ND]CUDG EDIDDG
EZBZ BJNDY BD[D KDNDL EDADYD HGKCGJYHD
LD[D BZNHDA YHG[DBYHY

CNJA ? YHUHGD CNHL]HD

 GHL ? 489=5=5=5=;0
]JGKHKHBDG EDADYD KDG YDY[UD HGKCGJYHD 5=5=/5=54
FDBZN[DY BJ@ZUZDG KDG HNLZ ]JGKHKHBDG
ZGHVJUYH[DY ]DNDG@BD UDXD
 

Hkjgthtds eubu

Oukun ? Bjnds bdtd kdndl Edadsd Hgkcgjshd

]jgunhs ? Adrhlurth Brhkdndbsdgd

]jgjreht ? Idadyd Hnlu 5=49

[jedn ? 4;8 adndldg

H. ]jgkdaunudg
Eubu ydg` khndcprbdg dkdnda eubu bdryd Adrhlurth Brhkdndbsdgd ydg` ejroukun „
Bjnds Bdtd Kdndl Edadsd Hgkcgjshd“ ydg` khtjrehtbdg cnja Idadyd Hnlu pdkd
tdaug 5=49 ndnu kjg`dg bjtjedndg eubu ydhtu 4;8 adndldg. Eubu hgh ljrupdbdg
ijtdbdg jkhsh bjkud, bdrjgd eubu ydg` sjejnulgyd khdg``dp ldsha ljlhnhbh
bjsdndadg ldbd bjsdndadg tjrsjeut khpjredhbh ljndnuh khtjrehtbdggyd eubu „Bjnds
Bdtd Kdndl Edadsd Hgkcgjshd“ jkhsh ydg` bjkud hgh.
HH. Ndpcrdg ed`hdg eubu
Eubu ydg` khtunhs cnja Adrhlurth Brhkdndbsdgd hgh ljlhnhbh bdtjrh ydg` sdg`dt
 ejr`ugd kdg ejrldgfddt ed`h bhtd sjede khkdndlgyd tjnda khsdohbdg kjg`dg
njg`bdp, khlundh kdrh pjgkdpdt pdrd danh kdg sdstrdwdg sdlpdh bjpdkd pjgojndsdg
kdrh ldshg`-ldshg` pchg pdkd sjthdp ldtjrh

Ede 4

]JGKDAZNZDG

4.4 Ndtdr ejndbdg`

ejndbdg` ahstcrh
ahstcrhss
Kdndl kjsbrhpsh kdg stukh `rdldthbd trdkhsh Jrcpd shstjl bjnds bdtd ljgjlpdth pcshsh
 pjgthg` sjodn hnlu edadsd lundh khbjledg`dbdg crdg`, ydhtu kdndl bdryd Drhstctjnjs ]jrh
Ajrldgjhds
Ajrldgjhds (dedk bj-; s.L).
s.L). Kdndl bdryd-bdryd
bdryd-bdryd ydg` bjlukhdg
bjlukhdg kh
kh Jrcpd, sjahg``d
sjahg``d
`rdldthbd thkdb ndhg kdrh pdkd bjnds bdtd.
bd td.
Yjbdnhpug
Yjbdnhpug pdrd danh sjodrda
sjodrda nhg`uhsth
nhg`uhsthb
b sjpdbdt
sjpdbdt edawd kdsdr-kdsdr
kdsdr-kdsdr bcgsjp
bcgsjpsh
sh bjnds.
bjnds.
Dpdbda ejgdr bjnds
bjnds bjnds bdtd sjpjrth
sjpjrth ydg` bhtd pdadlh sjbdrdg`
sjbdrdg` hgh dtdubda
dtdubda sueyjb-
 prjkhbdt, dtdubda tjld-rjld.
 

Edabdg khnhadt kdrh sukut nhg`uhsthi lckjrg, bdryd sdrodgd Xugdgh htu sdg`dt ldou,
bdkdg`-bdkdg` njeha kdrh pdkd pjgkjbdtdg tdtd edads ydg` tjreht odua bjlukhdg ( nhadt
Ucehgs 48:0? 60-4=6). Kh`dledrbdg cnja Ucehgs kdndl bdrydgyd ydg` ndhg
ndhg ( 4866? 41 )
 pdkd [dejn 4.

4. Gclhgd
Gclhgd dkdnda
dkdnda bjnds bdtd
bdtd ydg` khtdgk
khtdgkdh
dh ugtub bdsus,
bdsus,ljg
ljgugo
ugoubd
ubdg
g tueua
tueua dtdu ejgkd
ydg` ejrshfdt bausus dtdu ulul.
5. ]rcgcl
]rcgcljg
jg dkdnda
dkdnda bjnds
bjnds bdyd ydg` khpdbdh
khpdbdh sjed`dh
sjed`dh `dgth
`dgth gclhgd,
gclhgd, ljlpugyd
ljlpugydhh ldbgd
ydg` adlpjr sdld kjg`dg ljgjrhld pjrscgd.
9. Vjre
Vjredd dk
dkdn
dnda
da bj
bjnd
ndss bd
bdtd
td kj
kjg`
g`dg
dg bd
bdnd
nd kd
kdg
g pj
pjrs
rscg
cgd,
d,th
thkd
kdb
b khtd
khtdgk
gkdh
dh ug
ugtu
tub
b bd
bdsu
sus,
s,
ljgugoubdg pjreudtdg dtdu pjgkjrhtddg sjsudtu, dtdu eubdg bjkudgyd.
;. ]drth
]drthshp
shphul
hul dkdnda
dkdnda bjnds
bjnds bdtd ydg` ejrdsdn
ejrdsdn sjed`dhdg
sjed`dhdg kdrh gclhgd,
gclhgd, sjed`dhd
sjed`dhdg
g kdrh
kdrh
vjred bdnd kdg khdtajshs, kdg kdrh bjkudgyd guljrdnhd kdg fh`urd < ejgtub tug``dn

dtdu odldb.
:. Dkvj
Dkvjrerehd
hdnn dk
dkdn
dnda
da bj
bjnd
ndss bd
bdtd
td yd
ydg`
g` khtd
khtdle
leda
dabd
bdg
g bj vj
vjre
red,
d,lj
ljle
leud
udtg
tgyd
yd oj
ojnd
ndss
ljnjg`bdph ldbgdgyd.
6. ]r
]rjp
jpcs
cshs
hshh dk
dkdn
dnda
da bj
bjnd
ndss bd
bdtd
td yd
ydg`
g` khtj
khtjlp
lpdt
dtbd
bdg
g kh kj
kjpd
pdg
g bj
bjnd
ndss bd
bdtd
td nd
ndhg
hg,, ydg`
ydg`
ljg`ueda, ljgyjlpurgdbdg dtdu ljg`urdg`h ldbgdgyd.
0. Bcgoug`sh
Bcgoug`sh dkdnda
dkdnda bjnds
bjnds bdtd ydg` ljg`aueug`-
ljg`aueug`-aueug`b
aueug`bdg
dg kdg ljg`dtur
ljg`dtur ldbgd.
1. Hgtjrojbsh
Hgtjrojbsh dkdnda
dkdnda bjnds
bjnds bdtd ydg`
ydg` ljgugoubdg
ljgugoubdg jlcsh
jlcsh ljndnuh
ljndnuh bdtd ydg` tdb
tdb tjrejgtub.
tjrejgtub.

 Ede 5

]JLED@HDG BJNDY BD[D

KDNDL [D[D EDADYD LJNDXZ

KDG HGKCGJYHD

D. ]jled`hdg
]jled`hdg bjnds
bjnds bdtd kdndl tdtd edadsd
edadsd pjkd`c`h
pjkd`c`hss
 

5.4 Ocdggjs Ucldg (46:9)

Yjed`dhldgd tjnda bdlh bjlubdbdg kdndl bdrdg`dg bdlh ydg` ndhg. Bjtjrdg`dg Ucldg
@rcgkt cftj Bcrt Ejrhiah vdg kj ldyjsiaj [dnj.
9.4 Kdndl
Kdndl eubu
eubu Ldnjhs
Ldnjhsiaj
iaj Yprddb
Yprddbbugs
bugstt ydg` njeha njg`bdp
njg`bdp kdrh
kdrh pdkd bdryd Ucldg hgh,
hgh,
Pjrgkny Cljleudt pjled`hdg dpd ydg` khsjeutgyd accfkrdg`jg.
;.4 Phnhdl
Phnhdl Ldrskjg
Ldrskjg (4145)
(4145)
Ydnda sdtu eubu tdtd edadsd Ljndyu ydg` pdnhg` ejrpjg`drua kdndl kughd Dg`nc-Ydbscg
hdnda bdryd Ldrskjg, D @rdlhgdr cf taj Ldndydg Ndg`ud`j (4145).kh kdndlgyd (anl. 50,
kst.).
:.4 ]jgjrus Phnhdl Ldrskjg. Oacg
Oacg Irdwfurk, kdndl eubugyd D @rdlldr
@rdlldr dgk Khithcgdry cf 
taj Ldndy Ndg`ud`j (anl. 8, kst.)
6.4 Danh sdstrd Ljndyu ydg` ljgunhs eubu tdtd edadsd ydg` ejroukun „Eustdgunbdthehg (41:0)
(41:0)
kdg bdlus jgshbncpjkhs ydg` ejroukun Bhtde pjg`jtdaudg Edadsd (41:8) hgh ljldgkdg`

 edadsd Ljndyu kdrh sukut tdtd edadsd drde.

0.4 Ydrodgd
Ydrodgd ydg` ljg`dodr
ljg`dodr kh sjbcnda
sjbcnda thg``h
thg``h lhnhtjr Ejndgkd hgh,kdndl
hgh,kdndl eubugyd Adgknjhkhg`
Adgknjhkhg`
 eho kj Ejvjfjghg` kjr Ldnjhsiaj [ddndg Njttjrbugkj, ljgydtdbdg edawd pjled`hdg
bjnds bdtd dtds sjpunua ojghs thkdb icicb ugtub edadsd Ljndyu.
1.4 Kdndl eubugyd ydg` ejrpjg`drua
ejrpjg`drua kdndl kughd pjg`dodrdg,
pjg`dodrdg, sdrodgd
sdrodgd hgh ljgydtdg edawd
bjnds bdtd thkdb kdpdt khtjgtubdg kdrh „ vcrl vdg jjg stdlwcrk“
8.4 ]jgunhs
]jgunhs hgh dkdnda crdg` ydg` prheulh pjrtdld
pjrtdld ydg` ljgunhs tdtd edadsd Ljndy
Ljndyu
u kdndl
 edadsd Ljndyu kdndl trdkhsh Xugdgh-Ndthg-Ejndgkd
4=.4
4=.4 Ia.
Ia. D Vdg
Vdg Cpa
Cpauy
uysj
sjg
g sdr
sdrod
odgd
gd ydg
ydg`
` tjr
tjrbj
bjgd
gdnn bdrj
bdrjgd
gd sh
shst
stjl
jl jod
joddg
dg ljn
ljndy
dyu
u ljle
ljled`
d`hh
bjnds bdtd ydg` khkdsdrbdg pdkd ldbgd bdtd kdg sjed`hdg pdkd fug`shgyd kdndl bdnhldt.
44.4
44.4 U.C.
U.C. Phgs
Phgstj
tjkt
kt,, kdnd
kdndl
l eubu
eubu Ldnd
Ldndy
y @rdl
@rdlld
ldrr ydg`
ydg` ej
ejrp
rpjg
jg`d
`dru
rua
a kh Yj
Yjlj
ljgd
gdgo
goug
ug`
`
Ldndyd
Ldndyd hgh.
hgh. Hd ljled`
ljled`hh bjnds
bjnds bdtd
bdtd ljgodk
ljgodkhh Yuestd
Yuestdgth
gthvj,
vj, dkojit
dkojithvj
hvj,, vjre,
vjre, prcgcug
prcgcug,,
guljrdn, dkvjre, prjpcshthcg, icgouithcg, hgtjrojithcg.
45
45..4 I.D Ljjs, hd ljgydtdb
dbddg edawd pj
pjl
led
ed`
`hdg bjnds bdtd htu dkd
kdnnda ljg`hbu
butth
Drhstctjn
Drhstctjnjs.
js. Hgh ojnds bjbjnhrudg
bjbjnhrudg sjodrda
sjodrda bdrjgd sjpjrth ydg` sukda bdlh gydtdbdg
gydtdbdg kdndl
bdrdg`dg bdlh Drhstctjnjs adgyd ljled`h nc`cs dtdu cgcld, rajld, kdg sygkjslcs.
E. ]jled`hdg
]jled`hdg bjnds
bjnds bdtd kdndl edadsd tjbghs
tjbghs
 

4.4 Yndljtlunod
Yndljtlunodgd,
gd, sdrodgd hgh kdndl
kdndl eubugyd bdhkda edadsd Hgkc
Hgkcgjshd
gjshd ljg``cncg`bd
ljg``cncg`bdg
g bdtd
dtds ; rj`u
4.5 Dgtcg
Dgtcg L. Lcjnhc
Lcjnhcgc,
gc, kdndl bdrdg`d
bdrdg`dggyd
ggyd ydg` ejrouk
ejroukun
un sudtu
sudtu rjcrhj
rjcrhjgtd
gtdsh
sh kdndl
kdndl tdt
tdtdd
 edadsd Hgkcgjshd, kdg hd ljg``cncg`bddg bdtd-bd ljgtd dtds 9 rulpug ydhtu rulpug
gclhgdn, vjredn, kdg pdrthbjn.
4.9 Pcoc
Pcocwd
wdsh
shtc
tc,, hd ljg``
ljg``cn
cncg`
cg`bd
bdg
g bd
bdtd
td ljgo
ljgodk
dkhh bdtd
bdtd ej
ejgkd
gkd,, bj
bjro
rod,
d, sh
shfd
fdt,
t, td
tdle
leda
da,,
 pjg`aueug`, sjru, ehndg`dg, `dgth, kjpdg.
4.; L. Udlndg
Udlndg ou`d ljg``ug
ljg``ugdbd
dbdg
g ihrh-i
ihrh-ihrh
hrh fug`shcg
fug`shcgdn
dn ydhtu
ydhtu kjg`dg
kjg`dg ljnhad
ljnhadtt ed`dhld
ed`dhldgd
gd
bjkukubdg thdp `cncg`dg htu kdndl sdtudg ydg` njeha ejsdr 
4.: Ydlsurh
Ydlsurh ljled`dh
ljled`dh fjgcljg bdtd
bdtd ljgodkh 5 dhtu bdtd
bdtd utdld kdg bdtd
bdtd sdrdgd.
I. ]jled`hdg
]jled`hdg bjnds
bjnds bdtd
bdtd kdndl
kdndl tdtd
tdtd edadsd
edadsd Ljndyu
Ljndyu
4.4 _dhgdn
_dhgdn ‑Dehkh
‑Dehkhg
g ehg Daldk
Daldk (_d‘ed
(_d‘ed)) kh`jnd
kh`jndrh
rh sjed`d
sjed`dhh Edpdb
Edpdb [dtd
[dtd Edadsd
Edadsd [rdkhs
[rdkhshcg
hcgdn
dn
Ljndyu kdg Edpdb [dtd Edadsd [rdkhshcgdn Hgkcjshd. Bdrjgd ljrupdbdg sdnda sdu eubu

 pjndodrdg ydg` ljlhnhbh pjg`drda ejsdr kdndl kughd pjgkhkhbdg.

4.5 J.L.F. ]dygj sdrodgd
sdrodgd hgh ljled`h bjnds bdtd bjkdndl edadsd Ljndy
Ljndyu
u Lckjrg ljgodkh
 pdrthbjn ydg` ljnhputh prjpcshsh, pcstpcshnhcg, pcshthcgdnny frjj kdg gcg-pdrthbjn ydg`
ljnhputh gclhgdn, vjredns, duxhnhdrhjs.
4.9 Dslda A. Cldr, hd ljled`h bjnds bdtd bjkdndl edads
edadsdd Ljndyu Lckjrg ydhtu gclhgdn
ydg` ljnhputh gcug, prcgcug, guljrdn. Kdg ydg` bjkud vjredns lckdn vjres, dspjit
vjres, kdg vjres. Bjth`d fugithcg wcrks ljnhputh funn wcrk, kdg
k dg pdrthinjs.
4.; Nhdw Xcib Fdg`, eubu hgh
hgh ljrupdbdg eubu edru ydg` hshgyd ljledads shgtdbshs
shgtdbshs ljndyu.
Ejnh
Ejnhdu
du ljle
ljled`h
d`h bj
bjnd
ndss bdtd
bdtd dt
dtds
ds 8 oj
ojgh
ghss yd
ydht
htu
u bd
bdtd
td gd
gdld
ld,, `d
`dgt
gthh gd
gdld
ld,, bj
bjro
rod,
d, sh
shfd
fdt,
t,
bjtjrdg`dg, kjpdg, pjg`aueug`, sjrudg.
K. ]jled`hdg
]jled`hdg bjnds bdtd kdndl tdtd
tdtd edadsd pjkd`c`hsydg`
pjkd`c`hsydg` ejrcr
ejrcrhjgtd
hjgtdsh
sh nhg`uhsthb 
nhg`uhsthb 
4.4 Ucss U. Ldikcgdnk, sdrodgd
sdrodgd hgh ljled`h dpd ydg` khsjeutgyd ffcrl
crl indssjs ydhtu
ydhtu gclhgdn
ydg` ljnhputh prcgcugs, gcugs, guljrdthvjs, icugt gcugs kjtjrlhgjrs kdg prjkhidthvjs
ydg` ljnhputh vjres, dkojithvjs, dkougits, kdg dkvjrehdns.
4.5 @crys Bjrdf, sdrodgd hgh ljled`h bjnds bdtd ljgodkh bdtd ejgkd, bjrod, sshfdt,
hfdt, kdg tu`ds.
J. ]jled`hdg
]jled`hdg bjnds bdtd
bdtd kdndl tdtd
tdtd edadsd
edadsd stdgkdr
stdgkdr Hgkcgjshd
Hgkcgjshd kdg Ldndyshd
Ldndyshd
4.4 [dtd edadsd
edadsd edbu Edadsd Hgkcgjsh
Hgkcgjshdd 4811

Kdndl adn hgh tjrkdpdt pjled`hdg bjnds bdtd sjed`dh ejrhbut

 

4. Vjre
Vjredd dtdu
dtdu bd
bdtd
td bj
bjro
rodd
5. Gclh
Gclhgd
gd dt
dtdu
du bdtd
bdtd ejg
ejgkd
kd
9. Do
Dojb
jbth
thvd
vd dtd
dtdu
u bdtd
bdtd shf
shfdt
dt
;. Dkvjrehd
:. Bdtd ttu
u`ds

Kdndl bdtj`crh bjnhld khldsubdg prjpcshsh, bcgoug`sh, hgtjrojbsh, drthbjn, kdg pdrthbjn.

4.5 tdtdedadsd
tdtdedadsd kjwdg
kjwdg 4818
khbjlubdbdg ; `cncg`dg bdtd ydbgh bdtd gdld, bjrod, dojbthf, tu`ds. Kdndl bdtd tu`ds
tjr`cncg` bdtd-bdtd ejrhbut?
bdtd aueug`, sjru, [dgyd, pjrhgtda,
pjrhgtda, pdg`bdn dydt, edgtu, pjg`udt, pjgj`ds, gdfh, pjljrh,
pjljrh,
sjgkh gdld, pjlejgdr, ehndg`dg, drda.

Ede 9

EJEJUD]D ]UHGYH] ]JGJG[ZDG BJNDY BD[D KDNDL [D[D EDADYD HGKCGJYHD

4. Vjred Bdtd khbdtdbdg ejrbdtj`crh vjred ohbd kdndl frdsd kdpdt khkdlphg`h pdrthbjn thkdb 
kdndl bcgstrubsh kdg thkdb kdpdt khkdlphg`h pdrthbjn kh, bj, kdrh, dtdu kjg`dg pdrthbjn sjpjrth
sdg`dt, njeha, dtdu d`db. Ejrkdsdrbdg ejgtubgyd vjred khejkdbdg ljgodkh?

d. Vjred Kdsdr Ejeds Dkdnda vjred ydg` ejrupd lcrfjl kdsdr ejeds. Icgtca? gcgtcg, ldbdg,
ldgkh, lhgul, pjr`h, pundg`, ndrh, ncgidt.

 e. Vjred [urugdg Dkdnda vjred ydg` tjnda ljg`dndlh dfhbsdsh, rjkupnhbdsh, `deug`dg prcsjs
dtdu ejrupd pdkudg njbsjl. Ejgtub turugdggyd, ydhtu?

4) Vjred Ejrdfhbs Icgtca? ejrkdgkdg, tjredydg`, bjrhgkudg, bjijndbddg,

bjijndbddg, ljlds
ljldsdb,
db, ejbjrod,
ejbjrod,
ljgodndgh.

  5) Vjred
Vjred Ejrjku
Ejrjkupnh
pnhbds
bdshh Icgtca?
Icgtca? ndrh-n
ndrh-ndrh
drh,, hg`dt-
hg`dt-hg`
hg`dt,
dt, ldou-l
ldou-ldou
dou,, sjldg`
sjldg`dt-
dt-sjl
sjldg`d
dg`dt,
t,
ldndsldnds.
 

9) Vjred Ejrprcsjs @deug`dg Icgtca? ejridgkd-idgkd, tjrsjgyul-sjgyul, tjredydg`-edydg`,

 ejrdgkdh-dgkdh.

 i. Vjred Ldojlub Icgtca? euda tdg`dg, iuih ldtd, ugoub `h`h, dku kcled, idlpur tdg`dg,
ldhg adbhl.

Yuebdtj`crhsdsh vjred kdpdt khed`h sjed`dh ejrhbut.

4. Ejrkdsdrbdg Edgydbgyd Gclhgd ydg` Ljgkdlphg`h

d) Vjred Hgtrdgshthf Vjred Hgtrdgshthf dkdnda vjred ydg` ljg`ahgkdrbdg ceojb. Bndusd ydg`
ljldbdh vjred hgh adgyd ljlpugydh sdtu gclhgd. Kdndl vjred hgh tjrkdpdt vjred ydg` ejrpdku
kjg`dg gclhgd, lhsdngyd dnha edadsd, idlpur tdg`dg, iuih ldtd, ejrsjpjkd, ejrsjpdtu. Dkd ou`d
vjred ydg` thkdb ehsd ejr`deug` kjg`dg pjrfhbs lj-, ejr- tdgpd ljg`ueda ldbgd kdsdrgyd,
khsjeut bdtd bjrod dus. Icgtca? dkd, ednhb (< bjlednh), edg`ug, ejgih dbdg, ihgtd dbdg, khdl (<
thkdb ejr`jrdb).

 e) Vjred [rdgshthf Dkdnda vjred ydg` adrus ljgkdlphg`h ceyjb.

ceyjb . Ejrkdsdrbdg edgydbgyd ceyjb,
tjrkdp
tjrkdpdt
dt ejejrd
ejejrdpd
pd vjred?
vjred? - Vjred
Vjred lcgctr
lcgctrdgs
dgsht
hthf,
hf, ydhtu
ydhtu vjred
vjred ydg` ljlpugy
ljlpugydh
dh sdtu
sdtu ceyjb.
ceyjb.
Icgtca? sdyd (Y) ljlejnh eubu (C). - Vjred ehtrdgshthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljlpugydh kud ceyjb.
Icgtca? heu (Y) ljledwd dkhb (C tdb ndg`sug`) buj (C ndg`sug`). - Vjred khtrdgshthf, ydhtu
vjred ydg` ceyjbgyd thkdb lugiun. Icgtca? Dkhb sjkdg` ldbdg.

 5. Ejrkdsdrbdg Aueug`dg Vjred kjg`dg Gclhgd d) Vjred dbthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` sueyjbgyd
 ejrpjrdg sjed`dh pjndbu, ehdsdgyd ejrprjfhbs lj-, ejr-, dtdu tdgpd prjfhbs. Icgtca? Dbu

ljgug``u ahg``d dbahr wdbtu. Ohbd khtdgkdh kjg`dg sufhbs ’bdg, dbdg ejrldbgd ejgjfdbthf dtdu
bdusdthf. Icgtcagyd? Heu ljldsdbbdg dyda rjgkdg`. Ohbd khtdgkdh kjg`dg sufhbs ’h , dbdg
 ejrldbgd ncbdthf dtdu rjpjththf. Icgtca? Hgjz ljg`dlehnh bjrhbhn kh adndldg.

 e) Vjred pdshf, ydhtu vjred ydg` sueyjbgyd ejrpjrdg sjed`dh pjgkjrhtd, sdsdrdg, dtdu adshn.
Ehdsdg
Ehdsdgyd
yd khdwdn
khdwdnhh kjg`dg
kjg`dg prjfhb
prjfhbss kh- dtdu
dtdu tjr-.
tjr-. Dpdehn
Dpdehndd kht
khtdgkd
dgkdhh kjg`dg
kjg`dg prjfhb
prjfhbss tjr
tjr-- ldbd
ldbd
 ejrldbgd pjrfjbthf. Icgtca? Crdg` htu tjrtderdb lcehnbu. ]dkd ululgyd vjred pdshf kdpdt
khueda
khueda ljgodk
ljgodkhh vjred
vjred dbthf
dbthf kjg`dg
kjg`dg idrd
idrd ljg``d
ljg``dgth
gth dfh
dfhbsg
bsgyd.
yd. Icgtca
Icgtca?? Crdg`
Crdg` htu tjr
tjrtde
tderdb 
rdb 
lcehnbu ‛’ Lcehnbu ljgderdb crdg` htu. i. Vjred dgth-dbthf (jr`dthf), ydhtu vjred pdshf ydg`

th
thkdb
kdb kdpdt
kdpdt khueda
khueda ljgodk
ljgodkhh vjred
vjred dbthf
dbthf kdg sueyjbg
sueyjbgyd
yd ljrupd
ljrupdbdg
bdg pjgdg``
pjgdg``dp
dp (ljgkjr
(ljgkjrhtd
htd,,
 

ljrdsdbdg). Icgtca? Odrhbu tjrtusub odrul. k. Vjred dgth-pdshf, ydhtu vjred ydg` thkdb kdpdt
khueda ljgodkh vjred pdshf. Icgtca? Hd ljgihul bjghg` Uhgd ugtub tjrdbahr bdnhgyd.

9. Ejrkdsdrbdg Hgtjrdbsh dgtdrd Gclhgd ]jgkdlphg`gyd

 d. Vjred rjshprcbdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljgydtdbdg pjreudtdg ydg` khndbubdg cnja kud phadb, kdg
 pjreudtdg tjrsjeut khndbubdg kjg`dg sdnhg` ejredndsdg. Ejejrdpd ejgtub vjred rjshprcbdn?

 4) ejr+idncg vjred ydg` ljlpugydh shfdt rjshprcbdn, icgtca? ejrpjrdg`

 5) ejr+vjred kdsdr+dg, icgtca? ejrpj`dg`dg

 9) ejr+rjkupnhbdsh vjred kdsdr+dg, icgtca? ejrsdndl-sdndldg

;) sdnhg` lj+vjred kdsdr+h, icgtca? sdnhg` ljlubunh

:) edbu+vjred kdsdr, icgtca? edbu tjledb 

 6) vjred kdsdr4 + lj+ vjred kdsdr5, icgtca? tcncg` ljgcncg` 0) rjkupnhbdsh vjred + dg, icgtca?
iueht-iuehtdg

1) sdnhg` tjr- vjred kdsdr, icgtca? iueht-iuehtdg

8) sdnhg` bj+vjred kdsdr+dg, icgtca? sdnhg` bjahndg`dg

b jahndg`dg

4=) lj+vjred+ -h/-bdg+sdtu sdld ndhg, icgtca? ljlddfbdg sdtu sdld ndhg.

 e. Vjred gcg-rjshprcbdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` thkdb ljgydtdbdg pjreudtdg ydg` khndbubdg cnja
c nja kud
ku d
 phadb kdg thkdb sdnhg` ejredndsdg.

;. Ejrkdsdrbdg Ujfjrjgsh Dr`uljggyd

d. Vjred rjfnjbshf, ydhtu vjred ydg` bjkud dr`uljggyd ljlpugydh rjfjrjg ydg` sdld.

 e. Vjred gcg rjfnjbsh, ydhtu vjred ydg` bjkud dr`uljggyd ljlpugydh rjfjrjg ydg` ejrndhgdg.

:. Ejrkdsdrbdg Aueug`dg Hkjgthfhbdsh dgtdrd Dr`uljg-dr`uljggyd

d. Vjred bcpundthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljlpugydh pctjgsh ugtub khtdg``dnbdg tdgpd ljg`ueda
bcgstrubsh prjkhbdthf ydg` ejrsdg`butdg. Icgtca? ljrupdbdg, dkdnda.
 

 e. Vjred jbudthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljg`ug`bdpbdg ihrh sdnda sdtu dr`uljggyd. Icgtca?
 ejroulnda, ejrndgkdsbdg. Vjred [jnhs kdg Vjred Dtjnhs

d. Vjred
Vjred tjnhs
tjnhs ljgydt
ljgydtdbd
dbdg
g edawd
edawd pjreud
pjreudtdg
tdg tugtds
tugtds dtdu
dtdu ejrsds
ejrsdsdrd
drdg,
g, sjkdg`b
sjkdg`bdg
dg vjred
vjred dtjnhs
dtjnhs
ljgydtdbdg edawd pjreudtdg ejnul tugtds. Icgtca? Dyda ljgidg`bun sdwda‛dyda ejridg`bun

sdwda.
 e. Vjred pjrfcrldthf kdg vjred bcgstdtdthf, khejkdbdg ljgodkh?

4) vj
vjre
redd pj
pjrf
rfcr
crld
ldth
thf,
f, yd
ydht
htu
u vjred
vjred kd
kdnd
ndl
l bd
bdnh
nhld
ldtt yd
ydg`
g` sj
sjidr
idrdd nd
ndg`
g`su
sug`
g` ljg`u
ljg`ug`
g`bdp
bdpbd
bdg
g
 pjrtuturdg ydg` kheudt pjlehidrd pdkd wdbtu ljg`uodrbdg bdnhldt. Icgtca? ljg`uidpbdg,
ljgyjeutbdg

 5) vjred bcgstdthf, ydhtu vjred kdndl bdnhldt ydg` ljgydtdbdg dtdu ljg`dgkug` `dledrdg
tjgtdg` sudtu pjrhsthwd. Icgtca? ljgunhs, ljgjledbh. ]jrphgkdadg Bdtj`crh Yjndhg ejgtub kdsdr 
kdg turugdg vjredn lurgh, tjrkdpdt pund vjred ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh bdtj`crh ndhg, vjred kjlhbhdg
hdnda?

4) Vjred kjgclhgdn, ydhtu vjredydg` ejrdsdn kdrh gclhgd, Icgtca? ljldadt, ljledtu, ejrkurh,
 ejreukdyd

5) Vjred dkojbthvdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh dojbthvd, Icgtca? ljg`ahgd, ljydbhgbdg

9) Vjred kjdkvjrehdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh dkvjrehdn Icgtca? ljgyukdah, ejrsug``ua-
sug``ua.

5. Dojbth
Dojbthvd
vd Dojbth
Dojbthvd
vd dkdnda
dkdnda bdtj`cr
bdtj`crhh ydg`
ydg` khtdgk
khtdgkdh
dh cnja
cnja bjlug`
bjlug`bhg
bhgdgg
dggyd
yd ugtub
ugtub ejr`de
ejr`deug`
ug`
kjg`dg pdrthbjn thkdb, ljgkdlphg`h gclhgd, dtdu khkdlphg`h pdrthbjn sjpjrth njeha, sdg`dt, d`db,
ljlpugydh ihrh-ihrh lcrfcnc`hs sjpjrth ’jr (kdndl acgcrjr), -hf (kdndl sjgshthf), kdg ’h (kdndl
dndlh), kdg khejgtub ljgodkh gclhgd kjg`dg bcgfhbs bj-dg sjpjrth bjydbhgdg. Kdrh ejgtubgyd
dojbthvd kdpdt khejkdbdg ljgodkh?

d. Dojbthvd Kdsdr

4) Kdpdt khuoh kjg`dg bdtd sdg`dt, njeha, lhsdngyd? dkhn, d`ug`, edad`hd, ejrsha, ijlejrut,
idg``ug`, kug`u, khshpnhg, jg``dg, jncb, fdgdthb, fdtdn, `dgtjg`, `dndu, adus, adnus, hgkda, hsjg`,
 

 ojnhtd, odadt, bjgydn, bdeur, ndledt, ndgidr, ldadn, ldghs, gdbdn, gjtrdn, ctjgthb, pdkdt, pdadl,
rdldh, rdpdt, sdkdr, sdedr, tddt, tdbut, ugtug`, unjt, kdg sjed`dhgyd.

5) [hkdb kdpdt khuoh kjg`dg bdtd sdg`dt, njeha, lhsdngyd? eugtu, ididt, `dhe, `dgkd, `jgdp,
hgtjrncbdn, bjour, ndgihg`, ndg`sug`, ndug, lusgda, ghsbdnd, pjndb, tjgtu, tug``dn, kse.

 e. Dojbthvd [urugdg

4) Dojbthvd turugdg ejrdfhbs lhsdngyd tjracrldt.

5) Dojbthvd ejrjkupnhbdsh, lhsdngyd rhg`dg-rhg`dg.

9) Dojbthvd ejrdfhbs U-dg dtdu bj-dg, lhsdngyd bjldnu-ldnudg.

bj ldnu-ldnudg.

;) Dojbthvd ejrdfhbs ’h, lhsdngyd dndlh, dndlhda (dndl).

:) Dojbthvd ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh ejred`dh bjnds

b jnds kjg`dg prcsjs-prcsjs sjed`dh ejrhbut.

Bjnds Bdtd Kdndl Edadsd Hgkcgjshd Ejrhbut dkdnda pjgodedrdg kdrh ojghs-ojghs bjnds bdtd kdndl
 edadsd Hgkcgjshd cnja Adrhlurth Brhkdndbsdgd?

4. Vjred Bdtd khbdtdbdg ejrbdtj`crh vjred ohbd kdndl frdsd kdpdt khkdlphg`h pdrthbjn thkdb 
kdndl bcgstrubsh kdg thkdb kdpdt khkdlphg`h pdrthbjn kh, bj, kdrh, dtdu kjg`dg pdrthbjn sjpjrth
sdg`dt, njeha, dtdu d`db. Ejrkdsdrbdg ejgtubgyd vjred khejkdbdg ljgodkh?

 d. Vjred Kdsdr Ejeds Dkdnda vjred ydg` ejrupd lcrfjl kdsdr ejeds. Icgtca? gcgtcg, ldbdg,
ldgkh, lhgul, pjr`h, pundg`, ndrh, ncgidt.

 e. Vjred [urugdg Dkdnda vjred ydg` tjnda ljg`dndlh dfhbsdsh, rjkupnhbdsh, `deug`dg prcsjs
dtdu ejrupd pdkudg njbsjl. Ejgtub turugdggyd, ydhtu?

4) Vjred Ejrdfhbs Icgtca? ejrkdgkdg, tjredydg`, bjrhgkudg, bjijndbddg,

bjijndbddg, ljlds
ljldsdb,
db, ejbjrod,
ejbjrod,
ljgodndgh.

5) Vjred
Vjred Ejrj
Ejrjku
kupn
pnhb
hbds
dshh Icgt
Icgtca
ca?? nd
ndrh
rh-n
-ndr
drh,
h, hg`d
hg`dt-
t-hg
hg`dt
`dt,, ld
ldou
ou-l
-ldo
dou,
u, sj
sjld
ldg`
g`dt
dt-s
-sjl
jldg
dg`d
`dt,
t,
ldndsldnds.

9) Vjred Ejrprcsjs @deug`dg Icgtca? ejridgkd-idgkd, tjrsjgyul-sjgyul, tjredydg`-edydg`,

 ejrdgkdh-dgkdh.
 

i. Vjred Ldojlub Icgtca? euda tdg`dg, iuih ldtd, ugoub `h`h, dku kcled, idlpur tdg`dg, ldhg
adbhl. Yuebdtj`crhsdsh vjred kdpdt khed`h sjed`dh ejrhbut.

4. Ejrkdsdrbdg Edgydbgyd Gclhgd ydg` Ljgkdlphg`h

d) Vjred Hgtrdgshthf Vjred Hgtrdgshthf dkdnda vjred ydg` ljg`ahgkdrbdg ceojb. Bndusd ydg`
ljldbdh vjred hgh adgyd ljlpugydh sdtu gclhgd. Kdndl vjred hgh tjrkdpdt vjred ydg` ejrpdku
kjg`dg gclhgd, lhsdngyd dnha edadsd, idlpur tdg`dg, iuih ldtd, ejrsjpjkd, ejrsjpdtu. Dkd ou`d
vjred ydg` thkdb ehsd ejr`deug` kjg`dg pjrfhbs lj-, ejr- tdgpd ljg`ueda ldbgd kdsdrgyd,
khsjeut bdtd bjrod dus. Icgtca? dkd, ednhb (< bjlednh), edg`ug, ejgih dbdg, ihgtd dbdg, khdl (<
thkdb ejr`jrdb).

 e) Vjred [rdgshthf Dkdnda vjred ydg` adrus ljgkdlphg`h ceyjb.

ceyjb . Ejrkdsdrbdg edgydbgyd ceyjb,
tjrkdp
tjrkdpdt
dt ejejrd
ejejrdpd
pd vjred?
vjred? - Vjred
Vjred lcgctr
lcgctrdgs
dgsht
hthf,
hf, ydhtu
ydhtu vjred
vjred ydg` ljlpugy
ljlpugydh
dh sdtu
sdtu ceyjb.
ceyjb.
Icgtca? sdyd (Y) ljlejnh eubu (C). - Vjred ehtrdgshthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljlpugydh kud ceyjb.
Icgtca? heu (Y) ljledwd dkhb (C tdb ndg`sug`) buj (C ndg`sug`). - Vjred khtrdgshthf, ydhtu
vjred ydg` ceyjbgyd thkdb lugiun. Icgtca? Dkhb sjkdg` ldbdg.

 5. Ejrkdsdrbdg Aueug`dg Vjred kjg`dg Gclhgd

d) Vjred dbthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` sueyjbgyd ejrpjrdg sjed`dh pjndbu, ehdsdgyd ejrprjfhbs lj-,
 ejr-, dtdu tdgpd prjfhbs. Icgtca? Dbu ljgug``u ahg``d dbahr wdbtu. Ohbd khtdgkdh kjg`dg sufhbs
 ’bdg, dbdg ejrldbgd ejgjfdbthf dtdu bdusdthf. Icgtcagyd?
Icg tcagyd? Heu ljldsdbbdg dyda rjgkdg`. Ohbd
khtdgkdh kjg`dg sufhbs ’h , dbdg ejrldbgd ncbdthf dtdu rjpjththf. Icgtca? Hgjz ljg`dlehnh bjrhbhn
kh adndldg.

 e) Vjred pdshf, ydhtu vjred ydg` sueyjbgyd ejrpjrdg sjed`dh pjgkjrhtd, sdsdrdg, dtdu adshn.
Ehdsdg
Ehdsdgyd
yd khdwdn
khdwdnhh kjg`dg
kjg`dg prjfhb
prjfhbss kh- dtdu
dtdu tjr-.
tjr-. Dpdehn
Dpdehndd kht
khtdgkd
dgkdhh kjg`dg
kjg`dg prjfhb
prjfhbss tjr
tjr-- ldbd
ldbd
 ejrldbgd pjrfjbthf. Icgtca? Crdg` htu tjrtderdb lcehnbu. ]dkd ululgyd vjred pdshf kdpdt
khueda
khueda ljgodk
ljgodkhh vjred
vjred dbthf
dbthf kjg`dg
kjg`dg idrd
idrd ljg``d
ljg``dgth
gth dfh
dfhbsg
bsgyd.
yd. Icgtca
Icgtca?? Crdg`
Crdg` htu tjr
tjrtde
tderdb 
rdb 
lcehnbu ‛’ Lcehnbu ljgderdb crdg` htu.

  i. Vjred dgth-dbthf
dgth-dbthf (jr`d
(jr`dthf)
thf),, ydhtu vjred pdshf ydg` thkdb kdpdt khueda ljgodkh
ljgodkh vjred dbthf kdg
sueyjbgyd ljrupdbdg pjgdg``dp (ljgkjrhtd, ljrdsdbdg). Icgtca? Odrhbu tjrtusub odrul.
 

k. Vjred
Vjred dgth-p
dgth-pdsh
dshf,
f, ydhtu
ydhtu vjred
vjred ydg` thkdb kdpdt
kdpdt khueda
khueda ljgodk
ljgodkhh vjred
vjred pdshf
pdshf.. Icgtca
Icgtca?? Hd
ljgihul bjghg` Uhgd ugtub tjrdbahr bdnhgyd.

9. Ejrkdsdrbdg Hgtjrdbsh dgtdrd Gclhgd ]jgkdlphg`gyd

d. Vjred rjshprcbdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljgydtdbdg pjreudtdg ydg` khndbubdg cnja kud phadb, kdg
 pjreudtdg tjrsjeut khndbubdg kjg`dg sdnhg` ejredndsdg. Ejejrdpd ejgtub vjred rjshprcbdn?

4) ejr+idncg vjred ydg` ljlpugydh shfdt rjshprcbdn, icgtca? ejrpjrdg`

5) ejr+vjred kdsdr+dg, icgtca? ejrpj`dg`dg

9) ejr+rjkupnhbdsh vjred kdsdr+dg, icgtca? ejrsdndl-sdndldg

;) sdnhg` lj+vjred kdsdr+h, icgtca? sdnhg` ljlubunh

:) edbu+vjred kdsdr, icgtca? edbu tjledb

6) vjred kdsdr4 + lj+ vjred kdsdr5, icgtca? tcncg` ljgcncg`

0) rjkupnhbdsh vjred + dg, icgtca? iueht-iuehtdg

1) sdnhg` tjr- vjred kdsdr, icgtca? iueht-iuehtdg

8) sdnhg` bj+vjred kdsdr+dg, icgtca? sdnhg` bjahndg`dg

4=) lj+vjred+ -h/-bdg+sdtu sdld ndhg, icgtca? ljlddfbdg sdtu sdld ndhg.

 e. Vjred gcg-rjshprcbdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` thkdb ljgydtdbdg pjreudtdg ydg` khndbubdg cnja
c nja kud
ku d
 phadb kdg thkdb sdnhg` ejredndsdg.

;. Ejrkdsdrbdg Ujfjrjgsh Dr`uljggyd

d. Vjred rjfnjbshf, ydhtu vjred ydg` bjkud dr`uljggyd ljlpugydh rjfjrjg ydg` sdld.

 e. Vjred gcg rjfnjbsh, ydhtu vjred ydg` bjkud dr`uljggyd ljlpugydh rjfjrjg ydg` ejrndhgdg.

:. Ejrkdsdrbdg Aueug`dg Hkjgthfhbdsh dgtdrd Dr`uljg-dr`uljggyd

d. Vjred bcpundthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljlpugydh pctjgsh ugtub khtdg``dnbdg tdgpd ljg`ueda
bcgstrubsh prjkhbdthf ydg` ejrsdg`butdg. Icgtca? ljrupdbdg, dkdnda.
 

 e. Vjred jbudthf, ydhtu vjred ydg` ljg`ug`bdpbdg ihrh sdnda sdtu dr`uljggyd. Icgtca?
 ejroulnda, ejrndgkdsbdg. Vjred [jnhs kdg Vjred Dtjnhs

d. Vjred
Vjred tjnhs
tjnhs ljgydt
ljgydtdbd
dbdg
g edawd
edawd pjreud
pjreudtdg
tdg tugtds
tugtds dtdu
dtdu ejrsds
ejrsdsdrd
drdg,
g, sjkdg`b
sjkdg`bdg
dg vjred
vjred dtjnhs
dtjnhs
ljgydtdbdg edawd pjreudtdg ejnul tugtds. Icgtca? Dyda ljgidg`bun sdwda‛dyda ejridg`bun

sdwda.
 e. Vjred pjrfcrldthf kdg vjred bcgstdtdthf, khejkdbdg ljgodkh?

  4) vjred
vjred pjrfcr
pjrfcrldt
ldthf,
hf, ydhtu
ydhtu vjred
vjred kdndl
kdndl bdnhld
bdnhldtt ydg` sjidrd
sjidrd ndg`su
ndg`sug`
g` ljg
ljg`ug`
`ug`bdp
bdpbdg
bdg
 pjrtuturdg ydg` kheudt pjlehidrd pdkd wdbtu ljg`uodrbdg bdnhldt. Icgtca? ljg`uidpbdg,
ljgyjeutbdg

5) vjred bcgstdthf, ydhtu vjred kdndl bdnhldt ydg` ljgydtdbdg dtdu ljg`dgkug` `dledrdg
tjgtdg` sudtu pjrhsthwd. Icgtca? ljgunhs, ljgjledbh. ]jrphgkdadg Bdtj`crh Yjndhg ejgtub kdsdr 
kdg turugdg vjredn lurgh, tjrkdpdt pund vjred ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh bdtj`crh ndhg, vjred kjlhbhdg
hdnda? 4) Vjred kjgclhgdn, ydhtu vjredydg` ejrdsdn kdrh gclhgd, Icgtca? ljldadt, ljledtu,
 ejrkurh, ejreukdyd

5) Vjred dkojbthvdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh dojbthvd, Icgtca? ljg`ahgd, ljydbhgbdg

9) Vjred kjdkvjrehdn, ydhtu vjred ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh dkvjrehdn Icgtca? ljgyukdah, ejrsug``ua-
sug``ua.

;. Dojbth
Dojbthvd
vd Dojbth
Dojbthvd
vd dkdnda
dkdnda bdtj`cr
bdtj`crhh ydg`
ydg` khtdgk
khtdgkdh
dh cnja
cnja bjlug`
bjlug`bhg
bhgdgg
dggyd
yd ugtub
ugtub ejr`de
ejr`deug`
ug`
kjg`dg pdrthbjn thkdb, ljgkdlphg`h gclhgd, dtdu khkdlphg`h pdrthbjn sjpjrth njeha, sdg`dt, d`db,
ljlpugydh ihrh-ihrh lcrfcnc`hs sjpjrth ’jr (kdndl acgcrjr), -hf (kdndl sjgshthf), kdg ’h (kdndl
dndlh), kdg khejgtub ljgodkh gclhgd kjg`dg bcgfhbs bj-dg sjpjrth bjydbhgdg. Kdrh ejgtubgyd
dojbthvd kdpdt khejkdbdg ljgodkh?

d. Dojbthvd Kdsdr

4) Kdpdt khuoh kjg`dg bdtd sdg`dt, njeha, lhsdngyd? dkhn, d`ug`, edad`hd, ejrsha, ijlejrut,
idg``ug`, kug`u, khshpnhg, jg``dg, jncb, fdgdthb, fdtdn, `dgtjg`, `dndu, adus, adnus, hgkda, hsjg`,
 ojnhtd, odadt, bjgydn, bdeur, ndledt, ndgidr, ldadn, ldghs, gdbdn, gjtrdn, ctjgthb, pdkdt, pdadl,
rdldh, rdpdt, sdkdr, sdedr, tddt, tdbut, ugtug`, unjt, kdg sjed`dhgyd.
 

5) [hkdb kdpdt khuoh kjg`dg bdtd sdg`dt, njeha, lhsdngyd? eugtu, ididt, `dhe, `dgkd, `jgdp,
hgtjrncbdn, bjour, ndgihg`, ndg`sug`, ndug, lusgda, ghsbdnd, pjndb, tjgtu, tug``dn, kse.

 e. Dojbthvd [urugdg

4) Dojbthvd turugdg ejrdfhbs lhsdngyd tjracrldt.

5) Dojbthvd ejrjkupnhbdsh, lhsdngyd rhg`dg-rhg`dg.

9) Dojbthvd ejrdfhbs U-dg dtdu bj-dg, lhsdngyd bjldnu-ldnudg.

bj ldnu-ldnudg.

;) Dojbthvd ejrdfhbs ’h, lhsdngyd dndlh, dndlhda (dndl).

:) Do
Dojb
jbth
thvd
vd ydg`
ydg` ejrds
ejrdsdn
dn kdrh
kdrh pj
pjne
ned`
d`dh
dh bj
bjnd
ndss kjg`d
kjg`dg
g pr
prcs
csjs
js-p
-prc
rcsj
sjss sj
sjed`
ed`dh
dh ejrhb
ejrhbut
ut.. -
Kjvjre
Kjvjrednh
dnhsds
sdsh,
h, lhsdn?
lhsdn? ljgijbd
ljgijbdl,
l, ljgojg
ljgojg`bjn
`bjnbdg
bdg,, tjr
tjrpdb
pdbsd,
sd, tjr
tjrshg
shg``ug
``ug`,
`, kdg sjed`dh
sjed`dhgyd.
gyd. -
Kjgclhgdnhsdsh, lhsdn? pjnupd, pjldnds, rdadshd, pjrwhrd, danh, ldndl, pdgodg`, kdg sjed`dhgyd.
- Kj-d
Kj-dkv
kvjr
jreh
ehdn
dnhs
hsds
dsh,
h, lh
lhsd
sdn?
n? ejrtd
ejrtdle
leda,
da, ljnj
ljnjeh
eha,
a, lug`b
lug`bhg
hg,, ljgy
ljgyjg`
jg`dt
dt,, ej
ejrb
rbur
urdg`
dg`,, kd
kdg
g
sjed`dhgyd.
sjed`dhgyd. - Kjguljrdnh
Kjguljrdnhd,
d, lhsdn?
lhsdn? ljgug``dn,
ljgug``dn, ljgkud, ljgyjnurua.
ljgyjnurua. - Kj-hgtjro
Kj-hgtjrojbsh,
jbsh, lhsdn?
dkuadh, dsch, shp, wda, ydauk.

i. Dojbthvd Ldojlub

4) Yuecrkhgdthf? bjpdnd khg`hg, ounhg` edadsd, eutd auruf, bjrds bjpdnd, thphs ehehr, sjlpht adth,
 pdtda nhkda, pdgodg` dbdn, ijpdt nhkda, ejsdr lunut, eusub tdg`dg, nupd kdrdtdg, knn.

5) Bccrkhgdthf? njlda `jlundh, rhdg` `jlehrd, subd kubd, njlda njleut, tud lukd, sjgdshe
sjpj
sjpjro
roud
udg`
g`dg
dg,, njth
njtha
a nj
njsu
su,, `d
`d`d
`da
a pj
pjrb
rbds
dsd,
d, dldg
dldg sj
sjgt
gtcs
csd,
d, ej
ejsd
sdrr bj
bjih
ihn,
n, ed
edhb
hb eu
euru
rub,
b, kn
knn.
n.

Yuebdtj`crhsdsh dojbthvd, khed`h bj kdndl kud ldidl bdtj`crh dojbthvd sjed`dh ejrhbut.

4) Dojbth
Dojbthvd
vd prjkhb
prjkhbdth
dthf,
f, ydhtu
ydhtu dojbth
dojbthvd
vd ydg` kdpdt
kdpdt ljgjlp
ljgjlpdth
dth pcshsh
pcshsh prjkhb
prjkhbdt
dt kdndl
kdndl bndusd
bndusd,,
lhsdngyd susda, adg`dt, sunht, ldadn

5) dojbthvd dtrheuthf, ydhtu dojbthvd ydg` ljgkdlphg`h gclhgd kdndl frdsj gclhgdn, lhsdngyd
gdshcgdn, ghsbdnd

9) dojbthvd ejrtdrdf, ydbgh ydg` kdpdt ejrkdlphg`dg kjg`dg d`db, sdg`dt, kdg sjed`dhgyd sjpjrth
 pjbdt, ldblur
 

;) dojb
dojbth
thvd
vd tdb
tdb ejrtd
ejrtdrd
rdf,
f, ydbgh
ydbgh yd
ydg`
g` thkd
thkdb
b kd
kdpd
pdtt ejrkd
ejrkdlp
lphg
hg`d
`dg
g kj
kjg`d
g`dg
g d`
d`db,
db, sd
sdg`d
g`dt,
t, kdg
sjed`d
sjed`dhgy
hgyd,
d, sjpjrt
sjpjrthh gdshcg
gdshcgdn,
dn, hgtjrg
hgtjrg.. ]jldbd
]jldbdhdg
hdg Dojbth
Dojbthvd
vd dojbth
dojbthvd
vd kdpdt
kdpdt ljg`dl
ljg`dlehn
ehn ejgtub 
ejgtub 
 pjredgkhg`dg, kdg pjredgkhg`dg htu kdpdt khed`h dtds jlpdt thg`bdt.

4) [hg`bdt
[hg`bdt pcshth
pcshthf,
f, ydhtu
ydhtu ydg` ljgjrd
ljgjrdg`bd
g`bdg
g edawd
edawd gclhgd
gclhgd kdndl
kdndl bjdkddg
bjdkddg ehdsd.
ehdsd. Icgtca?
Icgtca?

Bdldrbu sjlpht.

5) [hg`bdt bclpdrdthf ydg` ljgjrdg`bdg edawd bjdkddg gclhgd ljnjehah bjdkddg gclhgd ndhg.
Icgtca? Bdldrbu njeha sjlpht kdrh pdkd bdldr dkhbbu.

9) [hg`bdt supjrndthf, ydg` ljgjrdg`bdg edawd bjdkddg gclhgd ljnjehah bjdkddg ejejrdpd dtdu
sjlud gclhgd ndhg ydg` khedgkhg`bdggyd. Icgtca? Yahgtd lurhk ydg` pdnhg` idgthb kh bjnds.
Kdpdt pund khgydtdbdg kjg`dg prjfhbs ’tjr, ljgodkh? Yahgtd lurhk tjridgthb kh bjnds.

;) [hg`bdt
[hg`bdt jbsjsh
jbsjshf,
f, ydg`
ydg` ljgjrd
ljgjrdg`bd
g`bdg
g edawd
edawd bjdkdd
bjdkddg
g gclhgd
gclhgd ejrnje
ejrnjehan
hanjeh
jehadg
adg.. Icg
Icgtca
tca??
]jrtug
]jrtugoub
oubdg
dg pd`h
pd`h htu dldt
dldt sdg`dt
sdg`dt rdldh.
rdldh. Yjndhg
Yjndhg htu,
htu, kdpdt
kdpdt pund
pund ljg``ug
ljg``ugdbd
dbdg
g kjg`dg
kjg`dg bdtd
bdtd
dndg`bda, eubdg ldhg, kdg ldad. 9. Gclhgd Gclhgd dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` sjidrd shgtdbshs thkdb 
ljlpugy
ljlpugydh
dh pctjgs
pctjgshh ugtub
ugtub ejr`de
ejr`deug`
ug` kjg`dg
kjg`dg pdrthb
pdrthbjn
jn thkdb
thkdb kdg ljlpug
ljlpugydh
ydh pctjgs
pctjgshh ugtub 
ugtub 
khkdaunuh cnja pdrthbjn kdrh. Gclhgd ejrejgtub?

 d. Gclhgd kdsdr, sjpjrth rdkhc, ukdrd, bjrtds, edrdt, bjldrhg, knn.

 e. Gclhgd turugdg, tjred`h dtds?

 4) Gclhgd ejrdfhbs, sjpjrth bjudg`dg, pjrpdkudg, `jrh`h.

5) Gclhgd rjkupnhbdsh, sjpjrth `jkug`-`jkug`, tjtdlu, pjpdtda.

9) Gclhgd adshn `deug`dg prcsjs, sjpjrth edtu-edtudg, bjshgdleug`dg.

;) Gclhgd ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh pjned`dh bjnds bdrjgd prcsjs? - kjvjrednhsdsh, sjpjrth pjg`dg``urdg,
 pjldgkhdg, pjg`jledg`dg, bjejrsdlddg - kjdojbthvdnhsdsh, sjpjrth bjthg``hdg, njnuaur -
kjguljrdnhsdsh, sjpjrth bjpjned`dhdg, bjsdtudg - kjdkvjrehdnhsdsh, sjpjrth bjtjrndnudg, bjnjehadg -
 pjg``deug`dg, sjpjrth odtuagyd, trhkdrld.

i. Gclhgd pdkudg njbsjl, sjpjrth kdyd oudg`, ijtdb njpds, ncgidt hgkda, tjrthe didrd, ojodb 
ndg`b
ndg`bda
da.. k. Gclhg
Gclhgdd pd
pdku
kudg
dg nj
njbs
bsjl
jl `d
`deug
eug`d
`dg,
g, sj
sjpjr
pjrth
th pjgkd
pjgkdyd
yd`ug
`ugdd
ddg,
g, bj
bjtd
tdtd
tded
edads
adsddg
ddg,,
 

 pjg`dlehndnhadg, bjodbsdddg thg``h. Yuebdtj`crhsdsh tjradkdp gclhgd kdpdt khndbubdg kjg`dg

ljlejkdbdg?

  4. Gclhgd
Gclhgd Ejrgydw
Ejrgydwdd kdg Gclhgd
Gclhgd [db Ejrgydw
Ejrgydwdd Gclhgd
Gclhgd ejrgyd
ejrgydwd
wd kdpdt
kdpdt khsuet
khsuethtu
htushb
shbdg
dg
kjg`dg hd dtdu ljrjbd, sjkdg`bdg ydg` tdb ejrgydwd thkdb.

d. Gclhgd Ejrgydwd kdpdt khed`h dtds?

4) Gclhgd pjrscgd (hgsdg), ljlhnhbh ihrh-ihrh

d) kdpdt khsuethtushbdg kjg`dg hd, khd, dtdu ljrjbd,

 e) kdpdt khkdaunuh pdrthbjn sh. Xdg` tjr`cncg` kdndl gclhgd pjrscgd hdnda?

d) Gdld khrh, sjpjrth Ljhndg, Eydg, Dkht. Gdld khrh sjed`dh gdld thkdb kdpdt khrjkupnhbdshbdg.
Ehnd khrjkupnhbdshbdg hd ljgodkh gclhgd bcnjbthf.

 e) Gclhgd bjbjrdedtdg, sjpjrth bdbjb, gjgjb, bdbdb, dkhb, edpdb, heu, dgdb.
i) Gclhgd ydg` ljgydtdbdg crdg` dtdu ydg` khpjrndbubdg
khpjrndbubdg sjpjrth
sjpjrth crdg`, sjpjrth
sjpjrth tudg, gycgyd,
gcgd, rdbsdsd, adgtu, ldndhbdt.

k) Gdld bjnclpcb ldgushd, sjpjrth Ojpdg`, Ldndyshd, Lhgdg` bdedu.

j) Gclhgd tdb ejrgydwd ydg` khpjrscghfhbdshbdg sjpjrth L]U (gdld njled`d.)

5) Fncrd kdg fdugd ljlpugydh ihrh shgtdbshs d) thkdb kdpdt khsuethtushbdg kjg`dg hd, khd, ljrjbd,
 e) thkdb kdpdt khkdaunuh pdrthbjn sh, bjiudnhh fncrd kdg fdugd sjpjrth ydg` pjrscghfhbdshbdg kjg`dg

sh bdgihn, sh bdlehg`. e. Gclhgd [db Ejrgydwd kdpdt khed`h?

4) Gdld njled`d, sjpjrth K]U, L]U, K]UK, ZZK.

5) Bcgsjp `jc`rdfhs, sjpjrth Ednh, ]urednhg``d, utdrd, sjndtdg ahnhr, aunu.

 9) Pdbtu, sjpjrth Yjghg, Udeu, Ljh, ejscb, nusd, 4811.

;) Gdld edadsd, sjpjrth edadsd Hgkcgjshd, edadsd Yugkd, edadsd Edgyulds.

:) Zburdg kdg tdbdrdg, sjpjrth bdrug`, `ugh, phbun, `rdl, cgs, bhncljtjr

6) [hrudg eugyh, sjpjrth dul, kjg`ug`, bcbcb.

 

i. Gclhgd [jrehndg` kdg Gclhgd [db [jrehndg` Gclhgd tjrehndg` hdnda gclhgd ydg` kdpdt
khahtug` kdg kdpdt khkdlphg`h cnja guljrdnhd, sjpjrth eubu, sjpjkd, bursh, ljod. Gclhdg tdb 
tjrehndg` hdnda gclhgd ydg` thkdb kdpdt khkdlphg`h cnja guljrdnhd sjpjrth bjejrshadg, bjsuihdg2
tjrldsub pund gdld khrh kdg gdld `jc`rdfhs.

k. Gclhgd Bcnjbthf kdg Eubdg Bcnjbthf Gclhgd bcnjbthf ljlpugydh ihrh kdpdt khsuethtushbdg
kjg`dg ljrjbd. Gclhgd bcnjbthf tjrkhrh dtds gclhgd kdsdr sjpjrth tjgtdrd, bjnudr`d2 kdg gclhgd
turugdg
turugdg sjpjrth
sjpjrth tjpug`-tjpu
tjpug`-tjpug`dg,
g`dg, lhguldg,
lhguldg, wdg`hwdg`hd
wdg`hwdg`hdg.
g. Icgtca gclhgd bcnjbthf?
bcnjbthf? dshgdg
idhrdg adkhrhg ndub-pdub euda-eudadg duedkj idtdtdg odldda ldsydrdbdt kujt edtdnycg kdsdr 
bdwdgdg rdtusdg trhtug``dn ]jg``ugddg gclhgd kh sdlphg` ugtub ljgugoub ejgkd ou`d khpdbdh
sjed`dh ejrhbut.

4. Yjed`dh pjg``cncg` ejgkd, ydg` khpdbdh ejrsdld guljrdnhd ugtub ljgdgkdh bjbaususdg
gclhgd tjrtjgtu. Icgtca? edau, idrhb, bjidp, puiub.

5. Gclhgd tjlpdt kdg drda, sjpjrth bdgdg, bhrh, edrdt, sjndtdg.

9. [hrudg eugyh, sjpjrth dul, kjrdl, kjru, brdg` brhg`.

;. Ldbhdg, sjpjrth lcgyjt, dgohg`, edg`sdt.

 :. Ydpddg, khed`h dtds jgdl?

 d) gdld khrh, sjpjrth Ldrh bj shgh, Ljy.

 e) gclhgd bjbjrdedtdg? Bdb, bcb edru pundg`3

i) `jndr kdg pdg`bdt? Yjndldt pd`h, ]rcf.

 k) bdtd pjndbu ydg` ejrejgtub pj + vjre? ]jgkjg`dr ydg` tjracrldt.

j) ejgtub gclhgd + -bu? ca [uadgbu, dlpugh kcsd-kcsd adled.

 f) gclhgd ndhg? Hgh odbjt [udg. 6. Budgthtd, sjpjrth Ehkdg` , ijbdb , `jnds, adstd ,ndg`bda phbun,
 ecg`bda, kjpd, `cgh, hbdt, cg``cb pugtug` Idgthg`, kundg`, `uih, bjpdn,pdpdg, tusub

0. Zburdg, sjpjrth `rdl, bhnc, cgs, sjgthljtjr, bhnc`rdl, hgih.

1. ]jtugoub wdbtu, sjpjrth bjldrhg, nusd, ejscb, pjtdg`, ldndl, zdldg.

 

8. Ahpcstdths, ydhtu bdtd ejrbjnds dpd sdod ydg` „khdg`bdt“ kdrh wdidgd kdg khehidrdbdg kdndl
ljtdedadsd, lhsdngyd bdtd ejrdt kdndl bdnhldt „ejrdt tjrkhrh kdrh nhld fcgjl, kdg ldbgdgyd
 ejrndwdgdg kjg`dg rhg`dg“. ]rcsjs gclhgdnhsdsh hdnda prcsjs pjlejgtubdg gclhgd
g clhgd ydg` ejrdsdn
kdrh lcrfjl dtdu bjnds bdtd ydg` ndhg. ]rcsjs hgh kdpdt tjrodkh kjg`dg?

4. Dfhbsdsh Ejrkdsdrbdg pdkd bjlug`bhgdg bclehgdshgyd, gclhgd turugdg kdpdt khed`h dtds
 ejgtub ydg` ejdfhbs kjg`dg?

d. bj-, pj-, kdg pjr-, icgtca? pjlehidrd, pjndut, bjdldgdg, pjrtdpd

 e. dg-, icgtca? sdyurdg, ldghsdg

i. bj-dg, pj-dg, kdg pjr-dg, icgtca? pjljrhbsddg, pjg`adr`ddg, pjrtdgyddg

 5. ]rcsjs gclhgdnhsdsh kjg`dg sh kdg sdg`, icgtca? sh ldghs, sh bjihn, sdg` kjwh.

9. ]rcsjs gclhgdnhsdsh kjg`dg ydg`, kjg`dg ljgdledabdg ydg` kh kjpdg kdsdr bhtd khpjrcnja
 ejgtub gclhgd sjpjrth? ydg` ndrh, ydg` idgthb.

;. ]rcgclhgd ]rcgclhgd dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` ejrfug`sh ugtub ljg``dgthbdg gclhgd, ydg`
kh`dgthbdg htu khsjeut dgtjsjkjg. Yuebdtj`crhsdsh, prcgclhgdn

4. Khnhadt kdrh aueug`dggyd kjg`dg gclhgd, ydhtu dkd dtdu thkdbgyd dgtjsjkjg kdndl wdidgd.
Ejrkdsdrbdg adn htu, khed`h nd`h ljgodkh?

d. ]rcgclhgd Hgtjrtjbstudn Ehnd dgtjsjkjg tjrkdpdt sjejnul prcgclhgd, htu khbdtdbdg dgdfcrhs,
sjkdg`bdg ehnd dgtjsjkjg lugiun sjsukda prcgclhgd, adn htu khsjeut bdtdfcrhs. Icgtca dgdfcrhs?

]db Drhf sjpupu Edpdb. Uuldagyd kjbdt. Ejrshfdt bdtdfcrhs? Kjg`dg `dydgyd ydg` ejrdph-dph
htu,
htu, Ycjbd
Ycjbdrg
rgc
c ejrad
ejradsh
shnn ljgdr
ljgdrhb
hb ldss
ldssdd (G
(Gyd
yd yd
ydg`
g` ej
ejrs
rshf
hfdt
dt bd
bdtd
tdfc
fcrh
rhss hg
hghh adgyd
adgyd ejrsh
ejrshfd
fdtt
hgtrdbdnhldt).

 e. ]rcgclhgd jbstrdtjbstudn, ydg` ljg``dgthbdg gclhgd ydg` tjrkdpdt kh nudr wdidgd, ejrshfdt
kjhbths. Icgtca? Htu ydg` bubdtdbdg.

 5. Khnhadt kdrh ojnds dtdu thkdbgyd rjfjrjggyd

  d. ]rcgclhgd
]rcgclhgd [dbtrhf ]rcgclhgd tdbtrhf ydhtu ljg``dgthbdg
ljg``dgthbdg gclhgd
gclhgd ydg` rjfjrjggyd
rjfjrjggyd ojnds.
ojnds.

]rcgclhgd hgh tjredtds pdkd prcgclhgd pjrscgd.

 

4) ]rcgclhgd pjrscgd H? sdyd, dbu, bdlh, bhtd

5) ]rcgclhgd HH? bdlu, bdnhdg

9) ]rcgclhgd HHH? khd, ljrjbd

 ;) ]rcgclhgd tdb tdbrhf, ydhtu prcgclhgd ydg` thkdb ljgugoub pdkd crdg` dtdu ejgkd tjrtjgtu.
Icgtca? sjsjcrdg`, edrdg` shdpd.

 e. ]jldbdhdg ]rcgclhgd

 4) Kdndl rd`dl gcgstdgkdr oulnda prcgclhgd njeha edgydb kdrhpdkd ydg` tjrkdftdr tjrsjeut,
bdrjgd pjldbdhdg gcgstdgkdr tjr`dgtug` kdrh kdjrda pjldbdhdggyd.

5) Kdndl edadsd bugc ou`d tjrkdpdt prcgclhgd, sjpjrth ed`hgkd.

9) Yjlud prcgclhgd tjrsjeut adgyd kdpdt ljg``dgth gclhgd crdg`, gdld crdg`, dtdu adn ndhg

ydg` khpjrscghfhbdshbdg. Dnhsodaedgd ljgunhs ejejrdpd eubu. Ljrjbd tjedn-tjedn.

 :. Guljrdnhd Guljrdnhd dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` kdpdt

 4) ljgkdlphg` gclhgd kdndl bcgstrubsh shgtdbshs,

5) ljlpugydh pctjgsh ugtub ljgkdlphg`h guljrdnhd ndhg, 9) thkdb kdpdt ejr`deug` kjg`dg
thkdb dtdu sdg`dt. Yuebdtj`crhsdsh?

d. Guljrd
Guljrdnhd
nhd [dbrhf
[dbrhf Guljrd
Guljrdnh
nhdd tdbrh
tdbrhff ydhtu
ydhtu gul
guljrd
jrdnh
nhdd ydg` ljgydt
ljgydtdbdg
dbdg oulnda
oulnda ydg` tjgtu.
tjgtu.
@cncg`dg hgh tjred`h dtds?

4) Guljrdnhd utdld (bdrkhgdn)

 5) Ehndg`dg pjgua, ydhtu guljrdnhd utdld ydg` ljgydtdbdg oulnda tjrtjgtu. Kdpdt ejrkhrh tdgpd
 edgtudg bdtd ndhg. Icgtca? sdtu, th`d. Guljrdnhd utdld kdpdt khaueug`bdg ndg`sug` kjg`dg
sdtudg wdbtu, adr`d udg`, uburdg, pdgodg`, kdg sjed`dhgyd.

9) Ehndg`dg pjidadg, ydhtu guljrdnhd ydg` tjrkhrh dtds pjlehndg` kdg pjgyjeut ydg` kheueuah
kjg`dg pdrthbjn pjr- lhsdngyd? kud pjrth`d, nhld pjrjgdl.

 ;) Ehndg`dg `u`us, sjpjrth nhbur? ehndg`dg dgtdrd 5= kdg 9=, lhsdngyd sjnhbur? 54, kud nhbur? 59.
 

 e. Guljrdnhd [hg`bdt Dkdnda guljrdnhd tdbrhf ydg` ljndledg`bdg urutdg kdndl oulnda kdg
 ejrstrubtur bj + Gul. Icgtca? Idtdtdg bjth`d sukda khpjredhbh.

i. Guljrdnhd Bcnjbthf Dkdnda guljrdnhd tdbrhf ydg` ejrstrubtur bj + Gul, ejr- + G, ejr- + GU,
 ejr- + Gul U dtdu Gul + -dg. Icgtca? Uheudg bdul eurua ljndbubdg kjlcgstrdsh.

  k. Guljrdnhd [db [dbrhf

[dbrhf Guljrdnhd
Guljrdnhd tdb tdbrhf
tdbrhf dkdnda guljrdnhd
guljrdnhd ydg` ljgydtdbdg
ljgydtdbdg oulnd
oulnda
a ydg`
tdb tjgtu. Lhsdngyd ejrdpd, sjbdnhdg, sjlud, sj`jgdp.

  6. Dkvjre
Dkvjrehd
hd Dkvjre
Dkvjrehd
hd dkdnda
dkdnda bdtj`cr
bdtj`crhh ydg`
ydg` kdpdt
kdpdt ljgkdl
ljgkdlphg
phg`h
`h dojbth
dojbthvd,
vd, guljrd
guljrdnh
nhd,
d, dtdu
dtdu
 prcpcshsh kdndl bcgstrubsh shgtdbshs. Dkvjrehd thkdb ecnja khbdidubdg kjg`dg bjtjrdg`dg,
bdrjgd dkvjrehd ljrupdbdg bcgsjp bdtj`crh, sjkdg`bdg bjtjrdg`dg ljrupdbdg bcgsjp fug`sh.
Ejgtub dkvjrehd?

 d. Dkvjrehd kdsdr ejeds, icgtca? dndg`bda, d`db, dbdg, ejnul, ehsd.

 e. Dkvjrehd turugdg, ydg` tjred`h dtds?

4) Dkvjrehd turugdg ydg` thkdb ejrphgkda bjnds tjrkhrh kdrh? - Dkvjrehd ejrjkupnhbdsh, sjpjrth
 odg`dg-odg`dg, nd`h-nd`h - Dkvjrehd `deug`dg, lhsdngyd thkdb ecnja thkdb 

 5) Dkvjrehd turugdg ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh pjned`dh bjnds?

i. Dkvjrehd ejrdfhbs, lhsdngyd tjrndlpdu, sjbdnh

 k. Dkvjrehd kdrh bdtj`crh ndhg bdrjgd rjkupnhbdsh, lhsdngyd dbahr-dbahr, sjgkhrh-sjgkhrh

j. Dkvjrehd kj-dojbthvd, lhsdngyd dwds-dwds, ejgdr-ejgdr

f. Dkvjrehd kjguljrdnhd, lhsdngyd kud-kud

`. Dkvjrehd kjvjredn, bhrd-bhrd, tdau-tdau

 a. Dkvjrehd ydg` tjrodkh kdrh `deug`dg bdtj`crh ndhg kdg prcgclhgd, lhsdngyd rdsdgyd, rupdgyd
h. Dkvjrehd kjvjredn `deug`dg, lhsdngyd hg`hg ejgdr, thkdb tjrbdtdbg nd`h

 o. Dkvjrehd kj dojbthvdn `deug`dg, lhsdngyd thkdb njeha, bjrdp bdnh.

  b. @deug`d prcsjs,
prcsjs, lhsdngyd
lhsdngyd ? sj- +D +-gyd? sjedhbgyd
sjedhbgyd Yuebdtj`crhsdsh
Yuebdtj`crhsdsh dkvjrehdn
dkvjrehdn khed`h kud,

ydhtu?
 

d. Dkvjrehd
Dkvjrehd hgtrdbndus
hgtrdbndusdn
dn ydg` ejrbcgtrubsh
ejrbcgtrubsh kjg`dg vjred, dojbthvd,
dojbthvd, guljrdnhd,
guljrdnhd, dtdu dkvjred
dkvjred
ndhggyd, icgtca? ldsha, sukda, sug``ua,

 e. dkvjrehd jbstrdbndusdn, sjidrd shgtdbshs ljlpugydh bjlug`bhgdg ugtub ejrphgkda-phgkda

 pcshsh kdg sjidrd sjldgths ljg`ug`bdpbdg prhadn dtdu thg`bdt prcpcshsh sjidrd bjsjnuruadg,

icgtca? eubdg, oustru, lug`bhg. ]jldbdhdg

icgtca? ]jldbdhdg Dkvjrehd
Dkvjrehd kdndl edadsd Hgkcgjshd
Hgkcgjshd kh`ugdbdg
kh`ugdbdg ugtub 
ljgjrdg`bdg?

d. Dspjb,
Dspjb, ydhtu
ydhtu dpdbda
dpdbda sudtu
sudtu pjbjro
pjbjroddg,
ddg, pjrhs
pjrhsthw
thwd,
d, bjdk
bjdkddg
ddg,, dtdu
dtdu shf
shfdt
dt kdpdt
kdpdt ejrndg
ejrndg`su
`sug`
g`
(kurdthf), sukda sjnjsdh ejrndg`sug` (pjrfjbthf), ejnul sjnjsdh (hlpjrfjb), dtdu lundh ejrndg`sug`
(hgb
(hgbcd
cdth
thf)
f).. e. Lckd
Lckdnh
nhtd
tds,
s, ljgj
ljgjrd
rdg`
g`bdg
bdg sh
shbd
bdp
p dt
dtdu
du su
suds
dsdg
dgdd pjleh
pjlehid
idrd
rd ydg`
ydg` ljgy
ljgydg
dg`bu
`butt
 pjlehidrddg, pjrhsthwd, bjdkddg, dtdu shfdt.

 i. Budgthtds, ydhtu ljgjrdg`bdg frjbujgsh dtdu oulnda tjrodkhgyd sudtu pjrhsthwd, bjdkddg, kdg
shfdt. k. Budnhtds, ljgjrdg`bdg shfdt dtdu ghndh sudtu pjreudtdg, pjrhsthwd, bjdkddg, dtdu shfdt.

0. Hgtj
Hgtjrc
rc`d
`dth
thvd
vd Hgtj
Hgtjrc
rc`d
`dth
thvd
vd dk
dkdn
dnda
da bd
bdtj
tj`cr
`crhh kdndl
kdndl bdnhl
bdnhldt
dt hg
hgtj
tjrc
rc`dt
`dthf
hf yd
ydg`
g` ej
ejrf
rfug
ug`s
`shh
ljg``dgthbdg sjsudtu ydg` hg`hg khbjtdauh cnja pjlehidrd dtdu ljg`ubuabdg dpd ydg` tjnda
khbjtdauh pjlehidrd. Dpd ydg` hg`hg khbjtdauh kdg dpd ydg` khbubuabdg htu khsjeut dgtjsjgkjg
(dkd kh nudr wdidgd) kdg bdrjgd edru dbdg khbjtdauh bjlukhdg, hgtjrc`dthvd ejrshfdt bdtdfcrhs.

d. Hgtjrc`dthvd kdsdr? dpd, ehnd, eubdg, bdpdg, ldgd, ldsd.

 e. Hgtjrc`dthvd turugdg? dpdehnd, dpddg, dpd-dpddg, ed`dhldgd, ed`dhldgdbda, ejrdpd, ejtdpd,
 ehndldgd, ehndbda, eubdgbda, kjg`dg dpd, kh ldgd, bj ldgd, ldgdbda, bjgdpd, ljg`dpd,

g`dpdhg, shdpd, ydg` ldgd, ldsdbdg.

 i. Hgtjrc`dthvd tjrhbdt? bda kdg tda. Ojghs kdg ]jldbdhggyd

4. dpd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub? d. ljgdgydbdg gclhgd eubdg ldgushd, lhsdn? Dpd ydg` ljgyjedebdg
bdu thkdb ljgjrhldbu3 Dpd ydg` kdpdt bundbubdg ugtublu3

 e. ljgdgydbdg prcpcshsh ydg` odwdedggyd lug`bhg ejrndwdgdg, lhsdn? Dpd jldhnbu sukda bdu
 edid3 (Odwdedg ehsd sukda dtdu ejnul).

 i. ljg`ubuabdg dpd ydg` tjnda khbjtdauh pjlehidrd, lhsdn? Dpd ejgdr sjpjrth htu3

k. kdndl bdnhldt rjtcrhs, lhsdn? Dpd pdgtds sjcrdg` dgdb pjodedt ljgiurh3
 

5. ehnd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgdgydbdg wdbtu, lhsdn? Ehnd bjbdshabu kdtdg`3

 9. bda, kh`ugdbdg ugtub?

d. ljg`ubuabdg ed`hdg bdnhldt ydg` khhbuth cnja bda, lhsdn? Lug`bhgbda bdu odkh lhnhbbu3

 e. ljgdgydbdg phnhadg kh dgtdrd ed`hdg-ed`hdg bdnhldt ydg` khkdaunuh cnja bda, lhsdn? Ejrndrh
dtdu ejrjgdg`bda tjldglu htu3

i. kdndl rd`dl stdgkdr ydg` sdg`dt rjslh kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljnjg`bdph hgtjrc`dthvd dpd, ldgd,
 ed`dhldgd, ejejrdpd, kh ldgd, ljg`dpd, shdpd, lhsdn? Yhdpdbda ydg` dbdg ljgodkh tjldg
ahkupbu3

;. bdpdg, kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgdgydbdg wdbtu, lhsdn? Bdpdg bdu dbdg ljghbdahbu3

:. ldgd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub 

 d. ljgdgydbdg sdnda sjcrdg` dtdu sdnda sdtu ejgkd dtdu adn kdrh sudtu bjnclpcb dtdu bulpundg,
lhsdn? Pdghtd ldgd ydg` dbdg bdu phnha3

 e. Ljgdgydbdg phnhadg, lhsdn? Khd dtdu khrhbu3

 6. tda, kh`ugdbdg kdndl edadsd drbdhs ugtub ejrtdgyd bjpdkd khrh sjgkhrh, lhsdn? Dpdnda kdydbu
kjg`dg bjthkdbsjlpurgddgbu3

0. dpdehnd, kh`ugdbdg kdndl edadsd ydg` d`db drbdhs

drbdhs ugtub ljgdgydbdg
ljgdgydbdg wdbtu, lhsdn? Dpdehnd
khd ljndldrbu3

1. dpdbdnd, kh`ugdbdg kdndl edadsd ydg` drbdhs ugtub wdbtu, sdld kjg`dg dpdehnd.
  8. dpddg,
dpddg, kh`ugd
kh`ugdbdg
bdg kdndl
kdndl rd`dl
rd`dl gcg-std
gcg-stdgkdr
gkdr sjpjrt
sjpjrthh adngyd
adngyd kjg`dg
kjg`dg dpd2 bdkdg`-
bdkdg`-bdk
bdkdg`
dg`
kjg`dg gdkd ydg` ljrjljabdg, lhsdn? Ldbdgdg dpddg htu3

  4=. dpd-dp
dpd-dpddg,
ddg, kh`ugdb
kh`ugdbdg
dg kdndl
kdndl rd`dl
rd`dl gcg-std
gcg-stdgkd
gkdrr ugtub
ugtub ljgdgy
ljgdgydbdg
dbdg thgkdb
thgkdbdg,
dg, tdgpd
tdgpd
ljg`adrdp odwdedg, lhsdn? Dpd-dpddg bdu hgh3

44. ed`dhldgd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub?

 d. ljgdgydbdg idrd pjreudtdg, lhsdn? Ed`dhldgd idrdgyd bdu ljydbhgbdgbu3

 e. ljgdgydbdg dbhedt sudtu thgkdbdg, lhsdn? Ed`dhldgd bdndu khd thkdb kdtdg`3
 

 i. ljlhgtd bjsjlpdtdg kdrh ndwdg ehidrd (khhbuth bdtd bdndu, lhsdn? Ed`dhldgd bdndu eundg
ldku bhtd bj Ednh3

k. ljgdgydbdg budnhfhbdsh dtdu jvdnudsh dtds sudtu `d`dsdg, lhsdn? Ed`dhldgd ljgurutlu3

  45. ejrdpd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgdgydbdg ehndg`dg ydg` ljwdbhnh oulnda, uburdg, tdbdrdg,
ghndh,, adr`d, sdtudg,
ghndh sdtudg, wdbtu,
wdbtu, lhsdn?
lhsdn? Ejrdpd adr`d ejrds pjr bhnc3 Ejrdpd crdg` ydg` adkhr kdndl
didrd hgh3 Ejrdpd pdgodg` ojledtdg ydg` edru kh edg`ug htu3

49. ejtdpd
ejtdpd,, kh`ugdb
kh`ugdbdg
dg kdndl
kdndl edadsd
edadsd ydg`
ydg` drbdhs
drbdhs,, sjpjrt
sjpjrthh adngyd
adngyd ed`dhld
ed`dhldgd,
gd, lhs
lhsdn?
dn? Ejtdpd
Ejtdpd
 ehidrdlu3

4;. ehndld
ehndldgd,
gd, kh`ugdb
kh`ugdbdg
dg kdndl
kdndl rd`dl
rd`dl sdstrd
sdstrd ugtub
ugtub ljg
ljgdgy
dgydbd
dbdg
g wdbtu,
wdbtu, lhsdn?
lhsdn? Ehndld
Ehndldgd
gd
Hgkcgjshd ljrkjbd3

4:. eubdg, kh`ugdbdg sjsukda sudtu pjrgydtddg ugtub ljg`ubuabdg prcpcshsh kdndl pjrgytddg

htu, lhsdn? Jg`bdu odkh pjr`h, eubdg3

46. eubdgbda, kh`ugdbdg kdndl dwdn bdnhldt ugtub ljg`ubuabdg prcpcshsh, lhsdn? Eubdgbda
jg`bdu sjcrdg` kcsjg3

40. kh ldgd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgjrdg`bdg tjlpdt, lhsdn? Kh ldgd rulda edrulu3

 41. bjgdpd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub?

d. kdndl rd`dl gcg-stdgkdr ugtub ljgdgydbdg sjede dtdu dndsdg (sdld kjg`dg ljg`dpd),
lhsdn? Bjgdpd hd rjnd ljndbubdg htu pdkdbu3

 e. kdndl rd`dl gcg-stdgkdr ugtub ljgdgydbdg bjdkddg, lhsdn? Bjgdpd rdleutlu3

 48. ljg`dpd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgdgydbdg sjede, dndsdg, dtdu pjreudtdg, lhsdn? Ljg`dpd adrh
hgh bdlu tjrnhadt dgja3

5=. g`dpdhg, kh`ugdbdg kdndl edadsd gcg-stdgkdr

gcg-stdgkdr ugtub ljgdgydbdg
ljgdgydbdg sjede dtdu dndsdg,
dndsdg, lhsdn?
lhsdn?
 G`dpdhg bdlu kh shgh3

 54. shdpd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub?

d. ljgdgydbdg gclhgd, hgsdgj, lhsdn? Yhdpd kcsjg ejredou ug`u htu3

 

 e. ljgdgydbdg gdld crdg`, lhsdn? Yhdpd gdld dyda kdg heulu3

  55. ydg` ldgd, kh`ugdbdg

kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgdgydbdg
ljgdgydbdg phnhadg, lhsdn? Xdg` ldgd ajgkdb jg`bdu phnha3
59. ldsdbdg/ldsd, kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgydtdbdg bjthkdbpjriyddg kdg shfdtgyd rjtcrhs, lhsdn?
Bdtdgyd khd sukda pjr`h. Ldsd3 *Bdtd dpd kdndl bdnhldt thkdb tdau dbu dpd ydg` ljrjbd idrh

 eubdg ljrupdbdg hgtjrc`dthvd, tjtdph prcgclhgdn. *Bda thkdb khpdbdh ugtub ljnjg`bdph bdtd
tdgyd ydg` khpdbdh kdndl rd`dl gcg-stdgkdr.

1. Kjlcgstrdthvd Kjlcgstrdthvd dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` ejrfug`sh ugtub ljgugoubbdg sjsudtu

(dgtjsjgkjg) kh kdndl ldupug kh nudr wdidgd. Kdrh sukut ejgtub kdpdt khejkdbdg ejrhbut hgh.

 d. Kjlcgstrdthvd kdsdr (htu kdg hgh)

 e. Kjlcgstrdthvd turugdg (ejrhbut, sjbhdg)

i. Kjlcgstrdthvd `deug`dg (kh shgh, kh shtu, kh sdgd, hgh htu, sdgd shgh) Ejrkdsdrbdg dkd thkdbgyd

dgtjsjgkjg kdndl wdidgd kjlcgstrdthvd khed`h?

d. Kjlcgstrdthvd Hgtrdtjbstudn (Jgkcfcrhs) Kjlcgstrdthvd hgh ljgugoubbdg sjsudtu ydg` tjrkdpdt

kdndl kdndl wdidgd kdg ejrshfdt jbstrdbdnhldt. Kjlcgstrdthvd jbstrdbdnhldt ejrshfdt dgdfcrhs
(htu,, ej`htu,
(htu ej`htu, kjlhbhdg,
kjlhbhdg, sjbhdg,
sjbhdg, sjej`htu,
sjej`htu, sjkjlhbhdg
sjkjlhbhdg)) kdg bdtdfcrhs
bdtdfcrhs (ej`hgh, ejrhbut, sjed`dh
sjed`dh
 ejrhbut).

 e. Kjlcgstrdthvd Jbstrdtjbstudn (Jbscfcrhs dtdu kjhbths) Kjlcgstrdthvd

Kj lcgstrdthvd hgh ljguoubbdg sjsudtu
ydg` dkd kh nudr edadsd, kdg kdpdt khed`h dtds odua kjbdtgyd dgtjsjgkjg kdrh pjlehidrd, ydhtu? -
 prcbshldn (kjbdt) shgh - sjlh-prcbshldn (d`db kjbdt) shtu - khstdn (odua) sdgd *Ohbd
kjlcgstrdthvd-kjlcgstrdthvd kh dtds kh`deug`bdg kjg`dg prjpcshsh, ldbd dbdg tjrodkh `deug`dg
bjkud bjnds htu kjg`dg bndshfhbdsh? ‑khdl‘ ‑ejr`jrdb‘ prcbshldn kh shgh bj shgh kdrh shgh sjlh-
 prcbshldn kh shtu bj shtu kdrh shtu khstdn
k hstdn kh
k h sdgd bj sdgd kdrh sdgd *@deug`dg bj shgh ejrldbgd
sdld kjg`dg bj ldrh (`deug`dg prjpcshsh kdg hgtjrojbsh). Kjlcgstrdthvd sjpjrth adngyd kjg`dg
gclhgd,
gclhgd, prcgclhgdn,
prcgclhgdn, kdg hgtjrc`dth
hgtjrc`dthvd,
vd, kdpdt ejrkhrh sjgkhrh dtdupug kdpdt ljgodkh lckhfhbdtcr 
lckhfhbdtcr 
dtdu dtrheut kdndl frdsd, lhsdngyd? Hgh ihgihggyd. Ihgihg hgh hlhtdsh.

8. Drthbund Drthbund kdndl edadsd Hgkcgjshd dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` ljgkdlphg`h gclhgd kdsdr 
lhsdngyd
lhsdngyd sh bdgihn,
bdgihn, sdg` ldtdadrh,
ldtdadrh, pdrd pjndodr, gclhgd kjvjredn (sh tjrkdbwd,
tjrkdbwd, sh tjrtukua),
tjrtukua),
 prcgclhgdn (sh khd, sdg` dbu), kdg vjred pdshf (bdul tjrthgkds, sh tjrthgkds). Drthbund ejrupd
 

 pdrthbjn, odkh thkdb ejrdfhbsdsh. Ejrkdsdrbdg ihrh sjldgths `rdldthbdn drthbund khejkdbdg sjed`dh
 ejrhbut.

d. Drthbund ydg` ejrtu`ds ugtub ljg`baususbdg gclhgd shg`undrhs, odkh ejrldbgd spjshfhbdsh.
Drthbund tjrsjeut dkdnda? Yh kdpdt ejr`deug` kjg`dg gclhgd shg`undrhs, edhb gclhgd pjrscgd,

sdtw
sdtwdd ldup
ldupugug ej
ejgk
gkdd do
dojb
jbth
thvd
vd,, prcg
prcgcl
clhg
hgdn
dn,, kd
kdg
g ljgy
ljgydt
dtdb
dbdg
dg jo
jojb
jbdg
dg,, bj
bjdb
dbrd
rded
edg,
g, kd
kdg
g
 pjrscghfhbdsh. sdg` kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljghg``hbdg adrbdt bdtd ydg` khkdlphg`hgyd, ehdsdgyd
 ejr`deug` kjg`dg gclhgd, edhb pjrscgd, sdtwd, ldupug ejgkd ydg` ljgydtdbdgpjrscghfhbdsh
lh
lhsd
sdng
ngyd
yd Ydg`
Ydg` Ydbd,
Ydbd, Yd
Ydg`
g` Ljrd
Ljrda
a ]utha
]utha,, sd
sdg`
g` ou`d
ou`d ljgy
ljgydt
dtdbd
dbdg
g ldbs
ldbsuk
uk ljg`
ljg`jo
jojb
jb dt
dtdu
du
ljg`acrldth, lhsdngyd sdg` sudlh, sdg` `uru, sdg` oudrd, knn. srh khpdbdh ugtub ljg`baususbdg
crdg` ydg` sdg`dt khacrldth, lhsdngyd Yrh Ed`hgkd, Yrh Udtu, Yrh ]dus. adg` & kdg` khpdbdh
ugtub ljgjrdg`bdg gdld prhd kdg wdghtd kdndl sdstrd ndld.

  e. Drthbund ydg` ejrtu`ds ugtub ljg`baususbd

ljg`baususbdg
g sudtu bjnclpcb,
bjnclpcb, ydhtu? pdrd kh`ugdbdg ugtub 

ljg`baususbdg bjnclpcb, lhsdngyd pdrd `uru, pdrd ldadshswd, pdrd heu, pdrd adkhrhg. bdul
kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljg`baususbdg bjnclpcb ydg` ejrhkjcnc`h sdld, lhsdngyd bdul eurua, bdul
tjrcrh
tjrcrhs,
s, bdul
bdul wdghtd
wdghtd,, bdul
bdul kudfd.
kudfd. uldt
uldt kh`ugdb
kh`ugdbdg
dg ugtub
ugtub ljg`ba
ljg`bausu
ususbd
sbdg
g bjnclp
bjnclpcb
cb ydg`
ydg`
 ejrndtdr ejndbdg` d`dld ydg` sdld, lhsdngyd? uldt Hsndl, uldt Brhsthdgh, uldt ldgushd.
*Kdndl bdrdg`dg hghkhejkdbdg dgtdrd gclhgd kjvjredn kjg`dg vjred pdshf. Kdndl ejgtub sh
tjrkdbwd prcsjsgyd ljrupdbdg kjvjrednhsdsh, edru kh`deug` kjg`dg drthbjn sh, sjkdg`bdg kdndl
 ejgtub bdul tjrthgkds pjruedadg bjndsgyd thkdb sjrdpha htu. Xdg` tjrodkh eubdg kjvjrednhsdsh
tjrthgkds, ljndhgbdg pjruedadg bjnds ydg` tjrodkh kdndl `deug`dg sh + tjrthgkds. *@deug`dg
dgtdrd drthbund kjg`dg vjred pdshf ljlejgtub gclhgd. *Bdul kdg uldt ljrupdbdg drthbund
kjgc
kjgclh
lhgd
gdn.
n. Bdul
Bdul Lusn
Lusnhl
hlhg
hg kd
kdg
g uldt
uldt Hs
Hsnd
ndl
l ljru
ljrupd
pdbd
bdg
g fr
frds
dsdd gc
gclh
lhgd
gdnn (`
(`de
deug
ug`d
`dg
g
gclhgd+gclhgd), tdph bjlukhdg bdtd bdul kdg uldt khphsdabdg kdg ejr`deug` kjg`dg bdtd-
bdtd ndhg sjahg``d ljgodkh drthbund.

4=. ]rjpcshsh ]rjpcshsh dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` tjrnjtdb kh kjpdg bdtj`crh ndhg (tjrutdld gclhgd)
sjahg``d tjrejgtub frdsd jbscsjgtrhs khrjbthf. Dkd th`d ojghs prjpcshsh, ydhtu sjed`dh ejrhbut.

d. ]rjpcshsh kdsdr (thkdb kdpdt ljg`dndlh prcsjs lcrfcnc`hs).

 e. ]rjpcshsh turugdg, tjred`h dtds? - @deug`dg

@de ug`dg prjpcshsh kdg prjpcshsh - @deug`dg prjpcshsh kdg

gcg-pr
gcg-prjpc
jpcshs
shsh.
h. Ejgtub
Ejgtub-ej
-ejgtu
gtub
b prjpcs
prjpcshs
hshh ydg`
ydg` adlphr
adlphr sjrupd
sjrupd kjg`dg
kjg`dg `deug`d
`deug`dg
g prjpcs
prjpcshsh
hsh +
 

 prjpcshsh kdpdt ejrpcnd? prjpcshsh + gclhgd ncbdn + dgtdrd dtds ednhb edwda kh ejndbdg` bj +
kdndl + gclhgd dtdu frdsd gclhgd ndhg. kdrh kjbdt kjpdg adkdpdg nudr lubd Icgtca? kh dtds
`j
`jkug
kug`,
`, kh lubd
lubd eulh,
eulh, kh tj
tjg`
g`da-
da-tj
tjg`d
g`da
a bc
bctd
td Dkd
Dkd `deug
`deug`dg
`dg pr
prjp
jpcs
cshs
hshh + pr
prjpc
jpcsh
shsh
sh yd
ydg`
g`
ljlejgtub pcnd frdsd? ]rjpcshsh4 + {} +prjpcshsh5 + {} Icgtca? Hd ejndgod kdrh tcbc bj tcbc.
Yjodb kunu ahg``dsjbdrdg` dbu ldsha ljgug``u. Kdrh Yjldrdg` sdlpdhOdbdrtd hd tjlpua kjlh
crdg`tdugyd. Dgtdrd sdyd kjg`dg khd adgyd sdadedt kjbdt sdod.

9. ]rjpcs
]rjpcshsh
hsh ydg` ejrdsd
ejrdsdnn kdrh
kdrh bdtj`cr
bdtj`crhh ndhg
ndhg (lhsdn
(lhsdngyd
gyd pdkd kdg tdgpd)
tdgpd) tjr
tjrlds
ldsub
ub ejejrd
ejejrdpd
pd
 prjpcshsh ydg` ejrdsdn kdrh bjnds ndhg ydg` ejrdfhbs sj- (sjndhg, sjljgodb, sjpdgodg`, sjsudh, kse).
]rjpcshsh kdndl ]jldbdhdg

4. ]drdsdgyd edb ehkdkdrh ydg` turug kdrh ndg`ht.

5. Kjlh sjsudp gdsh hd ljghg``dnbdg dgdb kdg hstrh bj gj`jrh crdg`.

9. Yjndld bjbdshagyd pjr`h, hd sjndnu sjgkhrh.

 ;. ]drd eurua kjlc bdrjgd `dohgyd thkdb khedydrbdg.

:. Ljgojndg` sjgod khbdyuagyd pjrdau bj ndut.

 6. Ljg`hg`dt ushd ydg` sukda tud, Dgh thkdb ldu ljgug``u ndld nd`h ugtub ljghbda.

0. Yjejnul thkur khijrhtdbdggyd pjrh pjrsdadedtdg dgtdrd burd-burd kdgb jrd.

1. Dbhedt bjldrdu pdgodg` edgydb kdjrda bjbjrhg`dg.

8. Yjejgdrgyd dgtdrd dbu kdg khd sdnhg` ljgihgtdh, tdph sdld-sdld thkdb ldu ljg`dbuh.

4=. [dgpd bjadkhrdggyd, dbu thkdb dbdg ejrdg`bdt.

44. Bcgoug`sh Bcgoug`sh dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` ejrfug`sh ugtub ljnudsbdg sdtudg ndhg kdndl
bcgtrubsh ahpctdbths, kdg sjndnu ljg`aueug`bdg kud sdtudg ndhg dtdu njeha kdndl bcgtrubsh.
Bcgoug`sh ljg`aueug`bdg ed`hdg-ed`hdg uodrdg ydg` sjtdtdrdg ldupug ydg` thkdb sjtdtdrdg.
Icgtca?

d) Khd ldrda bdrjgd sdyd.

 e) Khd ldrda bdrjgd sdyd ljghg``dnbdggyd.

 

i) Dkhb sdyd kud crdg` ydhtu Dkht kdg Eydg. Kdndl bdnhldt

 (d) bdrjgd ljrupdbdg prjpcshsh, bdrjgd khhbuth cnja sdtudg bdtd sjahg``d ljrupdbdg bcgstrubsh
jbscsjgtrhs, sjkdg`bdg kdndl bdnhldt

(e) bdrjgd ljrupdbdg bcgoug`sh, bdrjgd ljg`aueug`bdg bndusd kjg`dg bndusd. Kdndl bdnhldt
(i) bcgoug
bcgoug`sh
`sh ydhtu
ydhtu ejr
ejrpjr
pjrdg
dg sj
sjed`d
ed`dhh pjg`aue
pjg`aueug`
ug` bndusd
bndusd kdg sjbdnh
sjbdnh`us
`us ejrpjr
ejrpjrdg
dg sjed`d
sjed`dhh
 pjgugoub dgdfcrhs. Icgtca ndhg dkdnda ej`htu kdndl bdnhldt Ej`htu kdtdg` hd ndg`sug` ljgdg`hs.
Kh sdlphg` htu, tjrkdpdt ejejrdpd bcgoug`sh ydg` ljrupdbdg `deug`dg sj- + vjred, lhsdngyd
sjkdtdg`, sjadehs, sjnjpds, sjnd`h, kdg sjed`dhgyd. Bcgoug`sh sjldidl hgh ljlpugydh fug`sh
kdg ldbgd `deug`dg bcgoug`sh kdg vjred. Ljgurut pcshshgyd bcgoug`sh khed`h ljgodkh ejrhbut
hgh.

4. Bcgoug
Bcgoug`sh
`sh Hgtrd-bdnh
Hgtrd-bdnhldt,
ldt, ydhtu bcgoug`sh
bcgoug`sh ydg` ljg`aueug`bdg
ljg`aueug`bdg sdtudgsdtudg
sdtudgsdtudg bdtd kjg`dg
bdtd, frdsd kjg`dg frdsd, dtdu bndusd kjg`dg bndusd. Bcgoug`sh htu ydhtu?

5. Bcgoug`sh Jbtrd-bdnhldt, ydg` tjred`h nd`h dtds?

d. Bcgoug`sh hgtrdtjbstudn, ydhtu ljg`aueug`bdg bdnhldt kjg`dg bdnhldt, dtdu pdrd`rdpa kjg`dg
 pdrd`rdpa, ydhtu? dbdg tjtdph dpdnd`h edabdg ehdrpug kjlhbhdgehdrpu g ej`htukdg kdg nd`h kdndl
 pdkd htu kh sdlphg` htu htu pug Bjiudnh Bjlukhdg nd`h pund njeha-njeha nd`h ldbd ldbd htu ldnda
ldndadg ldgd nd`h ldgd pund ljsbhpug ej`htu ljsbhpug kjlhbhdg cnja bdrjgd htusjednhbgyd
sjbdnhpug ej`htu sjbdnhpug kjlhbhdg sjejnulgyd sjndhg htu sjndgoutgyd sjljgtdrd htu sjsukda htu
Yjsug``uagyd sjtjnda htu sug``uapug kjlhbhdg sug``uapug ej`htu tdledadg nd`h tdledadg
 pund wdndupug kjlhbhdg e. Bcgoug`sh jbtrdtjbstudn, ydg` ljg`aueug`bdg kughd kh nudr edadsd
kjg`dg wdidgd, ydhtu? Dkdpug Dnbhsda drbhdg Ej`htu Adttda uedyd-auedyd Ldbd ldbd htu
ljg`jgdh Yjejrlund Yydakdg clcg`-clcg` (gcgstdgkdr) tjrhg`dtgyd [u`ds bcgoug`sh sjsudh
kjg`dg ldbgd sdtudg-sdtudg ydg` khaueug`bdg cnja bcgoug`sh khejkdbdg sjed`dh ejrhbut.

4. ]jgdledadg, lhsdngyd? kdg, sjndhg, tdledadg nd`h, edabdg.

5. Zrutdg, lhsdngyd? ndnu, ndgtds, bjlukhdg.

9. ]hnhadg, lhsdngyd? dtdu, jgtda … jgtda.

 ;. @deug`dg, lhsdngyd? edhb … ldupug.

 

:. ]jrndwdgdg, lhsdngyd? tjtdph, adgyd, sjednhbgyd.

6. [jlpcrdn, lhsdngyd? bjthbd, sjtjnda htu.

0. ]jredgkhg`dg, lhsdngyd? sjed`dhldgd, sjcnda-cnda.

1. Yjede, lhsdngyd? bdrjgd, ndgtdrdg.

8. Dbhedt, lhsdngyd? sjahg``d, sdlpdh-sdlpdh.

4=. Yydrdt, lhsdngyd? ohbdndu, dsdnbdg.

44. [db ejrsydrdt, lhsdngyd? ljsbhpug, ehdrpug.

 45. ]jg`dgkdhdg, lhsdngyd? dgkdh bdtd, sjbhrdgyd.

 49. Adrdpdg, lhsdngyd? dgkdh bdtd, sjbhrdgyd, sjulpdld.

4;. ]jrnudsdg, lhsdngyd? ydg`, kh ldgd, tjlpdt.

4:. ]jg`dgtdr ceyjb, lhsdngyd? edawd, ydg`.

46. Idrd, lhsdngyd? sdlehn, sjrdyd.

 40. ]jrbjiudnhdg, lhsdngyd? bjiudnh, sjndhg.

41. ]jg`dgtdr wdidgd, lhsdngyd? sjejrlund, dkdpug, ldbd. *Bcgstrubsh ahpctdbths dkdnda frdsd
`deug`dg dtdu bndusd `deug`dg ydg` sjidrd ndahrhda ljlpjr`ugdbdg pjg`aueug`, sjkdg`bdg
ydg`
ydg` thkdb
thkdb ljg``u
ljg``ugdbd
gdbdg
g pjg`aue
pjg`aueug`
ug` khsjeu
khsjeutt bcgstru
bcgstrubsh
bsh pdrdtd
pdrdtdbth
bths.
s. ]jldbd
]jldbdhdg
hdg bcgoug
bcgoug`sh
`sh,,
lhsdngyd?

4. Bdlu adrus rdohg ejndodr d`dr kdpdt

kdpd t nunus uohdg.

5. Odg`dg ejrugkhg` bdrjgdbjtdbutdg, dbdg tjtdph odg`dg tdbut ugtub ejrugkhg`.

9. Ejrtdleda ndld khpdgkdg`, ejrtdleda idgthb sdod pdrdsgyd.

;. Khd dtdu khrhbu ydg` bdu phnha3

:. Dgkdhbdtd dbu crdg` bdyd, dbu dbdg bjnhnhg` kughd ejrsdldlu.

6. Bdu ecnja pjr`h dsdn odg`dg pundg` tjrndnu ldndl.

 

 0. Edhb ldadn dtdupug lurda thkdb dbdg buejnh.

 1. Ejraueug` sukda tjrndledt ldbd sdyd tjreuru-euru ejrdg`bdt bj bdlpus.

 8. Odg`dgbdg eug`d, jlds pug thkdb dbdg butjrhld kdrhlu.

4=. Bjgkdthpug jg`bdu ejrdkd odua, dbu dbdg tjtdp ljrhgkubdglu.

45. Bdtj`crh Fdths Bdtj`crh fdths dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` ejrtu`ds ljlundh, ljlpjrtdadgbdg, dtdu
ljg`ubuabdg bclughbdsh dgtdrd pjlehidrd kdg ndwdg ehidrd. Bjnds bdtd hgh tjrkdpdt kdndl
khdnc` dtdu wdwdgidrd ejrsdleutdg, ydhtu bdnhldt-bdnhldt ydg` khuidpbdg cnja pjlehidrd kdg
bdwdg ehidrd. Yjed`hdg ejsdr bdtj`crh fdths ljrupdbdg ihrh rd`dl edadsd nhsdg (gcg-stdgkdr)
sjahg``d bjedgydbdg bdnhldt-bdnhldt gcg-stdgkdr edgydb ljg`dgkug` ugsur-ugsur kdjrda dtdu
khdnjb rj`hcgdn. Ejgtub-ejgtub fdths lhsdngyd kh dwdn bdnhldt Bcb bdlu ljndlug3, kh tjg`da
bdnhldt, lhsdngyd Khd bcb ehsd yd ljgunhs puhsh sjhgkda hgh3, kdg kh dbahr bdnhldt, lhsdngyd Dbu
 ou`d bcb! Bdtj`crh fdths ljlpugydh wuouk ejgtub ejeds, lhsdngyd bcb,
b cb, kja, dtdu sjndldt, kdg
wuouk ejgtub tjrhbdt, lhsdngyd ’ nda dtdu pug. Ejgtub kdg Ojghs Bdtj`crh Fdths, kdpdt khurdhbdg
sjed`dh ejrhbut.

4. ]drthbjn kdg Bdtd Fdths

d. da, ljgjbdgbdg rdsd pjgcndbdg dtdu rdsd diua tdb diua, lhsdngyd? „Dyc da bhtd pjr`h!“, „Da
ydg` ejgdr sdod bdu!“

 e. dyc, ljgjbdgbdg dodbdg, lhsdngyd? „Dyc bhtd pjr`h!“, „Bhtd pjr`h yc!“ Dyc ljlpugydh
vdrhdsh yc ehnd khnjtdbbdg kh dbahr bdnhldt. Dyc ou`d ejrvdrhdsh kjg`dg dyub kdg dyua.

i. kja, kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljgjbdgbdg?

4) pjldbsddg kjg`dg ljleuoub, lhsdngyd? „Ldbdg kja, odg`dg ldnuldnu!“

5) pjlejrhdg pjrsjtuoudg, lhsdngyd? „Ecnja kja!“

9) pjlejrhdg `drdpdg, lhsdngyd? „Ldbdgdg khd jgdb kja!“

;) sjbdkdr pjgjbdgdg, lhsdngyd? „Odkh ejgih kja sdld khd!“

k. kcg`, kh`ugdbdg ugtub?

4) Ljg`adnusbdg pjrhgtda, lhsdngyd? „Ed`h kcg` bujgyd!“

 

5) Ljgjbdgbdg bjsdndadg ndwdg ehidrd, lhsdngyd? „Xd ojnds kcg`!“

j. khg`, ljgjbdgbdg pjg`dbudg bjsdndadg pjlehidrd, lhsdngyd? „Ja, hyd khg` sdnda!“

f. adnc, kh`ugdbdg ugtub?

4) Ljlundh kdg ljg`ubuabdg pjlehidrddg kh tjnjpcg, lhsdngyd? „Adnc3“

 5) Ljgydndlh bdwdg ehidrd ydg` khdg``dp dbrde, lhsdngyd? „Adnc, ndld tdb oulpd3“

`. bdg, dpdehnd tjrnjtdb pdkd dbahr bdnhldt dtdu dwdn bdnhldt, ldbd bdg ljrupdbdg bjpjgkjbdg
kdrh bdtd eubdg dtdu eubdgbda, kdg tu`dsgyd hdnda ljgjbdgbdg pjleubthdg, lhsdngyd? „Bdg khd
sukda tdau!“, „Ehsd sdod bdg3“ Dpdehnd bdg tjrnjtdb kh tjg`da bdnhldt, ldbd bdg ou`d ejrshfdt
ljgjbdgbdg pjleubthdg dtdu edgtdadg, lhsdngyd? „[dkh bdg sukda khbdsha tdau!“

a. bjb, ljlpugydh tu`ds?

4) ljgjbdgbdg pjljrhgihdg, lhsdngyd? „Jnu bjb, `uj bjb, sdld sdod.“

5) ljgjbdgbdg pjrhgtda, lhsdngyd? „Ijpjtdg bjb, bjgdpd sha3“

9) ljg``dgthbdg bdtd sdod, lhsdngyd? „Jnu bjb ydg` pjr`h!“

  h. bcb, ljgjbdgbdg
ljgjbdgbdg dndsdg kdg pjg`hg`bdrdg,
pjg`hg`bdrdg, lhsdngyd?
lhsdngyd? „Ydyd iuld bjthkurdg
bjthkurdg sjejgtdr bcb!“,
„Bcb ej`htu sha3“, „Khd bcb ydg` dlehn eububu!“ bcb kdpdt ou`d ejrtu`ds sjed`dh pjg``dgth
bdtd tdgyd ljg`dpd dtdu bjgdpd ehnd khnjtdbbdg kh dwdn bdnhldt, lhsdngyd? „Bcb sdbht-sdbht pjr`h
 ou`d3“

 o. ’nda, ljgjbdgbdg bdnhldt hlpjrdthf, kdg pjg`udt sjeutdg kdndl bdnhldt, lhsdngyd? „[utupnda
 phgtu bdldr htu!“, „Ehdr sdydnda ydg` pjr`h.“

b. nac,
nac, ehnd
ehnd tjrnjt
tjrnjtdb
db kh dwd
dwdnn bdnhld
bdnhldtt ejrshf
ejrshfdt
dt sjpjrt
sjpjrthh hgtjro
hgtjrojbs
jbshh ydg` ljgydt
ljgydtdbdg
dbdg bjbd`jt
bjbd`jtdg,
dg,
lhsdngyd? „Nac, bcb odkh `hgh sha3“ Ehnd tjrnjtdb kh tjg`da dtdu kh dbahr bdnhldt, ldbd nac
 ejrtu`ds ljgjbdgbdg bjpdsthdg, lhsdngyd? „Ydyd ou`d ldu nac.“

n. ldrh, ljgjbdgbdg dodbdg, lhsdngyd? „Ldrh ldbdg.“

l. gda, sjndnu
sjndnu tjrnjt
tjrnjtdb
db pdkd
pdkd dwdn
dwdn bdnhld
bdnhldtt kdg ejrtu`
ejrtu`ds
ds ugtub
ugtub lhgtd
lhgtd supdyd
supdyd bdwdg
bdwdg ehidrd
ehidrd
ljg`dnhabdg pjradthdg bj adn ndhg, lhsdngyd? „Gda, sjbdrdg` edidnda ijrpjg hgh!“
 

g. pug, sjndnu tjrnjtdb pdkd uoug` bcgsthtujg pjrtdld kdg ejrtu`ds ljgcgocnbdg ed`hdg tjrsjeut,
lhsdngyd? „Ljledid pug hd thkdb ehsd.“

c. sjndldt, khuidpbdg bjpdkd bdwdg ehidrd ydg` ljgkdpdtbdg dtdu ljg`dndlh sjsudtu ydg`
 edhb, lhsdngyd? „Yjndldt yd, tunhsdglu khludt nd`h kh bcrdg.“

 p. sha, ljlhnhbh tu`ds?

4) ljg``dgthbdg tu`ds ’tda kdg ’bda, lhsdngyd? „Dpd sha ldugyd htu crdg`3“

  5) sjed`dh ldbgd ‑ljldg`‘ dtdu ‑sjejgdrgyd‘, lhsdngyd? „Ed`us sha ed`us, tdph adr`dgyd
sjndg`ht!“

9) ljgjbdgbdg dndsdg, lhsdngyd? „Dehs khd gdbdn sha!“

q. tca,
tca, ejrtu`
ejrtu`ds
ds ljg`ud
ljg`udtbd
tbdg
g ldbsuk
ldbsuk,, dkd bdndgy
bdndgydd ljlhn
ljlhnhbh
hbh drth
drth ydg` sdld
sdld kjg`dg
kjg`dg tjt
tjtdph
dph,,
lhsdngyd? „Ydyd tca thkdb ljrdsd ejrsdnda.“

r. yd, ejrtu`ds?

4) ljg`ubuabdg dtdu ljlejgdrbdg dpd ydg` khtdgydbdg bdwdg ehidrd, ehnd khpdbdh pdkd dwdn
uodrdg, lhsdngyd? „Xd dbu ljgihgtdhlu.“

5) lhgtd pjrsjtuoudg dtdu pjgkdpdt bdwdg ehidrd, ehnd khpdbdh pdkd dbahr uodrdg, lhsdngyd?
“Odg`dg pjr`h yd3“, „Bj ldgd yd3“

 s. yda, kh`ugdbdg pdkd dwdn dtdu tjg`da-tjg`da

tjg`da-tjg`da uodrdg, tdph thkdb pjrgda kh dbahr uodrdg
uodrdg ugtub 
ljg`ug`bdpbdg bjrd`u-rd`udg dtdu bjthkdbpdsthdg tjradkdp dpd ydg` khug`bdpbdg cnja bdwdg
 ehidrd dtdu ydg` tjrsjeut kdndl bdnhldt sjejnulgyd, ehnd khpdbdh pdkd dwdn uodrdg? dtdu
bjrd`urd`udg dtdu bjthkdbpdsthdg dtds hsh bcgsthtujg uodrdg ydg` ljgkdaunuhgyd, ehnd khpdbdh kh
tjg`da uodrdg, lhsdngyd? „Xda, dpd dbu ehsd ljndbubdggyd3“

5. Frdsj Fdths

d. frdsj kjg`dg sjndldt kh`ugdbdg ugtub ljlundh kdg ljg`dbahrh hgtjrdbsh dgtdrd pjlehidrd
kdg ndwdg ehidrd sjsudh kjg`dg bjpjrnudg kdg shtudshgyd, lhsdngyd? sjndldt pd`h sjndldt ldndl
sjndldt odndg sjndldt shdg` sjndldt thkur sjndldt ldbdg sjndldt scrj sjndldt ouldpd sjndldt

 ejrundg` tdaug
 

 e. tjrhld bdsha kh`ugdbdg sjtjnda pjlehidrd ljrdsd ljgkdpdtbdg sjsudtu kdrh bdwdg ehidrd.

 i. turut ejrkubd ihtd kh`ugdbdg sjwdbtu pjlehidrd ljgydlpdhbdg ejnd sug`bdwd.

k dssdndlu‘dndhbul kh`ugdbdg pdkd wdbtu pjlehidrd ljlundh hgtjrdbsh.

j. wd‘d
wd‘dnd
ndhb
hbul
ulsd
sdnd
ndl
l kh`u
kh`ugd
gdbd
bdg
g ug
ugtu
tub
b ljle
ljledn
dnds
ds bd
bdwd
wdg
g eh
ehid
idrd
rd yd
ydg`
g` ljg`
ljg`ui
uidp
dpbd
bdg
g
dssdndlu‘dndhbul.

f. hgsyd Dnnca khuidpbdg cnja pjlehidrd bjthbd ljgjrhld tdwdrdg ljg`jgdh sjsudtu kdrh bdwdg
 ehidrd. Yjndhg frdsj fdths kdndl rd`dl tunhs, dkd pund frdsj fdths
fdths rd`dl nhsdg, lhsdngyd?

`. kjg`dg acrldt kh`ugdbdg pjgunhs pdkd dwdn surdt

a. acrldt sdyd, sdndl tdbzhl, wdssdndl kh`ugdbdg pjgunhs pdkd dbahr surdt.

49. Hgtjrojbsh Hgtjrojbsh dkdnda bdtj`crh ydg` ejrtu`ds ljg`ug`bdpbdg pjrdsddg pjlehidrd? kdg

sjidrd shgtdb
sjidrd shgtdbshs
shs thkdb
thkdb ejraueu
ejraueug`d
g`dg
g kjg`dg
kjg`dg bdtd-b
bdtd-bdtd
dtdndh
ndhg
g kdndl
kdndl uodrdg
uodrdg.. Hgtjro
Hgtjrojbs
jbshh ejrshf
ejrshfdt
dt
jbstrdbdnhldt kdg sjndnu ljgkdaunuh uodrdg sjed`dh tjrhdbdg ydg` njpds dtdu ejrkhrh sjgkhrh.
Hgtjrojbsh kdpdt khtjluh kdndl?

d. Ejgtub kdsdr, ydhtu? dkua, dkuadh, da, dach, dh, dlech, dsych, dyc, eda, iha, ihs, ja, adh, hkha, ha,
nac, ca, gdb, shp, wda, wdadh, yddd.

  e. Ejgtub tururgdg,
tururgdg, ehdsdgyd ejrdsdn kdrh bdtd-bdtd
bdtd-bdtd ehdsd, dtdu pjg`dndg bdnhldt Drde, icgtca?
dnadlkunhnnda, dstd`d, erjg`sjb, eusjt, kuehnda, kuhnda, hgsyd Dnnca, ldsydnnda, syubur, adnc,
hggdnhnndah, ydauk. Ojghs hgtjrojbsh kdpdt khurdhbdg sjed`dh ejrhbut.

 d. Hgtjrojbsh sjrudg dtdu pdg``hndg lhgtd pjradthdg? dach, dyc, ja, adnc, adh, aj, sst, wdadh.

 e. Hgtjrojbsh bjajrdgdg dtdu bjbd`uldg? dkuadh, dh, dlech, dstd`d, dsych, al, wda, ydauk.

i. Hgtjrojbsh bjsdbhtdg? dkua.

k. Hgtjrojbsh bjsjkhadg? dkua. j. Hgtjrojbsh bjbjijwddg kdg sjsdn? da, erjg`sjb, eusjt, wda, ydd.

f. Hgtjrojbsh bjbd`jtdg? nac, ldsyddnnda, dstd`afhrunnda.

`. Hgtjrojbsh bjnj`ddg? Dnadlkunhnnda, gda, syubur. a. Hgtjrojbsh bjohohbdg? eda, iha, ihs, ahh, hkha,

ha.