B.

3 Power Updated Syllabus

Name; Grade/Section;

a) Sources
Candidates should be able to:
• describe, with the help of a simple diagram for each method, how non-renewable fuels
(coal, crude oil and natural gas) are extracted
(i) coal as obtained by open cast, adit and shaft mining methods
(ii) natural gas and crude oil obtained by exploration and drilling
• understand the difference between renewable and non-renewable sources of electricity
• explain (briefly) how electricity can be generated from renewable resources (hydel, wind,
solar, and other possibilities such as wave, tidal, biofuels, geothermal)
b) Non-renewables
Candidates should be able to:
• describe the quality and the amount of coal available from within Pakistan and how long
reserves are likely to last, and also describe the types of coal which have to be imported
for industrial purposes
• describe how both coal produced in Pakistan and imported are transported to the end
users
• state how much natural gas is produced by Pakistan, and how long reserves are likely to
last
• describe the extent of the natural gas pipeline network in Pakistan and explain how
natural gas can be taken to those parts of Pakistan away from the pipelines, and the
limitations of doing this
• state how much oil is produced by Pakistan, how long reserves will last and how much
oil is imported, and explain why it is necessary to import large amounts of oil
• describe the extent of the oil pipeline network in Pakistan and describe the other
methods that are used to transport both imported oil and oil produced in Pakistan
• explain the different ways by which electricity is generated
(i) in thermal power stations by burning coal, natural gas or oil
(ii) in nuclear power stations
(iii) in hydel power stations
(iv) from other renewable sources such as the wind and the sun
• understand that non-renewable power sources are running out, and are increasing in
price
c) Renewables
Candidates should be able to:
• explain and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of
producing
• electricity from renewable resources (generated by water, wind, wave and sun)
• understand the physical and human conditions that favour the development of multi-
purpose hydel schemes
• state and explain the factors, both physical and human, which promote or hinder the
• availability of electricity and other power resources listed, including the feasibility of
small-scale, renewable power generation
• explain why the supply of electricity is not sufficient or reliable in many parts of Pakistan
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B.3 Power a) Sources, b) Non-renewables, c) Renewables
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Question. 3 (May / June 2020)

(a) (i) Study Fig. (below), a diagram showing a method of coal extraction.

Complete the boxes on Fig. (above) by choosing the correct words from the list below. [4]
cable cage coal seams head frame tunnel winch wheel
(ii) Using Fig. (above), state the depth of the mine at X. [1]
........................................................... m
(iii) The method of coal extraction shown in Fig. (above) is an example of:
open cast mining adit mining shaft mining
Circle the correct answer. [1]
(b) (i) Name two types of coal found in Pakistan and describe the characteristics of each. [4]
type ...........................................
characteristics ..........................................................................................................................
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characteristics ..........................................................................................................................
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(ii) State one major use of coal in Pakistan. [1]
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(c) (i) Study Fig. (below), a diagram showing a hydel power station.

Using Fig. (above) only, describe how electricity can be generated using this method. [4]
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(ii) Explain two benefits of generating electricity using hydel power.
You should develop your answer. [4]
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(d) Read the following two views about providing a sufficient and reliable electricity supply for
Pakistan, now and in the future:
A. “Pakistan should make use of its fossil fuel resources for as long as they are available.”
B. “Pakistan should prepare for the future and further develop its renewable energy
resources.”
Which view do you agree with more? Give reasons to support your answer and refer to
examples you have studied. You should consider View A and View B in your answer. [6]
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Question. 3 (October / November 2020)
Study Fig. (below), a diagram showing oil prospecting and drilling.

(a) (i) Complete the labels on Fig. (above) by choosing the correct words from the list below. [2]
derrick drill pipe refinery valves

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(ii) Study Fig. (below), a line graph showing daily oil consumption in Pakistan from 2007 to
2017.

Complete Fig. (above) by plotting daily oil

consumption in 2012 using the information
opposite. [2]
(iii) How many barrels of crude oil were produced per day in Pakistan in 2019? [1]
Circle the correct answer.
69 000 91 000 113 000
(iv) State two ways that oil is transported on land in Pakistan. [2]
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
(b) (i) Define the term ‘refined’. [1]
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(ii) Study Fig. (below), a photograph of an oil refinery in Pakistan.

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Using Fig. (on previous page) only, describe the features of the oil refinery shown. [3]
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(iii) Name two oil refineries in Pakistan and state where each one is located. [4]

(c) Explain how oil is used to generate electricity in a thermal power station.
You should develop your answer. [4]
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(d) In 2017 Pakistan discovered its largest oil and gas reserve at Jhandial Well. It is expected
that at least 292 billion cubic feet of gas and 23 million barrels of oil can be recovered.
Evaluate whether Pakistan should develop new oil and gas reserves. Give reasons to support
your judgement and refer to examples you have studied. You should consider different
points of view in your answer. [6]
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Question. 3 (May / June 2022)
(a) (i) Study Fig. (below), a diagram showing three methods of coal extraction.

Name the three methods of coal extraction shown in Fig. (above) in the spaces provided. [3]
(ii) Study Fig. (on next page), a photograph of a mine in Pakistan.
Using Fig. (on next page) only, identify two features of the mine shown. [2]
1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
(iii) Suggest how coal is extracted from the type of mine shown in Fig. (above). [2]
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(b) (i) Define ‘renewable’ and ‘non-renewable’. [2]

renewable .................................................................................................................................
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non-renewable ..........................................................................................................................
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(ii) Complete the table to classify
by type (renewable or non-
renewable), the energy
resources listed below. [3]
coal gas hydel oil solar wind
(iii) Study Fig. (below), a pie chart showing the percentage share by value of Pakistan’s
energy sources.

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Complete Fig. (on previous page) using the information in the key. [3]
(c) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of generating electricity using solar power.
You should develop your answer. [4]
advantage .................................................................................................................................
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(d) Pakistan plans to generate 60 per cent of its power using renewable energy by 2030, yet
coal-fired power stations are being rapidly developed. In 2016 there was one coal-fired power
station and by 2019 there were nine, providing 15 per cent of Pakistan’s electricity supply.
To what extent is it possible for Pakistan to generate more of its power from renewable
energy? Give reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied.
You should consider different points of view in your answer. [6]
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