MAGIC

PTE PREDICTION
09 Mar - 15 Mar

85% Repeat Rate

 NEW

UPDATES
Read Aloud

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Repeat Sentence

The portfolio is due at the internal review office no later than

Tuesday.

The agricultural sector in that country is heavily subsidized.

Students can share their lunch during the break around noon.
It is argued that students can learn more collaborating rather than
as individuals.
Living in the 21st century is increasingly stressful.

This framework will allow us to pose further research questions

more systematically.

Please make sure you use the standard form of quotation.

But they haven't come into widespread use yet.

Please read the article that was given out yesterday.

Compiling a bibliography can present a major challenge for some

students.
By logging in, you agree to all terms and conditions regarding
your enrollment.

We weren't able to agree on the appropriate independent

variables.
 This Week Reading Exam Questions

(None Added This Week)

Answer Short Questions

(Few New Questions Added)

 Write From Dictations

You may not manage to read everything on the reading list.

Optional tutorials are offered in the final week of the term.

READ ALOUD

Total No. of Questions : 6 to 7

Questions Appear Rate : 3 to 4

Repeat Rate : 32%

Blue
While blue is one of the most popular colors, it is one of the least appetizing. Food researchers say that when
humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or spoiled objects, which were often blue, black or purple.
When food dyed blue is served to study subjects, they lose appetite.

Carbon Emission
When countries assess their annual carbon emissions, they count up their cars and power stations, but bush
fires are not included – presumably because they are deemed to be events beyond human control. In Australia,
Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand hectares burn each year; in both 2004 and more recently, the
figure has been over one million hectares.

Tesla and Edison

Tesla's theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current electric power systems. Thomas Edison
promised him almost one million dollars in today's money to undertake motor and generator improvement. How-
ever, when Tesla, the ethical Serb, asked about the money, Edison’s reportedly reply was "Tesla, you don't
understand our American humor." The pair became arch-rivals.

Productive Capacity
The core of the problem was the immense disparity between the country's productive capacity and the ability of
people to consume. Great innovations in productive techniques during and after the war raised the output of
industry beyond the purchasing capacity of U.S. farmers and wage earners.

Father
Every morning, no matter how late he had been up, my father rose at five-thirty, went to his study, wrote for a
couple of hours, made us all breakfast, read the paper with my mother, and then went back to work for the rest of
the morning. Many years passed before I realized that he did this for a living.

Himalayas
Although it hails from a remote region of the western Himalayas, this plant now looks entirely at home on the
banks of English rivers, and colonized river banks and damp woodlands. In the Himalayas the plant is held in
check by various pests, but take these away and it grows and reproduces unhindered. Now it is spreading across
Europe, New Zealand, Canada and the US.

Pluto
Pluto lost its official status when the International Astronomical Union downsized the solar system from nine to
eight planets. Although there had been passionate debate at the General Assembly Meeting in Prague about the
definition of a planet, and whether Pluto met the specifications, the audience greeted the decision to exclude it
with applause.

Fiscal Year
At the beginning of each fiscal year funds are allocated to each State account in accordance with the University's
financial plan. Funds are allocated to each account by object of expenditure. Account managers are responsible
for ensuring that adequate funds are available in the appropriate object before initiating transactions to use the
funds.
Shakespeare
A young man from a small provincial town, a man without independent wealth, without powerful family connec-
tions and without a university education, moves to London in the fifteen eighties, and becomes a remarkable
playwright of all time. How is an achievement of magnitude made? How does Shakespeare become Shake-
speare?

Akimbo
Akimbo, this must be one of the odder-looking words in the language and puzzles us in part because it doesn't
seem to have any relatives. What's more, it is now virtually a fossil word, until recently almost invariably found in
arms akimbo, a posture in which a person stands with hands on hips and elbows sharply bent outward, one
signalling impatience or hostility.

Yellow
Yellow is considered as the most optimistic color, yet surprisingly, people lose their tempers most often in yellow
rooms and babies will cry more. The reason may be that yellow is the hardest color for eyes to take in, so it can
be overpowering if overused.

Elephant
The elephant is the largest living land mammal. During evolution, its skeleton has greatly altered from the usual
mammal, designed for two main reasons. One is to cope with the great weight of huge grinding cheek teeth and
elongated tusk, making the skull particularly massive. The other is to support the enormous bulk of such a huge
body.

Grand Canyon
Few things in the world produce such amazement as one's first glimpse of the Grand Canyon; it took around
more than 2 billion years to create this vast wonder in some places. 17 miles wide, largely through the relentless
force of the Colorado River, which runs 277 miles along its length and a mile beneath its towering rims.

Global Warming
Global warming is defined as an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. This trend
began in the middle of the 20th century and is one of the major environmental concerns of scientists and govern-
mental officials worldwide. The changes in temperature result mostly from the effect of increased concentrations
of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.

Lincoln
Lincoln's apparently radical change of mind about his war powers to emancipate slaves was caused by the
escalating scope of the war, which convinced him that any measure to weaken the Confederacy and strengthen
the Union war effort was justifiable as a military necessity.

Furniture
There are perhaps three ways of looking at furniture: some people see it as purely functional and useful, and
don't bother themselves with aesthetics; others see it as essential to civilized living and concern themselves with
design and how the furniture will look in a room. In other words, function combined with aesthetics; and yet
others see furniture as a form of art.
Modern buildings
Modern buildings have to achieve certain performance requirements, at least to satisfy those of building codes,
to provide a safe, healthy, and comfortable environment. However, these conditioned environments demand
resources in energy and materials, which are both limited in supply, to build and operate.

Historian
As a historian, if you really want to understand the sensibilities of those who lived in the past, you must be like
a novelist and get into the skins of your characters and think and feel as they do. You are asked to imagine
what it's like to be a peasant in medieval times, asking the sort of questions a peasant might ask. What the
writer is saying is that a historian needs imaginative sympathy with ordinary people in the past.

Energy and Pollution

Humans need to use energy in order to exist. So it is unsurprising that the way people have been producing
energy is largely responsible for current environmental problems. Pollution comes in many forms, but those that
are most concerning, because of their impact on health, result from the combustion of fuels in power stations and
cars.

Rehabilitation
The primary application we're targeting at first is to give people a decision aid during rehabilitation, following an
acute knee injury, to help them understand when they can perform particular activities, and when they can move
to different intensities of particular activities. A useful thing to take a crack at.

The Border
The border itself between Mexico and United States is fraught with a mix of urban and desert terrain and spans
over one thousand nine hundred miles. Both the uninhabited areas of the border and urban areas are where the
most drug trafficking and illegal crossings take place. Crime is prevalent in urban cities like El Paso, Texas and
San Diego, California.

Networking
Networking is easy and fun because it taps into this human predilection to talk about ourselves when asked.
Consider successful networking as little more than the process of guiding a person to tell you about his life, what
he's doing, the company that employs him, and his current industry.

Hunted Species
It's not that human activities didn't impact wildlife at all of course. Heavily hunted species, like white-tailed deer,
grey squirrels, and raccoons, were photographed somewhat less often in hunted areas. Coyotes showed up more
often in hunted areas. While most species didn't avoid hiking trails, the predators actually preferred them.

Microbes
Such cross-protection is usually seen between two animals. But Gore studies the same sort of mutualism in
microbes. He and his team demonstrated the first experimental example of that cross-protective relationship in
drug-resistant microbes, using two strains of antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria: one resistant to ampicillin, the
other to chloramphenicol.
Botanic Garden
Botanic gardens are scientific and cultural institutions established to collect, study, exchange, and display plants
for research and for the education and enjoyment of the public. There are major botanic gardens in each capital
city. Zoological parks and aquariums are primarily engaged in the breeding, preservation, and display of native
and exotic fauna in captivity.

Hemingway’s Lifestyle
It is difficult to tell whether the speaker approves of Hemingway's lifestyle or not. He was famously macho and
spent a lot of time hunting wild animals, going to wars and getting into fights. All these things got into his books,
and the speaker thinks that this is not necessarily a good thing as it means that too many people prefer to read
about his life than read his books.

Augustus
Augustus was given the powers of an absolute monarch, but he presented himself as the preserver of republican
traditions. He treated the Senate, or state council, with great respect, and was made Consul year after year. He
successfully reduced the political power of the army by retiring many soldiers, but giving them land or money to
keep their loyalty.

Industrial Revolution
As to the Industrial Revolution, one cannot dispute today the fact that it has succeeded in inaugurating in a
number of countries a level of mass prosperity which was undreamt of in the days preceding the Industrial
Revolution. But, on the immediate impact of Industrial Revolution, there were substantial divergences among
writers.

Vanilla
The uniquely scented flavor of vanilla is second only to chocolate in popularity on the world's palate. It's also the
second most expensive spice after saffron. But highly labor-intensive cultivation methods and the plant's temper-
amental life cycle and propagation mean production on a global scale is struggling to keep up with the increasing
demand for the product.

Teacher’s instruction
In classes, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The information that they provide will be
important to know when you take tests. You must be able to take good written notes from what your teacher
says.

Private Equity
It isn't rare for private equity houses to hire graduates fresh out of business schools, but nine times out of ten,
the students who nab these jobs are the ones who had private equity experience before even starting their MBA
program.
No ordinary book
This book is no ordinary book and should not be read through from beginning to end. It contains many different
adventures, and the path you take will depend on the choices you make along the way. The success or failure of
your mission will hinge on the decisions you make, so think carefully before choosing.

MBA
Exhilarating, exhausting and intense. There are just some of the words used to describe doing an MBA. Every-
one's experience of doing MBA is, of course, different through denying that it's hard and a demanding work
whichever course you do. MBA is one of the fastest growing areas of studying in the UK so that there must be a
sustainable benefit to be gained from such pain.

Legal Writing
Legal writing is usually less discursive than writing in other humanities subjects, and precision is more important
than variety. Sentence structure should not be too complex; it is usually unnecessary to make extensive use of
adjectives or adverbs, and consistency of terms is often required.

Semiconductor
The semiconductor industry has been able to improve the performance of electronic systems for more than four
decades by making ever-smaller devices. However, this approach will soon encounter both scientific and techni-
cal limits, which is why the industry is exploring a number of alternative device technologies.

Two Sisters
Two sisters were at a dinner party when the conversation turned to upbringing. The elder sister started to say
that her parents had been very strict and that she had been rather frightened of them. Her sister, younger by two
years, interrupted in amazement. "What are you talking about?" she said, "Our parents were very lenient."

Weakness
Weakness in electronics, auto and gas station sales dragged down overall retail sales last month, but excluding
those three categories, retailers enjoyed healthy increases across the board, according to government figures
released Wednesday. Moreover, December sales numbers were also revised higher.

Japanese tea ceremony

The Japanese tea ceremony is a ritual tour influenced by Buddhism in which green tea is prepared and served to
a small group of guests in a peaceful setting. The ceremony can take as long as four hours and there are many
traditional gestures that both the server and the guest must perform.

Russia
Long isolated from Western Europe, Russia grew up without participating in the development like the Reforma-
tion that many Europeans taking pride in their unique culture, find dubious value. Russia is, as a result, the most
unusual member of European family, if indeed it is European at all. The question is still open to debate, particu-
larly among Russians themselves.
Marketing Management
For any marketing course that requires the development of a marketing plan, such as Marketing Management,
Marketing Strategy and Principles of Marketing. This is the only planning handbook that guides students through
step by step creations of a customized marketing plan while offering commercial software to aid in the process.

21st century
The beginning of the twenty-first century will be remembered, not for military conflicts or political events, but for
a whole new age of globalization, a "flattening" of the world. The explosion of advanced technologies now means
that suddenly knowledge pools and resources have connected all over the planet, leveling the playing field as
never before.

Orientalists
Orientalists, like many other nineteenth-century thinkers, conceive of humanity either in large collective terms or
in abstract generalities. Orientalists are neither interested in nor capable of discussing individuals; instead,
artificial entities predominate. Similarly, the age-old distinction between "Europe" and "Asia" or "Occident" and
"Orient" herds beneath very wide labels of every possible variety of human plurality, reducing it in the process to
one or two terminal collective abstractions.

Australian English
Australians speak English of course. But for many tourists and even some locals, Australian English has only
tenuous links with the mother tongue. Our speech is peppered with words and phrases whose arcane meanings
are understood only by the native speaker. It is these colorful colloquialisms that Australian slang is yet to truly
explain.

Statistical Information
The provision of accurate and authoritative statistical information strengthens our society. It provides a basis for
decisions to be made on public policy, such as determining electoral boundaries and where to locate schools and
hospitals. It allows businesses to know their market, grow their business, and improve their marketing strategies
by targeting their activities appropriately.

Electric Car
First-year university students have designed and built a groundbreaking electric car that recharges itself. Fifty
students from the University of Sydney‘s Faculty of Engineering spent five months working together bits of
plywood, foam and fiberglass to build the concept car. They developed the specifications and hand built the car.
It's a pretty radical design: a four-wheel drive with a motor in each wheel.

The Preparation of Abstract

The preparation of abstracts is an intellectual effort, requiring general familiarity with the subject. To bring out
the salient points of an author's argument calls for skill and experience. Consequently, a considerable amount of
qualified manpower that could be used to advantage in other ways must be diverted to the task of facilitating
access to information.
Shrimp
Shrimp farmers used to hold animals in nursery ponds for 30 to 60 days; now they try to move them into grow-
out ponds in less than 30 days. This reduces stress on the animals and dramatically increases survivals in the
grow-out ponds. Many farms that abandoned nursery ponds have gone back to them, and the results have been
surprisingly positive. They're using the old, uncovered, earthen, nursery ponds.

Environmental Policy Course

Along with customary classes on subjects such as finance, accounting, and marketing, today's MBA students are
enrolling on courses for environmental policy and stewardship. Indeed, more than half of business schools
require a course in environmental sustainability or corporate social responsibility, according to a survey of 91 US
business schools, published in October 2005.

Public Demand for Education

Public demand for education has remained strong, reflecting the importance of education as a means of social
progress. Aware of the added value of education to the world of work, the government continues to innovate and
update the education system in order to produce a qualified and competent workforce.

Business School Admissions

Business school admissions officers said the new drive to attract younger students was in part the result of a
realization that they had inadvertently limited their applicant pool by requiring several year's work experience.
Talented students who might otherwise have gone to business school instead opted for a law or policy degree
because they were intimidated by the expectation of work experience.

Online Shopping Environments

A unique characteristic of online shopping environments is that they allow vendors to create retail interfaces with
highly interactive features. One desirable form of interactivity from a consumer perspective is the implementation
of sophisticated tools to assist shoppers in their purchase decisions by customizing the electronic shopping
environment to their individual preferences.

Bookkeepers
A national study into fraud by bookkeepers employed at small and medium-sized businesses has uncovered
sixty-five instances of theft in more than five years, with more than thirty-one million dollars stolen. Of the cases
identified by the research, 56 involved women and nine instances involved men. However, male bookkeepers
who defrauded their employers stole three times, on average, the amount that women stole.

Domestic Work
Traditional divisions of domestic work are understood to persist because of the strong association of the home
with femininity and paid work with masculinity, to challenge who does what in the home is arguably equivalent to
challenging what it is to be a woman or a man.
The Only Family
Imagine living all your life as the only family on your street. Then, one morning, you open the front door and
discover houses all around you. You see neighbors tending their gardens and children walking to school. Where
did all the people come from? What if the answer turned out to be that they had always been there, you just
hadn't seen them?

The Most Measurable Benefit

Perhaps the most measurable benefit of the program has been the opportunity to meet in small groups, some-
thing that is difficult to arrange in such a desperate organization. Many officers would have to work together for
thirty years but would not know each other's strengths and weaknesses.

Teenage Girls
Teenage girls are continuing to outperform boys in English while the gender gap in achievements in math and
science has almost disappeared. The figures show that last year eighty percent of fourteen-year-old girls
reached at least the expected Level Five in English, compared with sixty-five percent of boys. But in math, the
girls are just one percent ahead of boys, while in science the difference is two percent.

Black Swan
Before the discovery of Australia, people in the old world were convinced that all swans were white, an unassail-
able belief as it seemed completely confirmed by empirical evidence. The sighting of the first black swan might
have been an interesting surprise for a few ornithologists, but that is not where the significance of the story lies.

Important Values of Literature

Certainly, one of the important values of literature is that it nourishes our emotional lives. An effective literary
work may seem to speak directly to us especially if we are ripe for it. The inner life that good writers reveal in
their characters often gives us glimpses of some portion of ourselves. We can be moved to laugh, cry, tremble,
dream, ponder, shriek, or rage with a character by simply turning the page instead of turning our lives upside
down.

Internal Combustion Engine

Internal combustion engine enables the driver to decide which source of power is appropriate for the travel
requirements of a given journey. Major US auto manufacturers are now developing feasible hybrid electric vehi-
cles, and some are exploring fuel-cell technology for their electric cars.

Sustainable Agriculture
Since its inception, the UN system has been working to ensure adequate food for all through sustainable agricul-
ture. The majority of the world's poorest people live in rural areas of developing countries. They depend on
agriculture and related activities for their livelihoods. This makes them particularly vulnerable to man-made and
natural influences that reduce agricultural production.
Recycle
When we recycle, used materials are converted into new products, reducing the need to consume natural
resources. If used materials are not recycled, new products are made by extracting fresh, raw material from the
Earth, through mining and forestry. Recycling helps conserve important raw materials and protects natural
habitats for the future.

Method of learning
There is no single method of learning that guarantees success. How we learn that depends on many different
factors. What works best for you will not necessarily be the same as the approach used for the other students
even if they study the same course. We are all unique as learners, although some patterns emerge from any
groups of students.

Electronic Discourse
Electronic discourse is one form of interactive electronic communication. In this study, we reserve the term for
the two-directional texts in which one person using a keyboard writes language that appears on the sender's
monitor and is transmitted to the monitor of a recipient, who responds by a keyboard.

Magnetar
The best comparison is likely a magnetar, a young neutron star with a powerful magnetic field, the researchers
said. Magnetars also produce bright X-ray flares. While magnetars are thought to be young stars, the two flaring
objects in this study reside near elliptical galaxies, which contain older stars. So the objects are likely too old to
be magnetars, the researchers said.

Examination Candidates
The department determines whether or not the candidate has passed the examination. In cases where an
appearance for the final public oral examination would constitute a substantial financial hardship for the candi-
date, the director of graduate studies, may recommend to the dean of the Graduate School for a virtual ,
video-conferenced examination of the candidate.

Companies
Companies will want to be known not just for the financial results they generate, but equally for the imprint they
leave on society as a whole. First, ensuring that their products contribute positively. Second, operating in a way
that approaches a net-neutral impact to the natural environment. And third, cherishing their people.

Constellation
A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of stars forms an imaginary outline or pattern,
typically representing an animal, mythological person or creature, or an inanimate object. The origins of the
earliest constellations likely go back to prehistory.

Global Financial Crisis

New research shows that during the global financial crisis, workers who stayed in jobs did not reduce their
working hours, despite the claims that cuts in hours have led to job losses. A study found that the life of people
who stayed with the same employer remained relatively unchanged.
Brain hemispheres
The brain is divided into its hemispheres by a prominent groove. At the base of this lies nerve fibers which
enable these two halves of the brain to communicate with each other. But the left hemisphere usually controls
movement and sensation in the right side of the body, while the right hemisphere similarly controls the left side
of the body.

Publication
For the first two or three years after the Second World War, a new title would often sell out within a few months
of publication. However, unless public demand for the book was unusually high, they were rarely able to reprint
it. With paper stocks strictly rationed, they could not afford to use up precious paper or tie up their limited capital
with a reprint.

Scientific evidence
The latest scientific evidence on the nature and strength of the links between diet and chronic diseases is
examined and discussed in detail in the following sections of this report. This section gives an overall view of the
current situation and trends in chronic diseases at the global level.

Jacobson
It was found that while many companies express interest in Jacobson's use case approach, actual scenario
usage often falls outside what is described in textbooks and standard methodologies. Users therefore face
significant scenario management problems not yet addressed adequately in theory or practice, and are demand-
ing solutions to these problems.

Australian Mining Industries

Australia has one of the world's most important mining industries. It is a major exporter of coal, iron ore, gold,
bauxite, and copper, and is self-sufficient in all minerals bar petroleum. Since the first discoveries of coal in
1798, mineral production has risen every year; in the decade to 1992, it doubled.

Chasing the Flame

Yet it is precisely in observing the intertwinings of success and failure that Chasing the Flame makes its greatest
mark. With piercing insight and relentless logic, it reveals the pitfalls of international politics and details an
intricate struggle between individual and institution. It haunts us with the poignant truth that even a great man
can do only so much to reinvent the world.

A thesis
A thesis is a claim that you can argue for or against. It should be something that you can present persuasively
and clearly in the scope of your paper, so keep in mind the page count. If possible, your thesis should also be
somewhat original.

US Automobile market
The United States is at present the world's market for motor cars and trucks. An agent for the U.S. Bureau of
Foreign and Domestic Commerce reports a prosperous condition of affairs prevailing in Japan, which is buying
more automobiles, especially large cars, than ever before.
Moon
The asteroid that slammed into the moon 3.8 billion years ago creating the Imbrium Basin may have had a
diameter of at least 150 miles, according to a new estimate. The work helps explain puzzling geological features
on the moon's near side, and has implications for understanding the evolution of the early solar system.

Telecommunication
Today, telecommunication is widespread and devices that assist the progress are common in many parts of the
world. There is also a vast array of networks that connect these devices, including computer, telephone and
cable networks. Computer communication across the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging, is just one
of many examples of telecommunication.

Deaf children
Deaf children learning a language could certainly pursue the development of listening and spoken language skills
if desired, and doing so would carry much less risk knowing the child would have mastery in at least one
language. If a child does not succeed in mastering either a spoken language or a sign language, we must then
ask how much benefit the child derived from interventions in each language relative to the amount of time and
resources dedicated to those interventions

Summary and abstract

The terms summary and abstract are often used interchangeably resulting in some confusion. This problem
arises because there are two distinct types of abstracts, descriptive and informative. The informative abstract is
sometimes called summary; the descriptive is not. The descriptive abstract is usually only two or three sentences
in length, hence it is not a summary or very informative.

Food is important
Food is one of the most important things you'll ever buy. And yet most people never bother to think about their
food and where it comes from. People spend a lot more time worrying about what kind of blue jeans to wear,
what kind of video games to play, what kind of computers to buy.

Microscopic invaders
We all know about bacteria, viruses, and microscopic protozoa. We can watch the way that these tiny agents
move into our bodies and damage our organs. We have a growing understanding of how our body mounts defen-
sive strategies that fight off these invaders, and have built some clever chemical that can help mount an assault
on these bio-villains.

Conservation scientists
Conservation scientists have long tried to map how much of the planet remains undegraded by human activity.
Previous estimates using satellite imagery or raw demographic data found anywhere from 20 to 40 percent of the
globe was free from obvious human incursions, such as roads, light pollution or the gaping scars of deforesta-
tion. But an intact forest canopy can hide an emptied-out ecosystem below.
Quotes
Many papers you write in college will require you to include quotes from one or more sources. Even if you
don't have to do it, integrating a few quotes into your writing can add life and persuasiveness to your
arguments. The key is to use quotes to support a point you're trying to make rather than just include them to
fill space.

Sleep behavior
Sleep behavior is also known as sleep disorder. People with sleep disorder often talk or walk in their sleep. They
are not aware of what they are talking about or where they are going. There aren't any serious effects on the
body in general but it may be connected to mental health. People with childhood trauma, unspeakable problems
or depression are the ones with different sleep behaviors.

Physical Activity
Participating regularly in physical activity has been shown to benefit an individual's health and wellbeing. Regular
physical activity is important in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and stroke, obesity,
diabetes and some forms of cancer. The National Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults recommends at least 30
minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, preferably every day of the week, to obtain health benefits.

Artificial Neural Networks

Artificial Neural Networks have recently become the state-of-the-art technique for crucial signal processing
applications such as specific frequency classification, structural health monitoring, disease detection in power
electronics circuitry and motor-fault detection. This is an expected outcome as there are numerous advantages of
using adaptive and compact deep counterparts, which can be efficiently trained with a limited dataset of signals,
besides requiring data transformation.

Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical
processes, physiological mechanisms and evolution. Certain unifying concepts consolidate it into a single and
coherent field that recognizes genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels
creation and extinction.

Data-driven
These decisions are highly nuanced. Of course, we use a lot of data to inform our decisions, but we also rely
very heavily on iteration, research, testing, intuition and human empathy. Now, sometimes the designers who
work on these products are called "data-driven," which is a term that totally drives us bonkers. The fact is, it
would be irresponsible of us not to rigorously test our designs when so many people are counting on us to get it
right.

Ozone ascents
A total of five ozone ascents were taken at Indian mission Antarctica from April to June 2016 (two thousand and
sixteen). As stratospheric temperatures reduced to -82.24°C (negative eighty-two point twenty-four degree
Celsius) on the twentieth of June 2016 (two thousand and sixteen) indicating the formation of stratospheric
clouds, leading scientists feared that Montreal Accord has not succeeded to control the emission of ozone-
depleting gases in the atmosphere.
Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin and his brother Sydney were placed in an orphanage at a very early age. Becoming a vaudeville
performer, he joined Fred Karno's company in 1906 (nineteen-o-six). He made his film debut in Making a Living
and introduced the famous seedy and soft-hearted gentleman-tramp routine, which became his hallmark. Numer-
ous films for various studios brought him world fame, all based on his mastery of pathos and slapstick acrobat-
ics.

Emigrants to North America

In the late 16th and 17th centuries, many English, French and Dutch emigrants went to North America in search
of gold and silver. But they did not find it. Instead, settlers were forced to support themselves by cultivating
crops that they could sell in Europe, like tobacco, indigo and rice.

Mature trees
The wonderful framework of mature trees creates a secluded enclosed atmosphere that unites a great variety of
plantings to inspire visitors in all seasons. Spring in the garden is marked by the leafing up and flowering of
trees and eruption of flowers in the bulb meadows and woodland understory.

Yellow Tulip
How do we imagine the unimaginable? If we're asked to think of an object - say, a yellow tulip – a picture imme-
diately forms in our mind's eye. But what if we try to imagine a concept such as the square root of negative
number?

The natural environment

The natural environment can be hazardous, and, with increased travel and leisure, people today are more likely
than ever to be exposed to potentially life-threatening conditions. Although the human body can adjust to
some extent, it cannot cope with poisons or prolonged exposure to extremes of environment.

Marijuana
Another administration option is to bake marijuana at a relatively low temperature to kill any dangerous
microorganisms and then allow that patient to eat it or drink it. Both of these methods of administration make
smoking the drug unnecessary. However, criticism of medical marijuana has also been raised because as a
natural plant, it cannot be patented and marketed by pharmaceutical companies and is unlikely to win wide-
spread medical acceptance.

Introvert and Extrovert

Introvert, or those of us with introverted tendencies, tends to recharge by spending time alone. They lose energy
from being around people for long periods of time, particularly large crowds. Extroverts, on the other hand, gain
energy from other people. Extroverts actually find their energy is sapped when they spend too much time alone.
They recharge by being social.
Aquaculture
Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans,
molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under
controlled conditions.

Carbon Emission
When countries assess their annual carbon emissions, they count up their cars and power stations, but bush
fires are not included – presumably because they are deemed to be events beyond human control. In Australia,
Victoria alone sees several hundred thousand hectares burn each year; in both 2004 and more recently, the
figure has been over one million hectares.

Trade Unions
Trade unions originated in Europe during the industrial revolution. Because of the machinery that had become
commonplace, skilled labour became less in demand so employers had nearly all of the bargaining power.
Employers mistreated the workers and paid them too little for the work they did. Trade unions were organised
that would help in the improvement of working conditions.

Introvert and Extrovert

Introvert, or those of us with introverted tendencies, tends to recharge by spending time alone. They lose energy
from being around people for long periods of time, particularly large crowds. Extroverts, on the other hand, gain
energy from other people. Extroverts actually find their energy is sapped when they spend too much time alone.
They recharge by being social.

History is selective
History is selective. What history books tell us about the past is not everything that happened, but what histori-
ans have selected. They cannot put in everything: choices have to be made. Choices must similarly be made
about which aspects of the past should be formally taught to the next generation in the shape of school history
lessons.

Tissues and organs

Tissues are grouped together in the body to form organs. These include the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, and
liver. Each body organ has a specific shape and is made up of different types of tissue that work together. For
example, the heart consists mainly of a specialized type of muscle tissue, which contracts rhythmically to provide
the heart's pumping action.

Hunter-gatherer
The life of a hunter-gatherer is indeed, as Thomas Hobbes said of the state of nature, 'solitary, poor, nasty,
brutish, and short'. In some respects, to be sure, wandering through the jungle bagging monkeys may be prefera-
ble to the hard slog of subsistence agriculture.
Long-Distance Fliers
Researchers think that long-distance fliers such as the American golden-plover and the white-rumped
sandpiper picked up the spores while lining their nests. Then when the birds arrive in new places they molt,
leaving behind the feathers and their precious cargo-to start growing again at the other end of the world.

Moods
Moods may also have an effect on how information is processed, by influencing the extent to which judges rely
on pre-existing, internal information, or focus on new, external information. Positive moods promote more
holistic and top-down processing style, while negative moods recruit more stimulus-driven and bottom-up
processing.

Major Breeding Areas

Major breeding areas and breeding islands are shown as dark green areas or darts. Open darts show no-
breeding records on islands and are also used for offshore sightings that are from ships or boats. Other areas
where species are not meant to be seen are pale green, with pale green hatching where records are usually
sparse.

Soil Samples
Investigators also compared those microbes with those living in fifty-two other soil samples taken from all around
the planet. The park had organisms that also exist in deserts, frozen tundra, forests, rainforests, and prairies.
Antarctica was the only area that had microbes that did not overlap with those found in Central Park. Only a
small percentage of the park's microbes were found to be already listed in databases.

Natural Selection
Charles Darwin published his paper "On the Origin of Species" in 1859. It is one of the most well-known pieces
of scientific literature in human history. In the paper, Darwin proposes the theory of natural selection. He states
that for any generation of any species, there will always be a struggle for survival. Individuals who are better
suited to the environment are "fitter", and therefore have a much higher chance of surviving and reproducing.
This means that later generations are likely to inherit these stronger genetic traits.

Succulent plants
Most succulent plants are found in regions where there is little rainfall, dry air, plenty of sunshine, porous soils,
and high temperatures during part of the year. These conditions have caused changes in plant structures, which
have resulted in greatly increased thickness of stems, leaves, and sometimes roots, enabling them to store
moisture from the infrequent rains.

Delta variant of coronavirus

As the Delta variant of coronavirus sweeps the US, businesses, universities and cities such as New York and
San Francisco have introduced vaccine mandates to boost uptake of jabs, but vaccine hesitancy remains high
and a cottage industry for bogus inoculation cards has emerged to help people get around the rules.
Summerhill School
Summerhill School was regarded with considerable suspicion by the educational establishment. Lessons were
optional for pupils at the school, and the government of the school was carried out by a School Council, of
which all the pupils and staff were members, with everyone having equal voting rights.

Beginning of the lecture

Don’t miss the very beginning of a lecture since that is often the most valuable part, for instance, because it
reviews previous lectures or outlines objectives and lecture structure. If you easily get distracted by other
students, sit near the front.

University
A university is a lot more than just classes and exams. University is a concept that offers you a host of
possibilities to develop both academically and personally. Find out about the different projects, clubs and
societies that are in your university. You will definitely find something you are interested in.

Private Equity
It isn't rare for private equity houses to hire graduates fresh out of business schools, but nine times out of ten,
the students who nab these jobs are the ones who had private equity experience before even starting their
MBA program.

The Hottest Ever Earth

The Earth just had the hottest month in recorded history, and it’s even worse than normal. The record comes
in a run of unprecedentedly hot months. Not only does it break through the all-time record set a year before, it
also continues a now 10-month long streak of months that are the hottest ever according to Nasa data. The
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration calculates temperatures slightly differently.

Book structure
Any writer must decide upon an order and a structure for a book in keeping with the reflexive nature of the
work. There are strong currents of reiteration in the book, with each iteration developing understandings of
research, theory, and practice as the story continues to unfold.

Our major conclusion

Our major conclusion is that the current measure needs to be revised. It no longer provides an accurate picture
of the differences in the extent of economic poverty among population groups or geographic areas of the
country, nor an accurate picture of trends over time.

An industry or workplace
An industry or workplace often has its own terms for certain items, places, or groups of people, and university is
no different. Here we have attempted to explain some of the terms you may come across on our websites that
are specific to higher education.
 More Topics
1). Terms for certain items
2). Tortoise
3). Attending the theater
4). Norms and values
5). Expression
6). Glamorous Person
7). Naming English
8). Sleep Apnea
9). Ozone ascents
10). Summary and abstract
11). Legal Writing
12) Diversity of Language
 REPEAT
SENTENCE

Total No. of Questions : 10 to 12

Questions Appear Rate : 3 to 4

Repeat Rate : 40%

1.1.A computer virus destroyed all my files.
2.A lot of agricultural workers came to the east end to look for alternative work.
3.A periodical is a publication that is issued regularly.
4.A preliminary bibliography is due the week before the spring break.
5.A study skill seminar is on for the students who require assistance.
6.A full bibliography is needed at the end of all the assignments.
7.All essays and seminar papers submitted must be emailed to your tutor.
8.All filed assignments should have a full list of bibliography.
9.All students and staff have access to printers and scanners.
10.All the assignments should be submitted by the end of this week.

11.Basketball was created in eighteen ninety one by a physician and a physical instruc-
tor.
12.Being a vegan means not consuming any animal product.
13.Conferences are always scheduled on the third Wednesday of the month.
14.Don't forget to hand in your assignments by the end of next week.
15.During the next few centuries, London became one of the most powerful and prosper-
ous cities in Europe.
16.African elephant is the largest living land mammal in the world.
17.Even with a permit, finding a parking spot on campus is almost impossible.
18.I will be in my office every day from ten to twelve.
19.I'll start with a brief history of the district, and then focus on life in the first half of the
20th century.
20.If you forgot your student number, you will need to contact Jenny Brice.

21.Journalism is the collection and publication or transmission of news.

22.Meeting with mentors could be arranged for students who need additional help.
23.Meteorology is a detailed study of earth's atmosphere.
24.Most assignments need to be submitted on the same day.
25.Our class is divided into two groups. You come with me, and the others just stay here.
26.To get further extension, you need to call the education executive on 401.
27.In this library, reserve collection books can be borrowed for up to three hours.
28.She is an expert in the eighteenth century French literature.
29.The author expresses views that modern readers do not readily accept.
30.The Internet provides unusual opportunities for students and current events.
31.The course comprises twenty hours of lectures, seminars, and tutorials per week.
32.The contest includes both land living history and the human history.
33.The course registration opens in early March for new students.
34.The first few sentences of an essay should capture the reader's attention.
35. The minimal mark for Distinction to be awarded is 75%.
36.The original Olympic Games were celebrated as religious festivals.
37.The part of the story is the story of my father.
38.The Psychology Department is looking for volunteers to be involved in research proj-
ects.
39.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.
40.We are delighted to have professor Robert to join our faculty.

41.We offer a broad range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

42.You should raise your concern with the head of school.
43.A demonstrated ability to write clear, correct and concise English is bigotry.
44.Globalization has been an overwhelming urban and urbanization phenomenon.
45.We're constantly looking for ways to bring industry and agriculture close together.
46.I can't attend the lecture because I have a doctor's appointment.
47.I'm glad you got here safely.
48.Newspapers across the country have been reporting stories of the president.
49.Students will not be given credits for assignments submitted after the due date.
50.The first person in space was from the Soviet Union.

51.Unfortunately, the two most interesting economic selective subjects clash on my time-
table.
52.We should take gender into account when analyzing the data.
53.Companies are to earn money but not change society.
54.To answer such a complex question with a simple yes or no is absolutely impossible.
55.Assignments should be submitted to the department office before the deadline.
56.By clicking this button, you agree with the terms and conditions of this website.
57.Nearly half of the television outputs are given away for educational programs.
58.Number the beakers and put them away before tomorrow.
59.Organic food is grown without applying chemicals and possesses no artificial addi-
tives.
60.Rules of breaks and lunch time vary from one company to another.
61.Student loans for higher education are now available for international students.
62.The library is located on the other side of the campus behind the student center.
63.The United States has developed a coffee culture in recent years.
64.The U.S. ranks the twenty second in foreign aid, given as a percentage of GDP.
65.What distinguishes him from others is his dramatic use of black and white photogra-
phy.
66.She doesn't even care about anything but what is honest and true.
67.Higher fees make students think more critically about what universities can offer.
68.Our university has strong partnerships with industry as well as collaborative relation-
ships with government bodies.
69.Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures.
70.All sources of materials must be included in your bibliography.

71.This lecture was meant to start at ten.

72.That country's economy is based primarily on tourism.
73.Students who wish to apply for an extension should approach their tutors.
74.The genetic biology technology lab is located in the North Wing of the library.
75.Expertise in particular areas distinguishes you from other graduates.
76.In my free time, I would like to read current affairs and newspapers.
77.You can retake the module if your marks are too low.
78.Restricted scholarships target principally at the students with specific goals.
79.You can pay by cash or using a credit card.
80.The cafeteria closes soon, but snack machines are accessible throughout the night

81.Acupuncture is a technique involved in traditional Chinese medicine.

82.In consultation with your supervisor, your thesis is approved by the faculty committee.
83.The number of companies in bankruptcy skyrocketed in the third quarter.
84.Fishing is a sport and a means for surviving.
85.Please sort and order the presentation slides according to the topic and the speech
time.
86.Contemporary critics dismissed his idea as eccentric.
87.The brain can be called the central computer of the body.
88.Our capacity to respond to national needs will determine our ability to flourish.
89.The health centre is situated at the corner of the university behind the library.
90.Ideally, free trade is beneficial for trading with two partners.
91.We can meet in my office after the lecture.
92.Students should take advantage of the online help system before approaching their
lecturers.
93.Presentation skills are important to both university and the workplace.
94.The main sports on campus are rugby, soccer, and tennis.
95.The field training will start soon, so pack everything before the deadline.
96.Remember your essay should be less than two thousand words.
97.I think your watch is fast. You need to reset it.
98.The university policy on plagiarism can be viewed on the website.
99.There is not enough space for me in the car.
100.Animals grow larger and stronger to help them hunt better.

101.Professor Gordon just called me a few minutes ago.

102.All students must return the books to the college library before the end of the term.
103.Note that the deadline for the submission of proposals has been extended for a
week.
104.Today's lecture is canceled because the lecturer is ill.
105.It is of the utmost importance that you follow the ethical guidelines.
106.When I study, I will underline all the main points in my notes.
107.The investigation aims to find the stand of the problem.
108.It seems that science can satisfactorily explain why the universe still exists.
109.Several documents must be supplied to the university to fulfill certain requirements.
110.Computer failure is not an excuse for not submitting assignments on time.

111.For further information, you need to contact a member of our administration team.
112.Most universities have libraries with digital and physical copies of journals.
113.Students may not use calculators in the final exams.
114.The first draft of the presentation is almost ready.
115.I have lectures on Tuesdays from nine o’clock until two o’clock.
116.In Russia, my colleagues said my written language is hard to understand.
117.Would you pass me the textbook on that table?
118.You may use your student identification card to borrow books at the library.
119.Companies should do more to limit the amount of harmful gases released into the
atmosphere.
120.We heard the argument against from several perspectives.
121.Making a profit and protecting the environment needn't be separate aims.
122.Keeping organized class notes will make study time more efficient.
123.My favorite sports are soccer, tennis and basketball.
124.It is important to take gender into account when discussing the figures.
125.It's time to finalize the work before the Wednesday seminar.
126.There are lots of students competing for the places in computer courses.
127.There will be a guest lecturer visiting the psychology department next month.
128.The study of archaeology requires extensive international fieldwork.
129.I will be in my office every day from eleven o'clock to two o’clock.
130.If she doesn't speak the language, she will not sit around and wait for a translator.

131.The hypothesis on the black hole is rendered moot as the explanation for the explo-
sion.
132.Don't hesitate to email me if you have any questions.
133.The rules on breaks and lunch hours vary from company to the next.
134.It's within the framework that we carry out our survey.
135.The geography assignments must be submitted by the midday of Friday.
136. A preliminary bibliography is due the week before spring break.
137. She is an expert in eighteenth century French literature.
138. Student loans for higher education are now available for international students.
139. Higher fees make students think more critically about what universities can offer.
140. We have three distinctive libraries which are nationally acclaimed.

141. Students can choose graduate certificate, graduate diploma and master course.
142. The information you need for this meeting is on the website.
143. Our school of Arts and Technology accepts applications at all points throughout the
year.
144. All undergraduate students should participate in the seminar.
145. I've got a tutorial in an hour and I haven't had any time to prepare for it.
146. The lecture on child's psychology has been postponed until Friday.
147. Key aspects of this investigative paradigm may prove useful in other spheres.
148. The examples on the theory of social capital were a challenge to grasp.
149. All postgraduate students in the department are encouraged to participate in these
seminars.
150. It's a great privilege to welcome our guest speaker to our college.
151. Tomorrow evening, there's a panel discussion on sustainable development.
152. We did not think there is any notable variance between two of the three tests.
153. Hypothetically, insufficient mastery of comprehension slows future progress.
154. Each group should submit a rough outline of their project to their tutor.
155. These developments are discussed in more depth in Chapter nine.
156. Anatomy is the study of the body's internal and external structures.
157. The professor plans to discuss issues in the news that reflect concepts taught in
class.
158. Speaking one or more foreign languages will be useful in your career.
159. One of the first mass transit systems was located in France.
160. All the works you consult need to be mentioned in the bibliography.

161. All necessary information is in the assignment.

162. Students are so scared of writing essays because they have never learned how.
163. The initial results are intriguing; however, statistically speaking they are
insignificant.
164. To receive the reimbursement, you must keep the original receipts.
165. We are not going to accept the assignment after the due date on Friday.
166. Due to the rising demand for courses, the university should also increase their
academic staff, too.
167. Our young people need education and more organized activities.
168. In our university, students have access to thirteen college libraries.
169. The negative discourse continues to be predominant in discussions about gender.
170. Please explain what the author means by "sustainability".

171. Tomorrow's lecture has been canceled due to the power cut.
172. In the last few weeks, we've been looking at various aspects of the social history of
London.
173. The portfolio is due at the internal review office no later than Tuesday.
174. The agricultural sector in that country is heavily subsidized.
175. Students can share their lunch during the break around noon.
176. It is argued that students can learn more collaborating rather than as individuals.
177. Living in the 21st century is increasingly stressful.
178. This framework will allow us to pose further research questions more systematical-
ly.
179. Read the safety instructions before using the equipment during the workshop.
180. Please make sure you use the standard form of quotation.
181. But they haven't come into widespread use yet.
182. Please read the article that was given out yesterday.
183. Compiling a bibliography can present a major challenge for some students.
184. By logging in, you agree to all terms and conditions regarding your enrollment.
185. We weren't able to agree on the appropriate independent variables.
 DESCRIBE
IMAGE

Total No. of Questions : 3 to 4

Questions Appear Rate : 2 to 3

Repeat Rate : 40%

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.
7. 8.

9. 10.

11. 12.
13. 14.

15. 16.

17. 18.
19. 20.

How Virus Works ?

21. 22.

23. 24.
25. 26.

27. 28.

29. 30.
31. 32.

33. 34.

35. 36.
 ANSWER
SHORT QUESTIONS

Total No. of Questions : 5 to 6

Questions Appear Rate : 2 to 3
Repeat Rate : 40%
1.A business doesn’t want to make a loss - what does it want to make? - - Profit
2.What would call a doctor who sells prescribed medicines? - - Pharmacist / Chemist.
3.What is the legal document protecting someone's intellectual property? - - Patent
4.What is the ceremony where two people get married? - -Wedding.
5.How many years are there in a millennium? - One thousand.
6.What is the synonym of destiny? - - Fate.
7.If you need to use a different currency, what do you need to do? - - Exchange.
8.In addition to A, E, what are the other three vowel letters? - - I, O, U.
9.What is the word to describe the process of bringing goods from foreign countries and
then selling it in this country? - - Import.
10.What do you call a group of mountains? - - Range.

11.What is the opposite of majority? - Minority

12.What are winter, spring, summer and autumn? - - Seasons
13.What do we call a period of 100 years? - - Century
14.What do we call the alphabetical list, at the end of the book that tells you where to
find specific information?- - Index
15.What is the summary at the beginning of an academic paper called? - - Abstract
16.What do you call a very long essay, that students have to write for a doctor's degree?
- —Thesis or dissertation
17.Who is the person who works in a hospital and can do operations? - – Surgeon.
18.What does the acronym A.S.A.P stand for? - – As soon as possible
19.When you bake a cake, where do you put the tray into? - Oven.
20.What instrument is used for measuring temperature? - Thermometer

21.What are the joints called when your legs meet the rest of your body? - - Hip.
22.When it’s raining, what object would you raise over your head? - - Umbrella.
23.What kind of protector does a motorbike rider wear to protect his head? - –Helmet
24.What do you call a period of ten years? - – A decade
25.What do we call the site of a college or university's buildings? - - Campus
26.Where would you go to see an exhibition of art works? - Gallery
27.Which sweet food do bees produce? - – Honey
28.Who is a person that makes bread, cakes and pastries? - – Baker
29.In what industry do you work if your job is to extract minerals from below the Earth's
surface? - - Mining
30.What is the private teacher who gives you lessons outside school hours? - - Tutor
31.In what room do scientists usually do experiments? - Laboratory.
32.What do you call the red liquid that transports oxygen through your body? - - Blood.
33.What is the word for a book that someone writes in order to tell the story of their own
life? - - Autobiography.
34.What is the act of sending goods to another country for sale called? - - Export.
35.What are the mountains that can erupt? - - Volcano.
36.What shape has four sides of the same length? - - Square
37.What is the line where the sky meets the land? - Horizon.
38.How would you describe the process when snow becomes water? - - Thaw.
39.What's the relationship between two people sharing the same opinion? - - Agreement.
40.What do the following belong to: roses, daisies, tulips, etc? - - Flowers

41.What does IT stand for? - – Information Technology

42.What are apartments, houses, and flats called? - - Properties
43.What do we call a person who studies the past? - – Historian
44.How would you describe someone who can speak two languages? - – Bilingual.
45.Which organ is the blood pumped from? - - Heart.
46.What is the horizontal line that separates the globe into two same halves? - -
Equator.
47.What word means the opposite of artificial? - - Natural.
48.What do we call trouser-like clothing worn for sports that ends above the knee? - -
Shorts.
49.What are the two holes in your nose that you use to breathe? - - Nostrils.
50.Which part of a birds’ body is used for flying? - - Wings.

51.What do we call a car that uses two types of fuels? - – Hybrid car.
52.If a magazine is published quarterly, how many times a year is it published? - - Four
53.What do you throw underwater to keep ships staying on rivers or oceans without
drifting away? - - Anchor.
54.What is the occupation that transfers one language to another language? - -
Translator.
55.What do you call the two children who were born at the same time? - Twins.
56.What do you call a baby cat? - Kitten.
57.What do you call a photograph of a person's face seen from the side? - - Profile.
58.What do you hear after a flash of lightning? - - Thunder.
59.What do people usually use to cut food? - Knife
60.Some people use right hands to write, then who are the people using left hands to
write? - Left-handed / Lefty / Sinistral
61.Number 1, 3, 5, 7 are odd numbers, then what are number 2, 4, 6? - Even numbers.
62.What do you call a health professional who can help you with your mental health?
- - Psychologist.
63.When we say someone is doing the B.A. in history or literature in the university, what
does B.A. stand for? - - Bachelor of Arts.
64.What do you call the five parts at the front of your foot? - - Toes
65.Where do marine animals live? - - Ocean / Sea.
66.What is the legal relationship between a husband and wife? - - Marriage.
67.How to describe the two lines that have crossed each other and never meet again?
- - Intersecting lines.
68.What do you call young dogs? - - Puppies.
70.What object have three legs that can provide a support for a camera or a telescope? -
- Tripod.

71.What star does the Earth moves around? - - Sun.

72.A sabbatical is a lengthy time away from what type of activity? - - Teaching
73.What is the name for the remains of an Animal or plant preserved in rock? - - Fossil.
74.What is the word for the arguments presented in court by the person accused of a
crime or their lawyer? - -Testimony.
75.In a circle, what is the straight line from the centre point to its outer edge? - - Radius.
76.What are the people who work on a ship or a plane? - - Crew.
77.What do you call the person who studies weather? - - Meteorologist.
78.What do we call a young cow? - - Calf.
79.Some calendars begin the week on Sunday, what is the other day which commonly
starts a week? - - Monday.
80.What does the word TV stand for? - Television.

81.What instrument do scientists use to see tiny elements that cannot been seen with
naked eyes? - – Microscope
82.What do you call someone who cannot see? - – Blind
83.What is the important document that can prove you are eligible to drive a car? - –
Driver's license
84.What is the study of stars and planet called? - – Astronomy
85.Which is the longest: a decade, a millennium or a century? - – A millennium
86.Which one of the following is not a mythological animal, unicorn, giraffe, dragon or
mermaid? - - Giraffe
87.What do you call the diagram which includes a horizontal line called the X-axis and a
vertical line called the Y-axis? - - Coordinate system.
88.What is the opposite of 'guilty'? - - Innocent.
89.When you are speeding on the road and pulled over by the police, what money would
you need to pay? - Fine.
90.When you have the primary, and the secondary, what do you have next? - - Tertiary.
90.When you have the primary, and the secondary, what do you have next? - - Tertiary.
91.What category do bees, butterflies, mosquitoes, and beetles belong to? - Insects.
92.If a company requires its employees to wear identical clothes, what is the clothing
called? - Uniform.
93.What is the main building of a large company or an organization? - Headquarters.
94.What is another name for religious study? - - Theology.
95.Who is the person who writes a piece of music, especially classic music? - -
Composer.
96.What is the antonym of maximum? - - Minimum
97.What do we call the line between the sunset and the sea? - - Horizon.
98. What would you call a specialist who repairs leaking water pipes? - - Plumber
99. At what ceremony do students receive their degree or diploma at the end of their
period of study? - - Graduation
100. Apples and cherries come under which category? - - Fruits

101. What do you call the person who faces you in a court? - - Judge
102. How would you call people who study ancient bones, rocks and plants?
- - Paleontologist.
103. In which direction does the Sun arise from? - - East
104. If someone has a couple of kids, how many kids does he have? - - Two
105. What is the word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as
another word in the same language? - - Synonym.
106. A newspaper is published every day, and a journal is published every month. What
do you call the publication that is published four times a year? - - Quarterly
107. What is the job that people fly an airplane? - - Pilot.
108. What would you call a doctor who treat sick animals? - - Vet.
109. What is the magazine that is dedicated to academic news? - - Academic journal.
110. Apart from addition, subtraction, and division, what is the other mathematical calcu-
lation method? - - Multiplication

111. When the sun is in the sky, what can you see under your body? - - Shadow
112. What is the behavior when an animal changes its color to match the environment for
protection? - - Camouflage
113. How many eggs are there in a dozen? - - 12
114. What is the name for students in universities who have not yet graduated? - - Un-
dergraduates.
115. What is the term to specifically describe either a brother or a sister? - - Sibling
116. What do we call the thread in the center of the candle? - - Wick
117. What do you call young dogs? - - Puppies
118. What do ophthalmologist specialize in? - - Eye operations
119. What could we call a natural disaster when the ground shakes violently? - - Earth-
quake
120. If Monday is the first day of the week, what is the fourth? - - Thursday
121. What is the summary at the beginning of an academic paper called? - - Abstract
122. What type of body covering helps to insulate burns? - - Dressing
123. What is the word for a narrow, tongue shaped piece of land that sticks out into the
sea? - - Peninsula
Summarize
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1. Plug-in vehicle
2. The Rosetta stone
3. American English
4. Malaysia Tourism
5. Orbital Debris
6. Columbus
7. Online teaching & online Learning
8. Oil Price Decline
9. Frog amber
10. Children Allowance
11. Technology Prediction
12. Computer Programming for America and India
13. Wine Industry
14. Written Language
15. Moving from City back to Countryside
16. Skip Breakfast
17. Crime rate
18. Plants research
19. Museology
20. Double Blind
21. Primary Carers
22. The Booksellers of Hookham and Carpenter
23. Compulsory Reburial of Human Remains
24. Australian indigenous food
25. Office environment
26. Paleolithic people
27. Pre-service teachers
28. Benefit of Honey to athletes
29. Phoenician
30. Psychology
31. Energy Demand
32. The Importance of Soil
33. Asda
34. Women’s Institutes
35. Different ways of learning languages
36. Raw Honey Health Benefits
37. Negotiation and compromise
38. Eater of animal flesh
39. South Africa
40. Independent workforce
41. Straw as building material
42. Brain waves
43. The National Oceanography Centre
44.Dandelion seeds
45. Water resource
46. 2014 Olympics 2014
47. Ageing in Australia
48. Geothermal Energy
49. The Greenland Sharks
50. Solar Power
51. Reading Aloud
52. Ethics
53. Is language natural?
54. Prior knowledge
55. Positive mindset
56. A flow state
 WRITING
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1 .It is argued that getting married before finishing school or getting a job is foolish. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

2. Some people think human behaviors can be limited by laws, others think laws have
little effect. What is your opinion?

3. Some employers involve employees in the decision-making process of products and

services. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such policy?

4. The formal written examination can be a valid method to assess students’ learning. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

5. It is often argued that studying overseas is overrated. There are many scholars who
study locally. Is travel a necessary component of quality education?

6. There is no value to travel overseas for study, as you can be a good scholar even
without leaving your home base. It is or isn’t necessary to travel overseas for a better
education?

7. Is travel an important component for a successful scholar? Some people think schol-
ars should read books and never need to leave their home. To which extend do you
agree? Explain why.

8.The disadvantages of tourism in less developed countries are as great as the advan-
tages. What is your opinion?

9. In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of extreme or adventure
sports?

10. Nowadays, more and more people engage in dangerous activities, such as sky diving
and motorcycling. Are you in favor of them? Why? Use examples to support your opinion.

11. The information revolution by modern mass communication has both positive and
negative consequences for individuals and for society.” To what extent do you agree?
Explain with your own experience.

12. Mass media, including TV and newspaper, have a great influence on humans, partic-
ularly on the younger generation. It has a pivotal role in shaping people's opinions. Dis-
cuss the extent you agree or disagree. Use your own experience or examples.
13. Climate change is a concerning global issue. Who should take the responsibilities,
governments, big companies
or individuals?

14.In the past 100 years, there have been many inventions, such as antibiotics,
airplanes, and computers. What doyou think is the most important of them? Why?

15. Should marketing in companies produce consumer goods like food and clothing,
place emphasis on reputation of the company or short-term strategies like discount and
special offers? Why?

16. You are given climate change as the field of study. Which area would you prefer?
Explain why you pick this particular area of your study and give an example in the area
you pick.

17. There are both problems and benefits for high school students study plays and works
of theatres written centuries ago. Discuss and use your own experience.

18. Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. What is your opinion on this? Do
you think this is a good or bad change?

19.There are more and more situations where credit cards are used instead of cash. The
idea of a cashless society seems to be becoming more of a reality. How realistic do you
think it is? What do you see as the potential benefits or problems?

20. The medical technology is responsible for increasing the average life expectancy. Do
you think it is a curse or a blessing?

21. Some people point that experiential learning (i.e. learning by doing) can work well in
formal education. However, others think a traditional form of teaching is the best. Do you
think experiential learning is beneficial in high school or college?

22. Should parents be held legally responsible for the actions of their children? Do you
agree with this opinion?Support your position with your own study, experience or obser-
vation.

23. Some universities deduct students’ marks if assignments are given late. What is your
opinion and give your recommendations?
24. In order to study effectively, it requires comfort, peace and time. So it is impossible
for a student to combine learning and employment at the same time, because one dis-
tracts the other. Is it realistic to combine them at the same time in our life today? Sup-
port your opinion with examples.

25. The world’s governments and organizations are facing a lot of issues. Which do you
think is the most pressing problem for the inhabitants on our planet?And give solutions.

26. How does the design of building affect, either positively or negatively, where people
work and live?

27. Some people argue that experience is the best teacher. Life experiences can teach
more effectively than books or formal school education. How far do you agree with this
idea? Support your opinion with reasons and/or your personal experience.

28. With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the library has become
obsolete. Universities should only procure digital materials rather than constantly update
textbooks. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your
own point of view.

29. As cities expanding, some people claim governments should look forward creating
better networks of public transportation available for everyone rather than building more
roads for vehicle owning population. What’s your opinion? Give some examples or expe-
rience to support.

30. The time people devote in job leaves very little time for personal life. How wide-
spread is the problem? What problem will this shortage of time cause?

31. Nowadays, it is increasingly more difficult to maintain the right balance between work
and other aspects of one’s life, such as time with family and leisure needs. How import-
ant do you think is this balance? Why do people find it hard to achieve?

32. In this technological world, the number of new inventions has been increasing.
Please describe a new invention,and determine whether it will bring advantages or dis-
advantages.

33. Television has many functions to play in everyone's life. For some it's relaxation; for
some, it is the companion. To what extent do you think the statement is true? Please
provide your argument and supporting evidence from your own experience.
 READING
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The Black Diamonds

An exotic type of diamond may have come to Earth from outer space, scientists say.
Called carbonado or "black" diamonds, the mysterious stones are found in Brazil and the
Central African Republic. They are unusual for being the color of charcoal and full of
frothy bubbles.

English class at Beijing Language Institute

There were twenty-six freshmen majoring in English at Beijing Language Institute in the
class of 1983. I was assigned to Group Two with another eleven boy and girls who has
come from big cities in China. I was told that language study required smallness so that
we would each get more attention from the skillful teachers. The better the school, the
smaller the class. I realized that my classmates were ready all talking in English, simple
sentences tossed out to each other in their red-faced introductions and carefree chat-
ting. Their intonations were curving and dramatic and their pronunciation refined and
accurate. But as I stretched to catch the drips and drops of their humming dialogue, I
couldn’t understand it all, only that it was English. Those words now flying before me
sounded a little familiar. I had read them and tried to speak them, but I had never heard
them spoken back to me in such a speedy, fluent manner. My big plan of beating the city
folks was thawing before my eyes.

Track Down Research

Having tracked down research that is relevant to your area of interest the next task is to
actually make sense of that research. This section is intended to show you how to be
critical of the research you are reviewing and how to check that the evidence is credible
and represented appropriately. Unfortunately this means discussing the
ways in which research findings may be misrepresented.

Genetically Modified Foods

Genetically modified foods provide no direct benefit to consumers; the food is not
noticeably better or cheaper. The greater benefit, proponents argue, is that genetic engi-
neering will play a crucial role in feeding the world's burgeoning population. Opponents
disagree, asserting that the world already grows more food per person than ever before
– more, even, than we can consume.
Estée Lauder

Leonard Lauder, chief executive of the company his mother founded, says she always
thought she "was growing a nice little business." And that it is. A little business that
controls 45% of the cosmetics market in U.S. department stores. A little business that
sells in 118 countries and last year grew to be $3.6 billion big in sales.
The Lauder family's shares are worth more than $6 billion. But early on, there wasn't a
burgeoning business, there weren't houses in New York, Palm Beach, Fla., or the south
of France. It is said that at one point there was one person to answer the telephones
who changed her voice to become the shipping or billing department as needed. You
more or less know the Estée Lauder story because it's a chapter from the book of Ameri-
can business folklore. In short, Josephine Esther Mentzer, daughter of immigrants, lived
above her father's hardware store in Corona, a section of Queens in New York City. She
started her enterprise by selling skin creams concocted by her uncle, a chemist, in
beauty shops, beach clubs and resorts. No doubt the portions were good
— Estée Lauder was a quality fanatic — but the saleslady was better. Much better. And
she simply outworked everyone else in the cosmetics industry. She stalked the bosses of
New York City department stores until she got some counter space at Saks Fifth Avenue
in 1948. And once in that space, she utilized a personal selling approach that proved as
potent as the promise of her skin regimens and perfumes.

Emerald

Emerald is defined by its green color. To be an emerald, a specimen must have a

distinctly green color that falls in the range from bluish green to green to slightly yellow-
ish green. To be an emerald, the specimen must also have a rich color. Stones with weak
saturation or light tone should be called “green beryl.” If the beryl‘s color is greenish
blue then it is an “aquamarine.” If it is greenish yellow it is “heliodor”.

This color definition is a source of confusion. Which hue, tone, and saturation combina-
tions are the dividing lines between "green beryl" and "emerald"? Professionals in the
gem and jewellery trade can disagree on where the lines should be drawn. Some believe
that the name "emerald" should be used when chromium is the cause of the green color,
and that stones colored by vanadium should be called "green beryl."
Calling a gem an "emerald" instead of a "green beryl" can have a significant impact upon
its price and marketability. This "color confusion" exists within the United States. In some
other countries, any beryl with a green color - no matter how faint - is called an "emer-
ald."
Australian Renewable Energy Agency

The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) has awarded $2.49 million to cover a
portion of the cost of acollaborative project led by the Australian Maritime College at the
University of Tasmania, in partnership with The University of Queensland and CSIRO.
The $5.85 million 'Tidal Energy in Australia - Assessing Resource and
Feasibility to Australia's Future Energy Mix' project will map the country's tidal energy in
unprecedented detail before assessing its ability to contribute to Australia's energy
needs. Lead chief investigator Associate Professor Irene Penesis from the University of
Tasmania said the project would help overcome barriers to investment in
commercial-scale tidal farms in Australia. 'With some of the largest tides in the world,
Australia is ideal for this extremely reliable and low-carbon form of energy,' she said.

Iceland Volcanic Events

On average, Iceland experiences a major volcanic event once every 5 years. Since the
Middle Ages, a third of all the lava that has covered the earth's surface has erupted in
Iceland. However, according to a recent geological hypothesis, this estimate does not
include submarine eruptions, which are much more extensive than those on
the land surface.

The Resultant force

The overall result of two or more forces acting on an object is called the resultant force
the resultant of two forces is a single force, which has the same effect as the two forces
combined. If two forces pull an object in opposite directions, the size of the resultant can
be found by subtracting one force from the other. If the forces are equal, they balance
each other.

Australian Renewable Energy Agency

The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) has awarded $2.49 million to cover a
portion of the cost of a collaborative project led by the Australian Maritime College at the
University of Tasmania, in partnership with The University of Queensland and CSIRO.
Lead chief investigator Associate Professor Irene Penesis from the University of Tasma-
nia said the project would help overcome barriers to investment in commercial-scale tidal
farms in Australia. 'With some of the largest tides in the world, Australia is ideal for this
extremely reliable and low-carbon form of energy,' she said.
Civil War

A Civil War reenactment is in part a memorial service. It is partly, too, a leisure activity.
Furthermore most reenactors assert an educational import to the performance, and to
develop their roles many pursue archival research with a rare dedication. On the other
hand Civil War reenactments are increasingly commercial spectacles, with as many as
fifty thousand Americans routinely gathering at (or near) historical Civil War battlefields
in order to stage performances that purport to recreate the conflict, while hundreds of
thousands more spectate (Hadden 1996:5). I will show how theoretical issues of
authenticity arise as practical problems in the Civil War reenactment community by pre-
senting my own observations from the 2006 Gettysburg reenactment and by relying on a
number of texts produced by participant-o servers. In particular I will refer to Robert Lee
Hodge, who was made famous by Tony Horwitz's 1996 book, Confederates in the Attic,
and who served as a kind of Virgil to the author on his journey through a Confederate
Valhalla. From these sources I will argue that 'Living History' performances require an
interpretive apparatus that takes genuine history as its authority, while remaining exter-
nal to both participants and tourists, who may well be unaware of how closely their own
involvement approximates genuine historical events.

Impact and management of purple loosestrife (New)

Recently, management of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), has been criticized for
lack of evidence demonstrating negative impacts of L. salicaria, and management using
biocontrol for lack of evidence documenting the failure of conventional control methods.
Although little quantitative evidence on negative impacts on native wetland biota and
wetland function was available at the onset of the control program in 1985, recent work
has demonstrated that the invasion of purple loosestrife into North American freshwater
wetlands alters decomposition rates and nutrient cycling, leads to reductions in wetland
plant diversity, reduces pollination and seed output of the native Lythrum alatum, and
reduces habitat suitability for specialized wetland bird species such as black terns, least
bitterns, pied-billed grebes, and marsh wrens. Conventional methods (physical, mechani-
cal or chemical), have continuously failed to curb the spread of purple loosestrife or
to provide satisfactory control.

Although a number of generalist insect and bird species utilize purple loosestrife, wet-
land habitat specialists are excluded by encroachment of L. salicaria. We conclude that
negative ecosystem impacts of purple loosestrife in North America justify control of the
species and that detrimental effects
Global Textile Industry

The environmental impact of the global textile industry is hard to overstate. One-third of
the water used worldwide is spent fashioning fabrics. For every ton of cloth produced,
200 tons of water is polluted with chemicals and heavy metals. An estimated 1 trillion
kilowatt-hours of electricity powers the factories that card and comb, spin and weave,
and cut and stitch materials into everything from T-shirts to towels, leaving behind
mountains of solid waste and a massive carbon footprint.
“Where the industry is today is not really sustainable for the long term,” says Shreyaskar
Chaudhary, chief executive of Pratibha Syntex, a textile manufacturer based outside
Indore, India. With something of an “if you build it, they will come” attitude, Mr.Chaud-
hary has steered Pratibha toward the leading edge of eco-friendly textile production.
Under his direction, Pratibha began making clothes with organic cotton in 1999. Initially,
the company couldn't find enough organic farms growing cotton in central
India to supply its factories. To meet production demands, Chaudhary's team had to
convince conventional cotton farmers to change their growing methods.

Effective Leader

In search of lessons to apply in our own careers, we often try to emulate what effective
leaders do. Roger Martin says this focus is misplaced, because moves that work in one
context may make little sense in another. A more productive, though more difficult,
approach is to look at how such leaders think. After extensive interviews with more than
50 of them, the author discovered that most are integrative thinkers -that is, they can
hold in their heads two opposing ideas at once and then come up with a new idea that
contains elements of each but is superior to both.

Crop Losses

As demand for food and competition for land rises, it is vital that crop losses are limited.
Chemical protection has provided effective control of crop losses in recent years. Along-
side chemical fertilizers and improved crop genetics, it has helped to increase crop
yields dramatically over the last six decades. However, there is now a need to develop
complementary alternatives, and researchers from the Rural Economy and Land Use
Program have been exploring the potential of -- and barriers to -- alternative pest man-
agement approaches. 'Alternatives to chemical pesticides are needed because overuse
of them leads to pesticide resistance and affects biodiversity and water quality,' says Dr
Alastair Bailey. 'Heightened EU regulations are also leading to the withdrawal of many
pesticide products. Hence, complementary approaches are required to reduce use and
preserve the efficacy of those valuable pesticides that are still available to sustain food
production systems.
Sigmund Freud

That Sigmund Freud became a major intellectual presence in twentieth-century culture is

not in doubt. Nor is there any doubt that at all times there was both fervent enthusiasm
over and bitter hostility to his ideas and influence. But the exact means by which Freud
became, despite this hostility, a master of intellectual life, on a par, already in the 1920s,
with Karl Marx, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Bertrand Russell, has not been suffi-
ciently explored. Strikingly, Freud emerged as a twentieth-century icon without the
endorsement and support of an institution or a profession (in contrast to Einstein, Curie
and Russell). Where are we to look for the details of this story of an emergent - and new
- figure of immense cultural authority? One of the principal aims of this book is to show
how this happened in one local, parochial yet privileged, site - Cambridge, then as now
a university town stranded in the English Fens with a relatively small fluctuating popula-
tion.

The Iron Age

People in parts of western Africa and southwestern Asia were the first to realize that the
dark-silvery rocks poking out of the earth could be worked into tools and weapons,
sometime around 1500 B.C., evidence shows. The metal was probably discovered there
by accident when some ore was dropped into a fire and cooled into wrought iron, histori-
ans think. The eureka moment didn't reach Europe for another 500 years, traveling
slowly north and west through Greece, Italy, central Europe and finally to the British
Isles with the spread of the famous Celtic tribes. The Celts diffused iron technology over
much of the continent through warfare, where their victory was assured due to the
strength of iron weapons. Perhaps not the most peaceful of cultural exchanges, but
where the technology did travel, it caught on fast. Iron made life a lot easier in those
days, when just living to the age of 45 was a feat. By that time, much of Europe had
settled into small village life, toiling the soil with bronze and stone tools..

Colorful Poison Frogs

Colorful poison frogs in the Amazon owe their great diversity to ancestors that leapt into
the region from the Andes Mountains. This is the first study to show that the Andes have
been a major source of diversity for the Amazon basin, one of the largest reservoirs of
biological diversity on Earth. The finding runs counter to the idea that Amazonian diversi-
ty is the result of evolution only within the tropical forest itself. We have shown that you
cannot understand Amazonian biodiversity by looking only in the basin.Adjacent regions
have played a major role
Utility

Most housing agencies would pay the utility costs for tenants, generally be-
cause individual unit in developments don’t have individual meters. The family
pays its own bills to the utility company, or agencies deduct an amount from the
family’s rent.

Cultural studies

Cultural studies is a new way of engaging in the study of culture. In the past
many academic subjects –including anthropology, history, literary studies,
human geography and sociology – have brought their own disciplinary concerns
to the study of culture. However, in recent decades there has been a renewed
interest in the study of culture that has crossed disciplinary boundaries. The
resulting activity, cultural studies, has emerged as an intriguing and exciting
area of intellectual inquiry that has already shed important new light on the
character of human cultures and which promises to continue so to do. While
there is little doubt that cultural studies is coming to be widely recognised as an
important and distinctive field of study, it does seem to encompass a potentially
enormous area. This is because the term ‘culture’ has a complex history and
range of usages, which have provided a legitimate focus of inquiry for several
academic disciplines.

Civil society and the market

For too long we have held preconceived notions of ‘the’ market and ‘the’ state
that were seemingly independent of local societies and cultures. The debate
about civil society ultimately is about how culture, market and state relate to
each other. Concern about civil society, however, is not only relevant to central
and eastern Europe and the developing world. It is very much of interest to the
European Union as well. The Civil Dialogue Initiated by the Commission in the
1990s was a first attempt by the EU to give the institutions of society - and not
only governments and businesses-a voice at the policy-making tables in Brus-
sels. The EU, like other international institutions, has a long way to go in trying
to accommodate the frequently divergent interests of non-governmental organi-
zations and citizen groups. There is increasing recognition that international
and national governments have to open up to civil society institutions.
Native species in North America (R/W)

Of the more than 1,000 bat species worldwide, 22 are native to North America. And while
there are no pollinator bats in our area, gardeners should champion those that do live
here, because they’re insectivorous. These bats consume moths, beetles and mosquitoes,
and can eat up to 500 mosquito-sized insects per hour. They also protect gardens and
crops from such pests as cucumber beetles, cutworms and leafhoppers.

Concept of Culture (R)

Many people today think of culture in the way that it was thought of in Europe during the
18th and early 19th centuries. This concept of culture reflected inequalities within Europe-
an societies and their colonies around the world. This understanding of culture equates
culture with civilization and contrasts both with nature or non-civilization. According to this
understanding of culture, some countries are more civilized than others, and some people
are more cultured than others. Anything that doesn’t FIT into this category is labeled as
chaos or anarchy. From this perspective, culture is closely tied to cultivation, which is the
progressive refinement of human behavior.

In practice, culture referred to elite goods and activities such as haute cuisine, high fash-
ion or haute couture, museum-caliber art and classical music. The word cultured referred
to people who knew about and took part in these activities. For example, someone who
used culture in this sense might argue that classical music is more refined than music by
working-class people, such as jazz or the indigenous music traditions of aboriginal
peoples.

The wholeness of thought

The writer-or, for that matter, the speaker conceives his thought whole, as a unity, but
must express it in a line of words; the reader- or listener-must take this line of symbols
and from it reconstruct the original wholeness of thought. There is little difficulty in con-
versation, because the listener receives innumera- ble cues from the physical expressions
of the speaker; there is a dialogue, and the listener can cut in at any time. The advantage
of group discussion is that people can overcome linear sequence of words by converging
on ideas from different directions; which makes for wholeness of thought. But the reader is
confronted by line upon line of printed symbols, without benefits of physical tone and em-
phasis or the possibility of dialogue or discussion.
Australian families (R/W)

Families provide emotional, physical, and financial care and support to their members, and
are often the basis on which government assistance is determined and administered. Aus-
tralians have traditionally experienced three main living arrangements over a life cycle:
living with parents, living with a partner (for some of this period was children), and living
alone in old age if that partner died. Now and into the future, living arrangements
throughout a life cycle may also include living alone or in a group household before per-
haps forming a long-term partnership, or living as a lone parent or alone after divorce or
separation. These changes in living arrangements and family characteristics are the out-
come of various demographic and social trends, such as declining fertility, increased rates
of divorce and longer life expectancy.

Promoting good customer service (R/W)

Promoting good customer service must start at the top. If management doesn’t realise how
important this aspect of their business is, they will be at an instant disadvantage in their
industry Good customer response equates to loyal customers, which are the cornerstone
of any successful business. No matter how money you invest in your marketing, if you
don't much have the fundamental elements of your business right, it's wasted money.

Spanish language (R/W)

If after years of Spanish classes, some people still find it impossible to understand some
native speakers, they should not worry. This does not necessarily mean the lessons were
wasted. Millions of Spanish speakers use neither standard Latin American Spanish nor
Castilian, which predominate in US schools. The confusion is partly political - the Span-
ish-speaking world is very diverse. Spanish is the language of 19 separate countries and
Puerto Rico. This means that there is no one standard dialect. The most common Spanish
dialect taught in the US is standard Latin American. It is sometimes called "Highland"
Spanish since it is generally spoken in the mountainous areas of Latin America. While
each country retains its own accents and has some unique vocabulary, residents of coun-
tries such as Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia generally speak Latin American
Spanish, especially in urban centers. This dialect is noted for its pronunciation of each
letter and its strong "r" sounds. This Spanish was spoken in Spain in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries and was brought to the Americas by the early colonists. However,
the Spanish of Madrid and of northern Spain, called Castilian, developed characteristics
that never reached the New World.
Color preferences (R/W)

Many tests have shown that, in a very broad way, people in most parts of the world have
similar color preferences. Blue is the most preferred and popular hue, followed in order by
red, green, purple, yellow, and orange. Overlaying this basic order of color preference,
however, are the responses of individuals, which of course vary widely and may also be
very powerful. Children are likely to have strong preferences for some colors and aver-
sions to others, but sometimes will not admit to them, since outside factors may be influen-
tial in determining both color preferences and the way that they are expressed or sup-
pressed. Current fashions in clothes and accessories, gender-stereotyping, and
peer-group pressure may all play a significant part. Boys, in particular, may be reluctant to
admit to any strong preferences for colors other than those of favorite football teams,
because color awareness may be regarded by their peer group as feminine.
 More Topics
Reading & Writing Reading
1). Burger King 1). Performance appraisals
2). Darkness in the Northern Hemisphere 2). Stress
3). What’s a herbal? 3). Environmentalists
4). Mayan Civilisation 4). Just-in-time
5). Effective Leader 5). The United Nations Library
6). Daniel Harris 6). Gun violence
7). How fish travel 7). Cuteness
8). Performance appraisals
9). Economic Character
10). DNA is a Molecule
11). Paris is very old
12). The Iron Age
FILL IN THE BLANKS
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RED Answers
William Shakespeare
For all his fame and celebration, William Shakespeare remains a mysterious figure with
regards to personal history. There are just two primary sources for information on the
Bard: his works, and various legal and church documents that have survived from Eliza-
bethan times. Naturally, there are many gaps in this body of information, which tells us
little about Shakespeare the man.

Integrated Ticketing
Well in 2004 we integrated ticketing in South East Queensland, so we introduced a
paper ticket that allowed you to travel across all the three modes in South East
Queensland, so bus, train and ferry and the second stage of integrated ticketing is the
introduction of a Smart Card, and the Smart Card will enable people to store value so to
put value on the card, and then to use the card for traveling around the system.

Contract Patterns Generator (CPG)

In animals, a movement is coordinated by a cluster of neurons in the spinal cord called
the central contract patterns generator (CPG). This produces signals that drive muscles
to contract rhythmically in a way that produces running or walking, depending on the
pattern of pulses. A simple signal from the brain instructs the CPG to switch between
different modes such as going from a standstill to walking.

Ocean Currents
For many years, the favorite horror story about abrupt climate change was that a shift in
ocean currents could radically cool Europe's climate. These currents, called the over-
turning circulation, bring warm water and warm temperatures north from the equator to
Europe.
Susan Lozier, an oceanographer at Duke University, says scientists have long worried
that this ocean circulation could be disrupted.

Financial Markets
Financial markets swung wildly yesterday in the frenzied trading market by further selling
of equities and fears about an unraveling of the global carry trade. At the same time,
trading in the US and European credit markets were exceptionally heavy for a third con-
secutive day. London trading was marked by particularly wild swings in the prices of
credit derivatives, used to ensure investors against corporate defaults.

Beekeeper
Dave Hackenberg, a beekeeper since 1962, can usually tell what killed his bees just by
looking at them. If they're lying on the ground in front of a hive, it's probably pesticides,
he says. If the bees are deformed and wingless, it's probably vampire mites. But last
fall, Hackenberg saw something he had never seen before. Thousands of his bee colo-
nies simply disappeared. He was in Florida at the time, pulling the lids off some of his
commercial hives. To his horror, they were all empty.
Online Dating
Bruch and her colleague Mark Newman studied who swapped messages with whom on a
popular online dating platform in the month of January 2014. They categorized users by
desirability using PageRank, one of the algorithms behind search technology. Essential-
ly, if you receive a dozen messages from desirable users, you must be more desirable
than someone who receives the same number of messages from average users.

Then they asked: How far "out of their league" do online daters tend to go when pursuing
a partner? "I think people are optimistic realists."

In other words, they found that both men and women tended to pursue mates just 25
percent more desirable than themselves. "So they're being optimistic, but they're also
taking into account their own relative position within this overall desirability hierarchy."

And the study did have a few more lessons for people on the market: "I think one of the
take-home messages from this study is that women could probably afford to be more
aspirational in their mate pursuit."

Laurence Stephen Lowry

Laurence Stephen Lowry was an English artist. Many of his drawings and paintings
depict Pendlebury,

Lancashire, where he lived and worked for more than 40 years, Salford and its vicinity.
Lowry is famous for painting scenes of life in the industrial districts of North West En-
gland in the mid-20th century. He developed a distinctive style of painting and is best
known for his city landscapes peopled with human figures, often referred to as ""match-
stick men"". He painted mysterious unpopulated landscapes, brooding portraits and the
unpublished ""marionette"" works, which were only found after his death.

South Australia
Now that the story's been scratched, it is only part of contingency planning. But it was a
symptom of the dramatic turn of events in South Australia, and it flushed out other
remarks from water academics and people like Tim Flannery, indicating that things were
really much worse than had been foreshadowed, even earlier this year. So is Adelaide,
let alone some whole regions of South Australia, in serious bother? Considering that the
vast amount of its drinking water comes from the beleaguered Murray, something many
of us outside the state may not have quite realized. Is their predicament something we
have to face up to as a nation?
Beautiful Buildings
Along the way we have built unashamedly beautiful buildings, two of which have won
and another was runner- up in the prestigious United Nations World Habitat Award: the
first time an Australian building has received that international honour. We rely on older
concepts of Australian architecture that are heavily influenced by the bush. All residents
have private verandhas which allow them to socialize outdoors and also creates some
"defensible space" between their bedrooms and public areas. We use a lot of natural
and soft materials to build beautiful landscape gardens.

Sunflowers by Van Gogh

These two paintings, both called “Sunflowers,” are generally accepted as the finest of
several depictions of the thick-stemmed, nodding blooms that Van Gogh made in 1888
and 1889 during his time in Arles. The first is now in the collection of the National Gal-
lery in London, and the second is in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Van Gogh
referred to this work as a “repetition” of the London painting. But art historians and
curators have long been curious to know how different this “repetition” is from the first.
Should it be considered a copy, an independent artwork or something in between? An
extensive research project conducted over the past three years by conservation experts
at both the National Gallery and the Van Gogh Museum has concluded that the second
painting was “not intended as an exact copy of the original example,” said Ella Hen-
driks, a professor of conservation and restoration at the University of Amsterdam, who
was the lead researcher on the project.

Nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology? Well, a report that was put together by a combination of the
Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering that came out last summer, identi-
fied two topics. Nano-science is the study of phenomena and the manipulation of mate-
rials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significant-
ly from those as a larger scale. Nanotechnologies are the design characterization, pro-
duction and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and
size at the nanometer scale. So I'll talk a little bit more in a moment about what a nano-
meter is, but loosely speaking people think of nanotechnologies as being a sort of a
hundred nanometers or less.
Carbon-rich soils
Rebuilding carbon-rich agricultural soils is the only real productive permanent solution
to taking excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. She's frustrated that scientists
and politicians don't see the same opportunities she sees.
This year Australia will emit just over 600 million tonnes of carbon. We can sequester
685 million tonnes of carbon by increasing soil carbon by half a per cent on only two per
cent of the farms. If we increased it on all of the farms, we could sequester the whole
world's emissions of carbon.

Cars in America
There are some 250 million cars in America, 250 million cars in the country with just over
300 million people. And most of those vehicles, of course, are gas powered. This poses
a huge challenge given the limited supplies of oil and the growing urgency of the global
warming crisis.
But there is good news, according to our guests today. And that is we have the
know-how and the technology to build sleek, fast automobiles that don't use gasoline.
These vehicles of tomorrow are powered by hydrogen, electricity, bio-fuels, and digital
technology. And they already exist. So what's stopping us from putting them on the
roads? Our guests today will help answer that.

Malaria
Also, malaria is something that is a very complex disease with this complex life cycle.
That means that if you're going to eliminate it, you have to be able to target cute para-
sites and humans. You have to be able to target parasites in the mosquitoes, that mos-
quito population. And so that requires a lot of resources. It requires really
good planning and a health system across all these different levels. And so I think the
political capital that you need for that, the educational infrastructure you need for that,
the economic resources you need for that are quite a challenge.

Dogs and Hygiene Hypothesis

Dogs aren't just man's best friend. Previous studies have shown that kids with dogs are
less likely to develop asthma. Now a new study may show how—if results from mice
apply to us. The work was presented at a meeting of the American Society for Microbiol-
ogy. The study tests what’s called the hygiene hypothesis. The idea is that extreme
cleanliness may actually promote disease later on. Researchers collected dust from
homes that had a dog. They fed that house dust to mice. They then infected the mice
with a common childhood infection called respiratory syncytial virus—or RSV.
Locomotion

We are trying to understand the locomotion of one of our closest living relatives, which
is the orangutan, and also the locomotion of all of the apes and the common ancestor of
humans and the other apes. And in that area, we have had a big problem traditionally,
and that we know a lot about how they move around the forest. I've been out to the
forest and spent a year recording the different types of locomotion they use, but we
have no idea about the energetic cost of how they move around the forest and the solu-
tions that they find to problems of moving around the canopy. And what we're doing here
is using the park or athletes as an analogy for a large bodied ape moving around a com-
plex environment and getting them to move around in the course
that we've made that they've never seen before. And we're going to record their energet-
ic expenditure while they're doing it.

Productivity in Industrial Revolution

I'm going to argue that the tremendous increases in productivity that we associate with
the industrial revolution originate not so much from changes in science or technology or
new inventions, where England was far from unique as from changes in attitudes, atti-
tudes towards morality, towards what constituted the good. Attitudes towards property,
which became in England individuals long before it did on the continent. Attitudes
toward the proper role of government. And together, these attitudes constitute much of
what the Luddites were protesting against.

Lead-in Time

Lead-in time is the amount of time that elapses between a business placing an order
with a supplier for more stock or raw materials and the delivery of the goods to the busi-
ness. Businesses want the lead-in time to be as short as possible, so that they can meet
their customer orders and minimize the time between paying for the stock and receiving
the revenue from the customer. However, this may not happen due to a number of
factors,such as delays in the supplier receiving the order, or the breakdown of the sup-
pliers’ lorries delivering the stock to the business.
WRITE FROM
DICTATIONS

Dictations Count : 228

Repeat Rate : 99%

BLACK Old Questions

RED Newly Added Ques.

BLUE Changes in Ques.

 WRITE FROM DICTATIONS
1. The celebrated theory is still the source of great controversy.
2. Economic development needs to be supported by the government.
3. Although sustainable development is not easy, it is an unavoidable responsibility.
4. Americans typically defined the process of plant growth in quantitative terms.
5. An introduction is an essential element of presentation.
6. Certain scientific principles must be learned verbally or by logical deduction.
7. Consumer confidence has a direct influence on sales.
8. Convincing evidence to support this theory is hard to obtain.
9. Despite their differences, all forms of life share certain characteristics.
10. Many experts think that the world climate is constantly changing.
11. Human beings compete with other living things for resources and space.
12. Good research delivers practical benefits for real people.
13. If finance is a cause of concern, scholarships may be available.
14. It is really a comprehensive program covering both theory and practice.
15. It is not possible to solve the problem easily.
16. We are researching the most significant challenges that are faced in our society today.
17. Medical researchers have focused on different causes of diseases and treatments.
18. Native speakers are exempt from the language tests in their own language.
19. Nurses can specialize in clinical work and management.
20. Organizational failure is considered from various perspectives in academic literature.
21. The university theater group will be performing in the concert hall.
22. Please note that the submission deadlines are only negotiable in exceptional circumstances.
23. All of your assignments are due on Wednesday.
24. Radio is a popular form of entertainment throughout the world.
25. Remember to sign the attendance register before leaving the lecture hall.
26. Scientists are always asking the government for more money.
27. Students are instructed to hand in their assignments by the end of this week.
28. Students have the options to live in college residences or apartments.
29. The business policy seminar includes an internship with a local firm.
30. The cafeteria features soup, salads, sandwiches, chicken and fish.
31. The chemistry building is located near the entrance to the campus.
32. The city’s founders created a set of rules that became law.
33. The course helps students to improve their pronunciation skills.
34. The earth atmosphere is primarily composed of oxygen and nitrogen gases.
35. The essay will be published once the research is finished.
36. The first assignment is due on the fourteenth of September.
37. The garden behind the university is open to the public in summer.
38. The history of the university is a long and interesting one.
39. The nation achieved prosperity by opening its ports for trade.
40. The railway makes long-distance travel possible for everyone.
41. The technician dropped the new microscope in the biology lab.
42. The theme of the instrumental work exhibits more of a demure compositional style.
43. The ways in which people communicate are constantly changing.
44. There is clearly a need for further research in this field.
45. This morning’s lecture on economic policy has been canceled.
46. Our laboratory equipment is provided free of charge.
47. Traffic is the main cause of air pollution in many cities.
48. This project is divided into four main sections.
49. Understanding how to use the library will save your time.
50. Water filters on campus will discourage the unnecessary use of plastic bottles.
51. We can’t consider any increase in our price at this stage.
52. We have not yet achieved equality in our society.
53. We were able to contact a number of research subjects.
54. When parents talk to children, the tense tends to be simplified.
55. Years of training are required to become a medical specialist.
56. You will acquire many skills during the academic studies.
57. Speak to your tutor if you require further assistance.
58. Manufacture can now employ more people than agriculture and fishing combined.
59. Farming methods across the world have greatly developed recently.
60. Global connections thrived in academic communities, thanks to social media.
61. There have been too many struggles in the mathematics department
62. They developed a unique approach to training their employees.
63. Those who are considering a career in marketing should attend the talk.
64. Every student has the right and ability to succeed.
65. A good academic paper should present a clear argument.
66. A good research assistant is not afraid to ask questions.
67. Before submitting your dissertation, your advisor must approve your application.
68. Enrolling in a double major may increase your career options.
69. Geography is generally divided into two main branches, human and physical.
70. He was constantly looking for ways to bring industry and agriculture closer together.
71. Making mistakes is fine as long as you learn from them.
72. Students who attempted to go to the conference must register now.
73. We have a lecture in the morning on Thursday.
74. The department has higher than normal proportion of postgraduate students.
75. All new medical students must attend the talk about optional courses.
76. Digital gadgets are an excellent addition to any outdoor venture.
77. The professor took one year off to work on her book.
78. You should submit your term papers to the general office.
79. The department is organizing a flight to London in July.
80. Protective clothing must always be worn in the laboratory.
81. We no longer respond to any reference material requests.
82. Social media is criticized for causing internet addiction.
83. Consumer confidence tends to increase as the economy expands.
84. Every student has regular meetings with his or her personal tutor.
85. His appointment to the Minister of Culture was seen as a demotion.
86. It takes a long time to walk to university.
87. You do not need special knowledge to enjoy this book.
88. Sea levels are expected to rise during the next century.
89. Information technology has changed the way people study today.
90. Philosophy uses logic and reasons to analyze human experiences.
91. Undergraduate students can select what interests them the most in the science program.
92. The digital camera has some advantages over traditional film.
93. The university provides great leisure facilities for students and staff.
94. A good abstract highlights the key zpoints of your paper.
95. These three separate research resources are not enough for this assessment.
96. New media journalism is an exciting field of study.
97. The deadline for this assignment is tomorrow.
98. It is an integrated course with several main elements.
99. Members should make mandatory contributions to associated operating funds.
100. The key witnesses to the event have conflicting recollections.
101. He wrote poetry and plays as well as scientific papers.
102. The economic predictions turned out to be incorrect.
103. Cells are the basic building blocks of all animals and plants.
104. Please click on the logo above to enter the site.
105. The momentum is defined as the combination of mass and velocity.
106. More research is needed before any definitive conclusion can be drawn.
107. It is important to make clear notes when you are reading.
108. The untapped potential of using sun rays is phenomenal.
109. Students are encouraged to think carefully about their accommodation needs.
110. You will study two core and three optional modules.
111. A lack of sleep can increase the chance of getting some illnesses.
112. We aim to develop a partnership with the government and financial institutions.
113. Lecture outlines are available on the college board and the internal website.
114. Technology has changed the media we both used and studied.
115. The college operates a system of continuous assessments.
116. The sports teams often practice on Wednesdays and play games on weekends.
117. The history course is assessed via three written assignments.
118. Job opportunities are created for a better economy of the future.
119. It is compulsory to attend the laboratory induction.
120. Any gain on sales of property must be allocated promptly.
121. We have a great deal of debate on that topic.
122. The coming scientific research requires time and dedication.
123. You may not arrange your time when reading the text.
124. Many students are now studying science, technology, engineering and maths.
125. You don't need to have a lot of courage to be a hero.
126. Visual aid is really helpful for revising.
127. The marketing budget has been doubled since the beginning of the year.
128. We encourage students to complete applications before the deadline.
129. I will come back to this in a moment.
130. I will be back in several minutes.
131. Every year, more and more academic courses are made available online.
132. Even the most motivated students may need help with choosing a career.
133. The curriculum should be adjusted to the current development.
134. Lectures are the oldest and the most formal teaching method at universities.
135. Research shows that exercising makes us feel better.
136. They cannot put in everything: choices have to be made.
137. The residence hall is closed prior to the academic building closing time at the end
of the semester.
138. The student shop has a range of stationery.
139. Consumers are better informed today because of the internet.
140. A few journalism students write for the school newspaper.
141. Let me give you an example to explain what I mean.
142. More choices are available other than studying full time at university.
143. During the examination, electronic devices must be left with the supervisor.
144. Today we have a guest speaker who is visiting from Canada.
145. Before you choose your university course, you should consider your future career.
146. It took almost three years to build a football stadium.
147. The rationale of my research is to present the value of the urban ecosystem.
148. Graduates from this course generally find careers in financial sector.
149. You may not be allowed to read any book without the reading list.
150. Digital scanners can scan all kinds of materials provided that they are in small pieces.
151. It is a debate about the value of knowledge.
152. You may not manage your time well without a reading list.
153. Your term paper should be about a current social issue.
154. I thought a good architectural structure should be useful, durable and beautiful.
155. A number of students have volunteer jobs.
156. Educational level is found to be associated with social and economic background.
157. We can all meet at my office after the lecture.
158. The assignments should be submitted to the department office before the deadlines.
159. Students will develop confidence in their ability to think critically.
160. Economic problems caused a big rise in unemployment.
161. The design of modern cities is a challenge for urban planners.
162. Remember, the prestigious election of stewardship has strict eligibility criteria.
163. You are advised to use multiple research methods for this project.
164. Students who are successful have good strategies for learning.
165. The artists tied to the conservative politicians earned the role of critics.
166. The rising inflation rate indicates a decrease in demand for consumer products.
167. The massive accumulation of data was converted into a communicable argument.
168. It would be extremely beneficial to work together.
169. We study science to understand and appreciate the world around us.
170. An undergraduate is required to do many projects.
171. All lectures and learning materials can be found on the internet.
172. Experts are now able to forecast weather over a much longer period.
173. Read the safety instructions before using the equipment in the workshop.
174. The plight of local wildlife has been ignored by developers.
175. Tomorrow’s lecture will discuss educational policy in the United States.
176. Food containing overabundant calories provides little or no nutritional value.
177. There is a widely believed perception that engineering is for boys.
178. He was regarded as the foremost economist at his time.
179. The very basic feature of computing would be counting and calculating.
180. People have been dependent on using phones in their everyday life.
181. Auditions for the university theater will be held next week.
182. The commissioner will apportion the funds among all the authorities.
183. Industry experts will discuss job opportunities in an automated workforce.
184. Summer school programs allow some students to accelerate their studies.
185. Good nutrition is crucial to general health and vitality.
186. You will be tested by continuous assessments and examinations.
187. There is a pharmacy on campus near the bookstore.
188. Recession triggers exciting creativity and high rates of public wisdom.
189. In addition to class requirements, students must pass all the qualifying examinations.
190.The accountancy students must hand in their dissertations this week.
191. The key to clear writing is the clarity of your thought.
192. All students can learn even though they have different speeds.
193. Tutors should set a clear goal at the start of the class.
194. She is giving an outline of the previous lecture.
195. Calcium's nutritional value is growing popularity every year.
196. Students who study overseas can significantly improve their work chances.
197. Strangely, people are spontaneously impacted by statistics.
198. Many Students lived in the hall of residence during the term time.
199. The vocabulary that has peculiar meanings in a special field is called jargon.
200. All dissertations must be accompanied by a submission form.
201. Textile manufacturing plays a large role in improving economies.
202. The three elective courses were carried out in the program.
203. Some people are motivated by competition, while others prefer collaboration.
204. Students are encouraged to monitor their own attendance.
205. The tutorial timetable can be found on the course website.
206. Taxes from factories play a large role in some economies.
207. The timetable for the next term will be available next week.
208. Teaching assistants will receive a monthly stipend for housing.
209. Affordable housing is an important issue for all members of society.
210. All of the assignments must be submitted in person to the faculty office.
211. Students requiring an extension should apply sooner rather than later.
212. Universities should invest in new technologies designed for learning.
213. Time and distance are used to calculate speed.
214. The closing date of applications for travel scholarships is next Monday.
215. Strangely, people are spontaneously impressed by skeptical statistics.
216. The assessment of this course will begin next week.
217. Many graduates of journalism can get jobs in the communication fields.
218. Students must attend the safety instruction course before attending the engineering
workshop.
219. The north campus car park could be closed on Sunday.
220. Novelists write about the best things that they know about.
221. The economy is now showing the first sign of recovery.
222. Courses on nutrition are growing in popularity every year.
223. Digital scans of archive materials are provided for a small fee.
224. It is important for students to keep up with the deadline.
225. The university should invest in new technology to support learning.
226. Democracy is constantly offering the most stable form of government.
227. You may not manage to read everything on the reading list.
228. Optional tutorials are offered in the final week of the term.

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