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1.0
Sistem retikulasi bermula dari punca air bersih sehinggalah kepada pengguna.
Raw Water
Source
Balancing
Reservoir
Storage
Reservoir
Booster
Pumping Station
Clear
Water
Tank
Distribution
Mains
Customers
Storage
Reservoir
Water Treatment
Plant
Reticulation System
Customers
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Gravity Flow
Supply Source
Gravity Flow
Treatment Plant
Gravity Flow
Reservoir
Service Area
Pumped Flow
Service Area
Booster Station
Pumped Flow
Treatment Plant
Supply Source
Pumped Flow
Pumped Flow
Gravity Flow
Reservoir
Booster Station
Treatment Plant
Booster Station
Service Area
Supply Source
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1.2
2.0
z1 2 2 z 2 hL
2g
2g
- Kehilangan tenaga disebabkan oleh:a.
b.
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2.2
Q1
Q3
Q4
Q1 + Q2 = Q3 + Q4
b.
hL 4 f
Hazen Williams, hL
f
hL
L
Q
C
D
L V2
D 2g
10.69 LQ 1.852
C 1.852 D 4.87
= friction factor
= head loss (m)
= pipe length (m)
= flow rate (m3/s)
= Hazen Williams pipe roughness coefficient
= pipe diameter (m)
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c.
Hazen-Williams Coefficient - C
140
130 - 140
100
130
107 - 113
89 - 100
75 - 90
64 - 83
120 - 140
130 - 140
120
120
140
130 - 140
140 - 150
150
140
140 - 150
130
110
130
120
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hLi
dh
L
dQ
hL
2ri Qi
3.0
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3.2
i.
ii.
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3.3
3.4
3.5
Atau turus minima adalah 7.6m (25 kaki) diatas aras tanah
tertinggi. Keperluan ini hanya terhad kepada bangunan yang tidak
mempunyai tangki simpanan sahaja atau penggunaan air secara
terus tanpa tangki.
Turus maksima ialah 61m.
Analisis Aliran
Analisis aliran didalam rekabentuk perlu mengambilkira dua (2)
keadaan iaitu:
a.
b.
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3.6
Class A Risk
Average Total
Flow
(Litres)
(Per Minute)
Spanning
(Metres)
Maximum No.
Of Hydrant
Outlet used
Simultaneously
4100
90
3 @ 1370 lpd
2700
90
2 @ 1370 lpd
1370
90
1140
120-terrace
150-detached /
semi detached
680
180
Large
buildings,
shopping
complexes,
high rise buildings,
large industrial estate,
warehouse and ports.
Class B Risk
Congested areas with
buildings up to 5
storeys
Class C Risk
Shop house up to 3
storey, light industry
Class D Risk
Residential
terrace
house, detached, semi
detached
Class E Risk
Others
3.7
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3.8
3.9
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Nod 0 - 1
Description
2-storey terrace
houses (10 units)
1-storey terrace
houses (20 units)
1-storey terrace
houses (20 units)
Water Demand
(liter/day)
Total Demand
(liter/day)
1590
10
15900
0.1840
1360
20
27200
0.3148
1360
20
27200
0.3148
70300
0.8137
TOTAL
Nod 1 - 2
1-storey terrace
houses (10 units)
1-storey terrace
houses (10 units)
1360
10
13600
0.1574
1360
10
13600
0.1574
27200
0.3148
TOTAL
Nod 2 - 3
1-storey terrace
houses (10 units)
1-storey terrace
houses (10 units)
Average Flow, Q
(liter/s)
Quantity
(nos)
1360
10
13600
0.1574
1360
10
13600
0.1574
27200
0.3148
TOTAL
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Node
Average Flow
Rate
(liter/s)
1
2
3
0.8137
0.3148
0.3148
Node
Average Flow
Rate
(liter/s)
1
2
3
0.8137
0.3148
0.3148
* Based on MWA requirement: One hydrant flow (Class D Risk) = 1140 liter/minute or 19 liter/s
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: 20 meter
: 28 meter
Node
Pipe No.
Length (m)
1
2
3
1
2
3
1000
800
800
Elevation At
Node
27
18
29
Type
MS
DI
DI
Proposed Pipe
Diameter (m)
0.2
0.15
0.15
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Roughness
Coefficient, C
130
120
120
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Minor Loss
0
0
0
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10.69 LQ1.852
C 1.852 D 4.87
10.69(1000)(0.0020)1.852
3.2437
0.0341 m
Halaju air, V;
V1
V1
V1
Q1
A
0.0020
2
0 .2
2
0.0647 m/s < 2.6m/s (Mematuhi keperluan MWA)
P0 V02
P V2
z 0 1 1 Z 1 hL
2g
2g
Formula Bernoulli disusun semula seperti berikut;
P1
P1
P1
P0 V02
V12
Z0
Z 1 hL
2g
2g
2
0.0647
28 0 20
2g
27 0.0341
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(2)
10.69 LQ1.852
1.852 4.87
C D
10.69(800)(0.0008)1.852
0.689
0.022 m
Halaju air, V;
V2
V2
V2
Q2
A
0.0008
2
0.15
2
0.0445 m/s < 2.6m/s (Mematuhi keperluan MWA)
P1 V12
P V2
z1 2 2 Z 2 hL
2g
2g
Formula Bernoulli disusun semula seperti berikut;
P2
P2
P2
P1 V12
V22
Z1
Z 2 hL
2g
2g
2
0.0647
20.966
2g
0.0445
27
2g
18 0.022
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(3)
10.69 LQ1.852
1.852 4.87
C D
10.69(800)(0.0008)1.852
0.689
0.022 m
Halaju air, V;
V3
V3
V3
Q3
A
0.0008
2
0.15
2
0.0445 m/s < 2.6m/s (Mematuhi keperluan MWA)
P3 V32
P2 V22
z2
Z 3 hL
2g
2g
Formula Bernoulli disusun semula seperti berikut;
P3
P3
P3
V32
P2 V22
Z2
Z 3 hL
2g
2g
2
0.0445
29.944
2g
0.0445
18
2g
29 0.022
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5.
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5.2
Pelan Retikulasi
a.
Pelan lokasi
-
b.
Pelan kunci
-
c.
Nama taman
d.
e.
f.
Paip masuk
- Mestilah dari jenis mild steel pipe atau jenis paip yang
diluluskan oleh pihak berkuasa bekalan air.
- Jika perlu: menyediakan bulk meter, pressure reducing valve,
sluice valve dan sebagainya.
g.
Injap-injap (valve)
- Kedudukan injap-injap perlu dinyatakan secara jelas dan
terperinci.
- Antara injap-injap tersebut ialah isolation valve (sluice valve),
air valve, scour valve, boundary valve.
- Kedudukan end cap juga perlu ditunjukkan.
h.
Jenis paip
Saiz minima paip retikulasi adalah 150mm ND.
- Antara paip yang biasa digunapakai didalam sistem retikulasi
adalah paip uPVC, ductile iron (DI pipe) dan HDPE.
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Nombor-nombor nod
Paras pelantar (platform level) atau ground level.
- Paras tekanan/baki turus tekaan pada setiap nod (residual
pressure)
j.
Jenis bangunan
-
k.
Diwarnakan
Bilangan unit mengikut jenis.
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