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Creative Writing
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Exploring Key Elements of
Fiction
Creative Writing – Grade 12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Exploring Key Elements of Fiction
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jorgie P. Haw
Editors: Louie Mark G. Garvida, Imelda C. Martinez, Jerryl Jean L. Salunayan,
Eliza V. Sunggay
Reviewers: Helen J. Ranan, Sally A. Palomo
Illustrator: Reggie D. Galindez
Layout Artist: Cesar Ian S. Ranan
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Streamliner: Lyn Xyrille S. Mallari
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Romelito G. Flores, CESO V - Schools Division Superintendent
Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Gerardo Magno – Subject Area Supervisor
Juliet F. Lastimosa - CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo - Division EPS In- Charge of LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales - Division ADM Coordinator
Ronnie R. Sunggay / Helen J. Ranan – Subject Area Supervisor /
Coordinator
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region
Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end
of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer
keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using
these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to
the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you
on your home -based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of the
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using the SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the key elements of fiction through writing journal entries and short
compositions. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
In this module, you will be able to:
Write journal entries and other short compositions exploring the key elements
of fiction.

Specifically, you are expected to:

1. explore innovative techniques in writing journal entries and short
compositions;
2. analyze important elements and techniques of fiction;
3. communicate ideas clearly and imaginatively;
4. write journal entries and striking scene for a short story applying the key
elements of fiction;

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 What I Know

Before you start exploring our lesson, check first what you know about
elements of fiction and writing journal entries and short compositions. Encircle the
letter of the correct answer.
1. What element of fiction challenges a character’s conviction and brings out
his or her weaknesses or strengths?
a. theme
b. setting
c. conflict
d. characterization
2. In this point of view, the author, when speaking of the main character, uses
pronouns like you and yours.
a. first person
b. second person
c. third-person limited
d. third-person omniscient
3. I said, “I need to stay at home so I can avoid the COVID-19 infection. I am
not going with him to the mall.” This is an example of what point of view?
a. first person
b. second person
c. third-person limited
d. third-person omniscient
4. Helene describes the events that happen in the beginning, middle, and end
of the book she just read. This means that Helene is describing what?
a. plot
b. theme
c. setting
d. conflict
5. When the characters have different and opposing views, what kind of conflict
is this?
a. man vs. man
b. man vs. nature
c. man vs. society
d. man vs. himself
6. Sallie is having a dilemma whether to tell her secret to her friend or not. This
is an example of what kind of conflict?
a. man vs. man
b. man vs. nature
c. man vs. society
d. man vs. himself
7. Which of the following is an example of a story’s theme?
a. The patients are happy.
b. A man finds his true love.
c. The frontliners are willing to help.
d. Staying true to yourself is important.

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8. A long-forgotten memory came back to Luwie as he watched a news about
virus on television. He became positive in COVID-19 and recalled his
difficulties while admitted to a hospital. This is an example of what plot
technique?
a. conflict
b. suspense
c. flashback
d. foreshadowing
9. Which of the following is NOT true about themes?
a. There should only be one theme in a story.
b. Themes intends teach lessons about life.
c. Themes may be the author’s thoughts about human nature.
d. Themes can be understood by all readers, regardless of culture and
country.
10. Which of the following can BEST convince the reader about the setting to be
realistic?
a. Provide memorable details about the place.
b. Describe the place using direct description.
c. Include important and trivial details about the place.
d. Include details about the place such as name of the city and the
streets.
11. Which of the examples below define Man vs. Nature?
a. Jane has an argument with her sister, Lilibeth.
b. Charmaine lost her house due to the recent typhoon.
c. Dave disagrees with the beliefs that the organization believes in.
d. Karla struggles from delivering her speech in front of the audience.
12. Which is NOT true about journal entries?
a. They can take any form the writer likes.
b. They are always between 500 – 1000 words.
c. They help you turn your thoughts into words.
d. They are the expressions of your personal growth.
13. Which of the following should be the first thing to do when writing journal
entries and short compositions?
a. write a list
b. write a dialogue
c. read your journal
d. describe the elements
14. Why is there a need to reread your journal entries in exploring elements of
fiction?
a. to help you end the story
b. to help you improve your writing
c. to help you write a list of important elements
d. to help you describe the elements in your journal entries
15. Which of the following is the BEST order for writing journal entries?
a. read your journal, describe the elements, write a list, write a dialogue
b. write a dialogue, write a list, describe the elements, read your journal
c. describe the elements, write a list, write a dialogue, read your journal
d. write a list, describe the elements, write a dialogue, read your journal

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 Lesson
Exploring Key Elements of
5 Fiction

Many of us love literature, the complexity and uniqueness of it, and the
lessons we get from it. Literature simply represents culture and tradition of a
language or of the people. The concept, however, is sometimes hard to define and
sometimes it can be confusing and overwhelming. Thus, if we know the tools that
the writers use – the elements of fiction – we can easily analyze and understand the
message of the literary text, and even enjoy it more.

A work of fiction is created in the imagination of its writer. The writer creates
the story, makes up the character, setting, and story lines. Fiction can inspire us,
intrigue us, scare us, and even engage us to new ideas. Thus, it is very important
that we explore the elements that make up a good and interesting stories.

This module will let you explore the key elements of fiction by writing journal
entries and short compositions. Surely, this will help you show your creative
imagination and discover your prowess in creative writing.

What’s In

In the previous module, you have learned to identify the various elements,
techniques, and literary devices in various modes of fiction. Try to recall some
concepts that you learned about the elements and techniques of fiction, and state
the ideas that you want to learn from this module.

Activity 1: A Graceful Entrance

Directions: In the Entrance Slip provided, write in the K column the words or
phrases that you know about the various elements of fiction, and in the W
column the things that you still want to know about exploring these key
elements of fiction. Be guided with the questions provided in the entrance
arrow below.

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 K W
(What I Know) (What I Want to Know)

What do you Know

about the various
elements of fiction?
What do you Want to
know about writing
journals and short
compositions exploring
key elements of fiction?

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Activity 2: Prior Knowledge Power

Directions: Activate your prior knowledge fully on the important concepts related
various elements of fiction. Choose the correct answer from the words
provided inside the box. Write your answer in the shape provided
before each number.

foreshadowing plot antagonist setting

flashback protagonist point of view theme
symbol irony conflict dynamic character
Conflict theme

1. This refers to the main or lead character who is considered

a ‘hero’.
2. This element includes the place and the time of the actions
that transpire in a story.
3. This character undergoes significant changes in
personality, behavior, and perspective as the story develops.

4. This refers to the sequence of events in the story.

5. This plot technique provides clues or hints as to some

events or circumstances that may come soon in the flow of
the story.

6. It refers to the vantage point as to how the story unfolds.

7. This is an object which is used to represent ideas aside from

its literal meaning.

8. This element of fiction refers to the opposition of forces that

may set forth among the characters.

9. This refers to the central idea of the story.

10. A technique which utilizes the inclusion of episodes or prior

events to the base time of the plot.

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 What’s New

You may be curious and may already have an idea of what our lesson will be
about. Feed your curiosity then by doing the next activity.

Activity 3: Insta-Memory
Directions: Take time to imagine a favorite story that you have read or watched.
Take a snapshot of the people, places, events, and lines from the story that
remain in your memory. Write the words or phrases that you instantly remember
from your favorite story in 2-3 minutes (you may set a timer for this). Write your
answer in the shape provided.

Please finish the sentence starter. You may provide 2-5 sentences to describe what
you have written in the heart shape.
My memory snapshot shows…..
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
After doing the activity, were you able to include and analyze the type of
characters that you have remembered? How about the places and time in the story?
Were you able to note the important events, characters, conflict, point of view, and
the theme of the story? If so, you are already starting to explore the elements of fiction
and are taking down journal entries related to exploring these elements.

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 What is It

Writing fiction takes a little creativity and a lot of flexibility. One should be
creative and flexible enough to come up with an interesting story, may it be short
story, novel, fable, fairy tale and other literary and realistic fiction. In this lesson,
you are asked to focus on exploring key elements of fiction through writing journal
entries and short compositions.

Exploring Key Elements of Fiction

The elements of fiction are considered the essential tools of every writer. These
tools are needed to make an effective and interesting story. So how does a writer
write fiction? Characters, setting, plot, conflict, point of view, and theme are the six
(6) key elements of fiction. Let us explore the key elements of fiction and the
innovative techniques in writing them in this lesson.

Character

In fiction, character refers to a textual representation of a human

being, or occasionally another creature (Jose & Larioque, 2017). Most fiction
writers agree that character development is the key element in a story’s
creation, and in most pieces of fiction a close identification with the
characters is crucial to understanding a story.
Characterization is the process by which the character reveals the
personality of the character. You may achieve this through:
✓ Direct Characterization – the narrator explicitly or directly describes
the character; and
✓ Indirect Characterization – the narrator reveals the characters’ traits
through their thoughts and actions.

Setting

Setting is where and when the story happens. It includes the place,
time, weather conditions and social conditions that establish the atmosphere,
or mood of a story or specific scene.
Creating a realistic setting is one way you can make the story
believable in the mind of the reader (Jose & Larioque, 2017). To convince the
reader, you can also include realistic details about time and place. You can
then include facts about a real place such as the name of the city, street
name, and the landmark.
Your goal as a fiction writer is to provide just enough detail to create a
memorable setting in the mind of the reader. To do this, you need to decide
which details of the setting are important and why. Only important details
need to be included, not trivial details.

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 Plot

Plot refers to sequence of events in a story. It is how the author

arranges the events to develop the basic idea. The plot is a planned, logical
series of events having beginning, middle, and end.
Many fictional plots turn on a conflict, or struggle between opposing
forces, that is usually resolved by the end of the story. In writing typical
fictional plots, you may begin with an exposition that provides the
background information needed to make sense of the action, describe the
setting, and introduce the major characters. These plots develop a series
of conflict; the conflict may reach a climax or turning point, a moment of
greatest tension; then the action falls off as the plot’s complications are
resolved, this leads to the resolution or dénouement.
As some of you may know, plot grows out of the characters. The
author is always in control of what happens. You can have different ways
in introducing the story, developing the whole scenario, and ending the
scenes in such a way that the readers will end up amazed and wondering.
Thus, you can use special techniques such as suspense, foreshadowing,
flashback, tones, and motifs and symbols to put some spice in the story.

Conflict

A Conflict is a struggle between two entities. Conflict is present

everywhere around us. Jose & Larioque (2017) enumerated the four main types
of conflict identified in literature:
✓ Man vs. Man: A situation in which two characters have opposing desires
or interests;
Example: Two Filipinos arguing about violation of COVID-19 Safety
protocols.
✓ Man vs. Nature: In this type of conflict, a character is tormented by
natural forces such as storms and animals.
Example: Typhoon Yolanda destroying people’s houses and livelihood.
✓ Man vs. Self: This conflict develops from a character’s inner struggles
and leads the character to decide between good or evil or overcome self-
doubts.
Example: Someone struggling to express his love to others.
✓ Man vs. Society: In this type of conflict, the character stands odds with
societal norms.
Example: Group of people protesting against Anti-Terror Law.
These elements may appear both individually and together with one
another, but one must exist for the story to exist. Remember that conflicts can
be recurring theme throughout the story or a temporary obstacle. There may be
multiple points of conflict in a single story, as characters may have more than
one desire or may struggle against more than one opposing force.

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 Point of View (POV)

Point of View (POV) in fiction refers to the standpoint or angle from which the
story is told. It can be through first person, second person, third-person objective
narration, third-person limited, and third-person omniscient point of view. The
writer’s choice of point of view has significant effect on the story’s voice and on the
type of information given to the reader.
As a writer, you may choose third-person omniscient when you want to give the
reader more than one perspective on the same incident, or when you want to
describe multiple events happening simultaneously. If you want the reader to
identify strongly one character, you may use first person and third-person limited
as it leads the reader to concentrate on one particular character’s feelings and
experiences.

Theme
The Theme is the central idea or the underlying truth that is being conveyed in
the story. The theme may be the author’s thoughts about the topic or view of human
nature.
Themes can be universal, meaning they are understood by readers no matter
what culture or country the readers are in. Common themes include coming of age,
circle of life, prejudice, greed, good vs. evil, beating the odds, and others. They can
be old, new, reworked, or restated. Remember, a theme is true for the book it comes
from, not necessarily for life or for other works of fiction. The theme should also
express a complete thought or be written in complete sentence.

Writing Journal Entries and Short Compositions Exploring Key Elements of

Fiction
Writing journal entries and short compositions are normal to students,
especially in high school. Doing this will help you turn your thoughts into words.
This will also help you understand better the author’s craft and the elements of
fiction when analyzing literary text.

So, what exactly are journal entries?

Journal entries are individual pieces of writing that fill your journal. They are
expressions of your personal growth, interests, and opinions. They are usually
between 500 – 1000 words of more depending on your interest in writing. Getting
started with a journal entry can be difficult, but they can take any form you like,
depending on the purpose of writing so. Here are some creative and innovative
techniques in writing journal entries and short compositions to understand better
the key elements of fiction:

1. Write a List

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 Lists are always easy ways to get started. Think about the important
elements that consist the story - characters, settings, plot, point of view,
conflict, and theme. You can even write a list of things you want to write about
in your journal. This can be like a brainstorming session for your writing.

2. Describe the Elements

Write about the elements that you have listed down. Describe the
elements, especially the one that you want to give focus on. For instance, if
you want to focus on the character, you may let your imagination wander and
write a story on what you think this person wants, likes and does not like. Let
your mind fill in the blanks and create a character and story in your mind.

3. Write a Dialogue
You can write an imaginary conversation between you and someone
else, or between and among characters. This is a creative exercise that can
help you prepare for an upcoming discussion or help you reflect on one that
already happened.

4. Be Creative
Do not just think of your journal entries and compositions as simple
text. Make your journal and composition unique, creative and beautiful. You
may add some pictures or illustrations, and interesting twists in your story.

5. Reread Your Journal Entries

Rereading your journal entries may help you improve your writing,
organize more your thoughts, and learn better and creative ideas that can be
added in the story that you are creating.

6. Finalize Your Journal Entries

Finalize your journal and composition. Make your entries interesting
and pleasing to you. By doing this, you can understand yourself better.

Thus, writing journal entries of the key elements to be included in short or

long compositions is important as it serves as your guide on the type and flow of the
story that you will create. By doing this, you will able to organize your thoughts
properly as you are guided by your notes and have something to refer to in case you
forget what you have thought before.

Writing journal entries can be any form, depending on what and how you
would want it to look like. You may add some picture, stickers, drawing, shapes, and
other style. You may have it as creative as you can since it is your journal. You may
take a look at the example provided in the next page.

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 You have observed that in the given example, the list of the elements is
provided. Some of the elements are also described. You may add some dialogue that
you want to highlight in the story and other information that you would like to
emphasize. Remember that writing journal entries can be done in many and different
ways, and it depends on your style and creativity.

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 What’s More

You have explored the key elements of fiction and the innovative techniques
in writing them through journal entries and short compositions. Now, your task is to
read or recall and analyze one short story or any fictional text written by a Filipino
or foreign author.

Activity 3: A Story to Tell

Directions: Analyze the important elements of fiction found in the story by

completing the entries in the provided journal. The starter statement or
questions will help you analyze the elements found in the text.

Introducing the Story

Title of the Story: __________________________________________________________
Author: ___________________________________________________________________
Genre: ____________________________________________________________________
Setting: ___________________________________________________________________

Characters: (Major)
Protagonist(s): ____________________________________________________________
Antagonist: _______________________________________________________________

1. The setting of the story can be described as…

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. From what point of view was the story told? Explain.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. The central idea or the theme of the story is:

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4. What conflict/s is/are found in the story? List some clues that show them.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. The most important parts of the PLOT or events in the story are:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 Good job! This next activity will allow you to further practice writing journal
entries and short compositions in exploring the key elements of fiction.

Activity 4: Bits and Pieces!

Directions: Choose a topic that you want to write about. It may be about friendship,
family, career, or any topic of your choice. Fill in the graphic organizer
with the important pieces of information or main events that you want
to emphasize in your story. Remember and apply the suggested
innovative techniques in writing journal entries.
Write your chosen topic here:_______________________________________

What characteristics would you

like the characters to have?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
____________________________
Where and when do you want
the story to happen? Give a
short description.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
____________________________

Character/s:

What central idea would
you like to emphasize?
________________________
________________________
________________________
_______________
__________________
From what POV would you
__________________
like the story to be told?.
________________ ______________________________
_____________________________
______________
______________________________

What main event would you like to have in your story?

_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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 Job well done for completing Activity 4! Now it is time to put these ideas
together by writing short compositions to create an effective and interesting story.

Activity 5: A Piece of My Mind

Directions: Put together the ideas that you have written in Activity 4 and develop a
short story developing the key elements of fiction. Create a title for
the story. Write your short story on a separate sheet of paper. Be
guided by the rubric provided below.

Criteria 4 3 2 1
(Excellent) (Meets (Approaching (Does Not Meet
Expectations) Expectations) Expectations)

Setting Many vivid, Some vivid, Only few The reader has
descriptive descriptive descriptive difficulty
words are used words are used words are used figuring when
to tell when to tell the to supply the and where the
and where the readers when description of story happens.
story took and where the the time and
place. story took place of the
place. story.
Characters The main The main The main It is hard to tell
characters are characters are characters are who the main
named and named and named, but the characters are.
clearly described. Most readers only
described. Most readers have knows very
readers could some idea of little about the
accurately what the main
picture out characters look characters.
what the like.
characters look
like.
Plot The story is The story is The story is The story is not
Organization well organized. pretty well- quite organized. The
The reader can organized. The organized, reader cannot
easily follow reader can however, the follow the
the sequence follow the reader can sequence of
of events with sequence of hardly follow events in the
clear events with the sequence of story.
transitions. transitions events in the
used. story.
Presence of The story The story The story
The story
other reflects reflects a reflects some
reflects
elements advance thorough understanding
advance
understanding understanding of the other
understanding
of the other of the other elements of
of the other
elements of elements of fiction (POV,
elements of
fiction (POV, fiction (POV, conflict, theme)
fiction (POV,
conflict, theme) conflict, theme)
conflict, theme)
Creativity The story The story The story
The story has a
contains many contains some contains few
little evidence
creative details creative details creative details
of the writer’s
that contribute that contribute that contribute
creativity. The
to the readers’ to the readers’ to the readers’
writer does not
enjoyment. enjoyment. enjoyment.
seem to use
much
imagination.

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 What I Have Learned

You are appreciated for working hard to arrive at this part of the module. Keep
up the good work! Now let us process what you have learned from the lesson.

Activity 6: Tickle Your Mind!

Directions: Below are the questions related to the previous discussions. Tickle your
mind and check your learning and understanding by answering briefly
but substantially the questions given. Be sure to communicate your
ideas clearly and imaginatively.
Rubric for answering the questions:

Point/s Indicator/Description
6 The organization of ideas or answers is very clear, imaginative, and
relevant to the question. The writer makes no error in grammar, spelling,
and mechanics.
5 The organization of ideas or answers is clear, imaginative, and relevant to
the question. The writer makes very few errors in grammar, spelling, and
mechanics.
3-4 The organization of ideas or answers is quite clear, imaginative, and
relevant to the question. The writer makes few errors in grammar,
spelling, and mechanics.
2 The organization of ideas or answers is not so clear, imaginative, and
relevant to the question. The writer makes some errors in grammar,
spelling, and mechanics.
1 The organization of ideas or answers is not clear, not imaginative, and not
relevant to the question. The writer makes many errors in grammar,
spelling, and mechanics.

1. How important is writing journal entries especially in exploring elements of

fiction?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What is the function of conflict in the story? How does it affect the characters?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Why is it important to create realistic setting in the story? What does the writer
need to remember in creating a setting for a story?

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 ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

4. How does the point of view affect the way you feel about the characters? Does
it make you sympathize more with one character than the other? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Job well done! You are well-appreciated for taking an effort to finish the
previous activities. Here is another activity that will help you apply the lesson to real
life situations.

Activity 7: Do It with a BANG!

Directions: Choose a topic that you want to write about. Make striking scenes for a
short story applying the key elements of fiction. You may make a draft first in a form
of journal entries in a separate sheet of paper. Make your own title for your story.
Remember the innovative techniques in presenting the short compositions using the
elements of fiction. Also, draw a striking scene that will summarize your story inside
the box. Finally, write your short story neatly on a separate sheet of paper.
Choose one from the given topics:
1. A love story between two COVID-19 Persons Under Monitoring (PUM) in a
Quarantine Facility
2. A story between frontliner and COVID-19 patient who met during the
pandemic
3. A parent’s love for his/her child, or a child’s love for his/her parents especially
in times of crisis
4. One’s struggle or journey during the COVID-19 pandemic

Please be guided with the rubrics provided in the next page.

Criteria 4 3 2 1
(Excellent) (Meets (Approaching (Does Not Meet
Expectations) Expectations) Expectations)

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Setting Many vivid, Some vivid, Only few The reader has
descriptive words descriptive words descriptive words difficulty
are used to tell are used to tell are used to supply figuring when
when and where the readers when the description of and where the
the story took and where the the time and place story happens.
place. story took place. of the story.

Characters The main The main The main It is hard to tell

characters are characters are characters are who the main
named and named and named, but the characters are.
clearly described. described. Most readers only
Most readers readers have knows very little
could accurately some idea of what about the main
picture out what the characters characters.
the characters look like.
look like.
Engaging The story has a The story has a Catchy beginning Little or no
Beginning very engaging an engaging is attempted but attempt is made
beginning. The beginning. The did not fully get to catch the
reader is pulled reader is pulled to the attention of the attention of the
to read the story read the story reader. reader in the
more. more. beginning of the
story.
Plot The story is well The story is pretty The story is quite The story is not
Organizati organized. The well-organized. organized, organized. The
on reader can The reader can however, the reader cannot
easily follow the follow the reader can hardly follow the
sequence of sequence of follow the sequence of
events with clear events with sequence of events events in the
transitions. transitions used. in the story. story.

Presence of The story reflects The story reflects The story reflects The story
other advance a thorough some reflects advance
elements understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding
the other the other the other elements of the other
elements of elements of fiction of fiction (POV, elements of
fiction (POV, (POV, conflict, conflict, theme) fiction (POV,
conflict, theme) theme) conflict, theme)
Title Title is very Title is quite Title is present but Title is present
creative, sparks creative, sparks does not quite but does not
interest, and is interest, and is spark interest, and spark interest,
related to the related to the is not quite related and is not
story and the story and the to the story and related to the
chosen topic. chosen topic. the chosen topic. story and the
chosen topic.

Creativity The story The story The story contains The story has a
contains many contains some few creative details little evidence of
creative details creative details and drawing that the writer’s
and drawing that and drawing that contribute to the creativity. The
contribute to the contribute to the readers’ writer does not
readers’ readers’ enjoyment. seem to use
enjoyment. enjoyment. much
imagination.

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 Assessment

Thank you for completing the previous activities given. Keep up the good work!
Before you end this module, try to assess what you have learned about exploring key
elements of fiction through writing journal entries and short compositions. Encircle
the letter of the correct answer.

1. You said, “You have to follow the protocols so that you can help the
government in solving the crisis brought by COVID-19 pandemic.” This is an
example of what point of view?
a. first person
b. second person
c. third person limited
d. third person omniscient

2. When you use hint at something that will happen later in the story, you are
using what technique?
a. irony
b. suspense
c. flashback
d. foreshadowing
3. Mario felt as confident as ever when he started his car that day. He noticed a
few clouds gathering overhead, but he did not worry about them. What plot
technique is used in the given example?
a. conflict
b. suspense
c. flashback
d. foreshadowing
4. When a character is trying to uncover who is responsible for spreading the
virus, what kind of conflict is this?
a. man vs. man
b. man vs. nature
c. man vs. society
d. man vs. himself
5. Which of the following is an example of a story’s theme?
a. The hospitals are full.
b. John was sad about his friend.
c. A mother’s love is unconditional.
d. The frontliners willingly help the patients.
6. What is a conflict?
a. It is the central idea of the story.
b. It is the sequence of events in the story.
c. It is the problem that the characters face in the story.
d. It is the part of the story where the problem reaches its peak.

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7. How will the readers know that a story is written in the second person?
a. The narrator is not in the story.
b. The narrator is addressing the reader.
c. The pronouns like I, my, and we are used.
d. The pronouns like you and yours are used.
8. Andrea describes the underlying meaning that the author tries to convey in
the book she just read. This means that Andrea is describing what element?
a. plot
b. theme
c. setting
d. conflict
9. Which of the following is NOT true about themes?
a. There can be many themes in a story.
b. Themes teach lessons about life.
c. Themes are always the author’s thoughts about human nature.
d. Themes can be understood by all readers regardless, of culture and
country.
10. Which of the examples below define Man vs. Society?
a. Leovelyn has an argument with her sister, Irish.
b. Imee lost her house due to the recent typhoon.
c. Roger disagrees with the beliefs that the organization believes in.
d. Carol struggles from delivering her speech in front of the audience.
11. Which is NOT true about journal entries?
a. They can take any form the writer likes.
b. They are always between 500 – 1000 words.
c. They help you turn your thoughts into words.
d. They are the expressions of your personal growth.

12. Which of the following should be the first thing to do when writing journal
entries and short compositions?
a. write a list
b. write a dialogue
c. read your journal
d. describe the elements
13. Why is there a need to reread your journal entries in exploring elements of
fiction?
a. to help you end the story
b. to help you improve your writing
c. to help you write a list of important elements
d. to help you describe the elements in your journal entries
14. Which of the following is the BEST order for writing journal entries?
a. read your journal, describe the elements, write a list, write a dialogue
b. write a dialogue, write a list, describe the elements, read your journal
c. describe the elements, write a list, write a dialogue, read your journal
d. write a list, describe the elements, write a dialogue, read your journal
15. How does journal writing help in exploring elements of fiction?
a. It can help you express your opinions.
b. It can help you compose complex stories.
c. It can help you understand better the author’s craft.
d. It can help you describe the conflict in the story better.

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 Additional Activities

Congratulations! You have come this far and about to finish this module. Try
to reflect on the information that you have learned from the lesson.

Activity 8: An Eloquent Exit

Directions: Compose at least one (1) stanza song/rap that shows your reflection
based on the given guide question. This will serve as your Exit Slip for
this module. Write your reflection song in the Exit Arrow provided.

Guide Question:
What was the most important thing
that you have learned from this
module?

(If you wish to, you may record your voice or take a video of yourself singing the song
that you have composed and send it to your teacher through messenger or other
available means)

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 Answer Key

15. c d 15.
d 14. b 14.
b 13. a 13.
a 12. b 12.
b 11. b 11.
c 10. 10. flashback d 10.
c 9. theme 9. a 9.
b 8. conflict 8. c 8.
d 7. symbol 7. d 7.
c 6. point of view 6. d 6.
c 5. foreshadowing 5. a 5.
a 4. plot 4. a 4.
d 3. dynamic character 3. 3. a
2. d setting 2. 2. b
1. b protagonist 1. 1. c

Assessment What’s In What I Know

References

Jose, L. and Larioque, R. (2017). Creative writing for senior high school.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.

Johnson, E. (2020, September 2). How to create a good journal entry. Retrieved
from https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Create-a-Good-Journal
Entry/

Journal writing: Benefits, examples and prompts. (2020, September 2). Retrieved
from https://study.com/academy/lesson/journal-writing-topics-prompts
tips.html.

What are journal entries and how to write them. (2020, September 2). Retrieved
from https://penzu.com/journal-entries

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners in Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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