PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1
Prepared by: Ms. Mary Antonette A. Ligsa
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 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Provide the justifications/reasons for conducting
the research (DepEd-MELC, CS_RS11-IIIc-e-3) and
state research questions. (DepEd-MELC, CS_RS11-
IIIc-e-4)
Indicate scope and delimitation of research. (DepEd-MELC,
CS_RS11-IIIc-e-5)

Cite benefits and beneficiaries of research (DepEd-MELC,

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CS_RS11-IIIc-e-6) and present written statement of the problem.

(DepEd-MELC, CS_RS11-IIIc-e-7)
 LESSON 4
Abstract, The
Background of the
Study, and The
Research Question
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 In general, your abstract should be able
to:
 Describe the paper.
 State the problem or the key issue.
 Carry the reader through the research
methodology, what it has found, and
what conclusion you have reached from

ABSTRACT
these findings.
 Contain keywords to your method and
content.
It is a concise outline or In addition, your abstract should not:
 Evaluate, review, or defend the paper
summary of a research or your position.
paper or entire thesis.  Propose what you intend to study,
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accomplish, or find out.

 Be lengthy and superfluous.
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 THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 The background of the study gives the
readers important information about the
research being conducted. It provides a brief
explanation of how the study was
conceived, how it will be conducted, and the
possible contribution it may give to the
society.
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 THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
FEATURES
1. It cites the reason why the researcher chooses to study a
particular topic.
2. It describes the setting or the place where the research will take
place.
3. It presents bases that may support or negate the claims of the
researcher.
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4. It gives justification for the need for the research study.

 STEPS IN DESCRIBING
THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Step 1: Describe the field you will be researching.
Step 2: Indicate why this field is important.
Step 3: Describe the current (and relevant) hot
topics in the field.
Step 4: Describe the specific area that you will be
researching in the field.
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 STEPS IN DESCRIBING
THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Step 5: Indicate how the research will add to the field
(explain why your work is important).

Step 6: Describe your research as answers to

research questions you have been assigned to
research.
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 STEPS IN DESCRIBING
THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Step 7: Summarize the current research based
on your specific area of interest and highlight
any gaps in the research that you plan to
address with your research.
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 THE RESEARCH QUESTION
 The fundamental core of a research project is
the research question. It is a statement that
identifies the phenomenon to be studied. It
focuses the study, determines the
methodology, and guides all stages of
inquiry, analysis, and reporting.
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 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
RESEARCH QUESTION
1. Relevant 4. Consistent with the
2. Manageable in terms of requirements of the
research and in terms of your assessment
own academic abilities 5. Clear and simple
3. Substantial and with original 6. Interesting
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dimensions
 TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

a. Factor-isolating questions – The purpose of these

questions is to categorize or name factors and situations.

b. Factor-relating questions – These questions aim to

establish relationships between the factors that have
been identified.
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 TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS
c. Situation-relating questions – These questions aim to see the
changes that might happen to one variable when the other variable
changes. These questions usually need experimentation in order to
get results.

d. Situation-producing questions – These questions lead to promote

an explicit course of action or conditions under which goal could be
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accomplished. These are commonly used in action research.

 STEPS IN STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Step 1: To develop a strong research question from your
ideas, you should ask yourself the following things
(Higher Education Academy & Sheffield Hallam
University, 2017):
a. Do I know the field and its literature well?
b. What are the important research questions in my field?
c. What areas need further exploration?
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 STEPS IN STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
d. Could my study fill a gap? Lead to greater understanding?
e. Has a great deal of research already been conducted in this
topic area?
f. Is the timing right for this question to be answered? Is it a
hot topic, or is it becoming obsolete?
g. If you are proposing a service program, is the target
community interested?
h. Most importantly, will my study have a significant impact
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on the field?
 STEPS IN STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Step 2: A strong research idea should pass the
“so what” test. You can think about the
potential impact of the research you are
proposing.
a. What is the benefit of answering your research
question?
b. Who will it help (and how)?
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 STEPS IN STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Step 3: A research focus should be narrow, not
broad-based. For example, the question “What can
be done to prevent the substance abuse?” is too
broad to answer. It would be better to begin with a
more focused question such as, “What is the
relationship between specific early childhood
experiences and subsequent substance-abusing
behaviors?”
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 STEPS IN STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Step 4: Fulfill the following criteria:
a. Single sentence
b. Include the purpose of the study
c. Include the central phenomenon
d. Use qualitative words
e. Note the participants (if any)
f. State the research site
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 POST-ASSESSMENT
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 LESSON 5
The Scope, Delimitation,
and Significance of
Research and The
Statement Of The Problem
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 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 A section of a research paper that explains
what information or subject is being
analyzed. It covers the explanation as to up
to what extent the researcher would want
to explore or interpret in his or her research.
Most research is limited in scope by sample
size, time, and geographic area.
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(Reference.com, 2017)
 THE DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 It is the explanation of the scope of the
study. In this section, the researcher explain
why certain aspects of a subject were
chosen and why others were excluded.
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 INDICATING THE SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Step 1: Start with any of these sample phrases that
express the scope of the study:
1. The coverage of this study......
2. The study consists of......
3. The study covers the......
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4. The study is focused on......

 INDICATING THE SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Step 2: Explain what information or subject is being
studied or analyzed. Explain the limitations of the
research like the sample size, time frame, geographic
area, subjects, objectives, facilities, and the issues to
which the research is focused.
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 INDICATING THE SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Step 3: Start with any of these sample phrases that
express the delimitation of the study:
1. The study does not cover the......
2. The researcher limited this research to......
3. This study is limited to......
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 INDICATING THE SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Step 4: Describe the scope of the study.
 Explain why definite aspects of a subject were
chosen and why others were excluded.
 Mention the research method used as well as the
certain theories that applied to the data.
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 INDICATING THE SCOPE AND
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
 Explain why you are delimiting the research to a
specific geographic location, age, sex, population
traits, population size, and other similar
considerations.
 Identify the constraints or weaknesses of your
research which are not within the control of the
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researcher.
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 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
 It explains how the study will be beneficial
to the different stakeholders of the society. It
identifies the benefits and the target
beneficiaries or target users of the current
study. It should be clear to the beneficiaries
the advantages and significance of the
research results.
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 WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Step 1: Identify the beneficiary or beneficiaries.

Step 2: Describe the benefit or benefits that will be

derived from the research of the study. If you have
few beneficiaries, you can just write it in one or two
paragraphs. Explain why it is important to conduct
the study and how they can benefit from the study.
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 WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
If you have many beneficiaries, you can
use the following format:
1. 1st paragraph – Why is it important to conduct
the study?
2. 2nd paragraph – The main beneficiary – either
a group or an organization
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 WRITING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
If you have many beneficiaries, you can
use the following format:
3. 3rd paragraph – The second beneficiary
4. 4th paragraph – The importance of the study
to the proponents or researchers
5. 5th paragraph – The importance to the future
researchers
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 THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 It is also called the heart of a research study, is
where the general and specific problems or
objectives are presented. The introductory
statement in this section is usually the general
problem or goal based from the research title.
This is followed by specific problems or
objectives that will be thoroughly studied in
the course of the research.
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 FORMAT OR PARTS OF
A STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Part 1: The ideal – It describes a desired goal
or ideal situation; explain how things should be.

Part 2: The reality – It describes a condition that prevents

the goal, state, or value in Part 1 from being achieved or
realized at this time; explains how the current situation
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falls short of the goal or ideal.

 FORMAT OR PARTS OF
A STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Part 3: The consequences – It identifies
the way you propose to improve the
current situation and move it closer to
the goal or ideal.
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 WRITING STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Step 1: (Statement 1)
Construct statement 1 by describing a
goal or desired state of a given situation,
phenomenon, etc. This will build the ideal
situation (what should be, what is expected,
desired).
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 WRITING STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Step 2: (Statement 2)
Describe a condition that prevents the
goal, state, or value discussed in step 1 from
being achieved or realized at the present time.
This will build the reality, the situation as it is
and establish a gap between what ought to be
and what is.
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 WRITING STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Step 3:
Connect steps 1 and 2 using a
term such as but, however,
unfortunately, or in spite of.
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 WRITING STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Step 4: (Statement 3)
Using specific details shows how the
situation in step 2 contains little promise of
improvement unless something is done. Then
emphasize the benefits of research by
projecting the consequences of possible
solutions as well.
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 POST-ASSESSMENT
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