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HONOR PLEDGE
ONLINE FINAL
EXAMINATION
Saya mengaku bahawa saya tidak memberi atau menerima apa-apa pertolongan yang tidak
dibenarkan dalam peperiksaan ini, dan semua kerja yang diserahkan adalah daripada saya
sendiri.
Saya faham bahawa jika saya didapati melanggar etika, saya boleh dikenakan tindakan
tatatertib di bawah Kaedah-Kaedah Universiti Putra Malaysia (Tatatertib Pelajar- Pelajar)
2005 dan mengikut Perkara Akademik Prasiswazah 2014.
I affirm that I have not given or received any unauthorized help on this examination, and
that all work is my own.
Nama :
No. Matrik :
Kursus :
Tarikh :
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Final Examination
Second Semester of 2020/2021
INSTRUCTIONS :
1. Answer ALL questions in Part A, ONE question in Part B and ONE question in
Part C.
Sila jawab SEMUA soalan di Bahagian A ,SATU soalan di Bahagian B dan SATU
soalan di Bahagian C.
2. All calculation steps must be shown in the answer papers.
Semua langkah pengiraan hendaklah ditunjukkan di dalam buku jawapan.
Name :
Soalan 1
Satu keratan rentas sungai seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1, terdiri daripada
dataran banjir mendatar dan saluran utama yang terletak pada kecerunan
0.0015. Saluran utama mempunyai keluasan penuh 300 m2 dan perimeter
keliling basah 65 m. Sungai tersebut dijangkakan membawa aliran banjir
sebanyak 2500 m3/s. Jawab yang berikut.
Rajah 1.
[25 MARKAH]
2
Part A: Answer ALL questions.
Question 1
i. Taking the Manning roughness coefficient, n for the main channel and
flood plain areas as 0.025 and 0.035, respectively, determine the depth
of flow over the flood plain. Assume that the freeboard is 0.x m. Take x
as the square root of your last digit matric number and rounded.
(12 marks)
Figure 1.
[25 MARKS]
3
Soalan 2
𝐷 𝜇
𝑣 = √2𝑔𝐻 𝑓 [ , ]
𝐻 𝜌𝑣𝐻
(15 Marks)
(b) Model alurlimpah yang serupa secara geometri akan dibina pada skala
1/40 merentasi flum dengan lebar 50 cm. Tinggi alurlimpah sebenar
adalah 20 m dan kedalaman maksimum yang dijangka adalah 2 m.
i. cadangkan ketinggian dan kedalamana yang harus digunakan
dalam membina model.
(4 markah)
iii. Jika tekanan negatif pada model adalah 150 mm, apakah
kebarangkalian tekanan negatif dalam prototaip. Jelaskan.
(2 markah)
[25 MARKAH]
4
Question 2
𝐷 𝜇
𝑣 = √2𝑔𝐻 𝑓 [ , ]
𝐻 𝜌𝑉𝐻
ii. if the flow over the model at particular head is 10 litres/s, generate
the expected flow per meter length of the spillway prototype.
(4 marks)
iii. if the negative pressure in the model is 150 mm, what is the
possibility of negative pressure in the prototype. Justify your
answer
(2 marks)
[25 MARKS]
5
Bahagian B : Jawab SATU soalan sahaja
Soalan 3
Air mengalir melaui pintu kunci air ke sebuah saluran segiempat dengan lebar
dasar 3.0 m. Di hilir pintu kunci air, terdapat perubahan kedalaman air daripada
0.6 m ke 1.8 m, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2. Jawab yang berikut.
iii. Jika pintu kunci air dinaikkan supaya kedalaman air meningkat ke 1.3 m
sejurus sahaja di hulu pintu dengan aliran sebanyak 15 m3/s, tentukan
samada lompatan hidraulik akan berlaku
(5 markah)
(2 markah)
[25 MARKAH]
6
Rajah 2
7
Part B: Answer ONE question only.
Question 3
Water flows through a sluice gate to a rectangular channel with a base width of
3.0 m. Downstream of the sluice gate, there is a change in flow depth from 0.6m
to 1.8 m, as shown in Figure 2. Answer the following.
i. Compute the discharge in the channel. Confirm that the hydraulic jump
will occur and determine the type of jump.
(12 marks)
ii. Calculate the loss of energy because of the jump using a simplified
formula and confirm the answer using the specific energy of hydraulic
formula.
(6 marks)
iii. If the sluice gate is raised so that the flow depth rises to 1.3 m
immediately upstream of the gate with discharge of 15 m3/s, determine
whether a hydraulic jump will form.
(5 marks)
iv. If you are caught in a hydraulic jump, explain possible ways to escape
from the jump.
(2 marks)
[25 MARKS]
8
Figure 2
9
Soalan 4
iii. Hitung perubahan kedalaman dan tinggi permukaan air yang dihasilkan
apabila penyempitan beransur di dalam saluran terjadi.
(8 marks)
[25 MARKAH]
10
Rajah 3.
11
Question 4
Figure 3 shows the top and side views of a rectangular channel. Upstream of
the channel, water flows with a velocity at 3 m/s at a depth of 3.0 m in a 3.0 m
wide channel. There is an upward step, ΔZ with a height of 30 cm installed in
the channel as shown in Figure 3. Downstream of the channel, the gradual
contraction in the channel takes place producing a contracted width of 2.6 m.
Answer the following questions sequentially.
(4 marks)
iii. Calculate the change in depth and in water surface elevation produced
when the gradual contraction in the channel takes place.
(8 marks)
iv. Determine the maximum contracted width of the channel if the specified
upstream condition is maintained.
(4 marks)
[25 MARKS]
12
Figure 3.
13
Bahagian C : Jawab SATU soalan sahaja
Soalan 5
Tiga tangki diperlukan untuk membekalkan air ke Dewan Komuniti yang baru
dibina. Rajah 4 menunjukkan kedalaman air dan lokasi tanki air terdekat 𝑋, 𝑌
dan 𝑍. Sistem paip disambungkan ke nod 𝐽 di mana Dewan Komuniti terletak.
Diameter dan panjang bagi setiap paip dinyatakan Bersama gambarajah
tersebut.
Dengan andaian bahawa faktor geseran, 𝑓 = 0.03 adalah untuk semua paip
dan mengabaikan kehilangan kecil:
[25 MARKAH]
14
Part C: Answer ONE question only.
Question 5
Three tanks are needed in order to supply water to a newly built Community
Hall. Figure 4 illustrates the water heads and locations of the nearest available
water tanks 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍 . The pipe systems are connected to node 𝐽 where the
community hall is located. The diameter and length of each pipe are given in
the same figure.
Assuming that the friction factor, 𝑓 = 0.03 for all pipes and ignoring the minor
losses:
i. Determine the flowrate in each pipe.
(20 marks)
[25 MARKS]
15
Soalan 6
Rajah 5
(20 markah)
ii. Ketinggian aras laut untuk titik B adalah 61 m dengan tekanan turus
adalah 45.72m. Kira tekanan turus pada C jika ketinggian aras lalut titik
tersebut adalah 30.5 m.
(5 markah)
[25 MARKAH]
16
Question 6
Figure 5
ii. The elevation above sea level at point B is 61 m with a pressure head
of 45.72 m. Calculate the pressure head at C if the elevation above sea
level is 30.5 m.
(5 marks)
[25 MARKS]
17