrb
tnrbng
ngii mn
mngk
gkig
igi.
i. ([cn
([cnei
eit`
t`ig
ig,=
,=19
191)
1).. Qn
Qnhi
hitd
tdei
eig
g yi
yigj
gj
ldpnrhubig mnrbidtig lngjig pngigjjuhigjig mngkigi `dsihgyi?
9) Qnhitdeig `ngjngid `igion`ng rnsdbc mngkigi, ldeiripbig pntujis `n`dhdbd
wiwisig `ngjngid
`ngjngid `igion`ng
`igion`ng mngkigi
mngkigi tnr`isub
tnr`isub pnrugligj-u
pnrugligj-ugligj
gligjiggyi
iggyi
snedgjji `i`pu `ngjn`migjbiggyi ldhdgjbugjig `isdgj-`isdgj, `i`pu
`ngyusug lig `ngdhid suitu igihdsi rnsdbc mngkigi.
=) Qnhitd
Qnhitdeig
eig `ngjngid
`ngjngid pngigjigig
pngigjigig suitu mngkigi
mngkigi `ngurut
`ngurut ongdsgyi,
ongdsgyi, `dsihgyi
`dsihgyi
mngkigi migodr, hcgjscr, jn`pi mu`d, ts
tsugi`d,
ugi`d, mngkigi dglustrd, itiu mngkigi
scsdih.
;) \nbgdb `nhibubig pnrtchcgjig snpnrtd rnsqun itiu pngynhi`itig hidggyi.
<) \nbgdb migtuig `nlds (Q;B) lig migtuig `nlds hidggyi.
>) Qnhitdeig `ngjngid prcsnlur pngigjjuhigjig mngkigi yigj `nhdputd `dtdjisd
mngkigi, bnsdipsdijiig, tigjjip lirurit, lig rneimdhdtisd lig rnbcgstrubsd.
6) Qnhitdeig `ngjngid sdstn` dgfcr`isd lig bc`ugdbisd mngkigi.
:) Qnhitdeig `igion`ng hcjdstdb mngkigi.
5) Qnhitdeig stiglir pnhiyigig `dgd`ih bnsneitig mngkigi lig pngjugjsd.

F. @ngknjie
@ngknjie [nmnhu` lig [nhijd Mngkigi
Mngkigi
@dtdjisd mngkigi ilihie snrigjbidig upiyi ugtub `ngjurigjd rnsdbc mngkigi, midb
`nhihu
`nhihudd pn`mig
pn`migju
jugig
gig fdsdb
fdsdb `iupug
`iupug pngyil
pngyilirig
irig lig pngdgj
pngdgjbit
bitig
ig bn`i`p
bn`i`puig
uig
`ngj
`ngjei
eili
lipd
pd ig
igki
ki`i
`ig
g mn
mngk
gkig
igii (Qisi
(Qisihh 9 iy
iyit
it 6 QQ Gc =9 \ieu
\ieug
g =1
=115
15 tn
tngt
gtig
igj
j
Qngynhngjjiriig Qngigjjuhigjig Mngkigi).