Chapter 4 Applications of Derivatives

Section 4.1 Maximum and Minimum Values

Absolute Global Minimum and MaximumValues

Let c be a number in the domain D of a function f
fcc is an absolute maximum value of f on D if
x in
flo z fix for all D

fcc is an absolute minimum value of f on D if

flo s fix for all x in D

gtbs.la
yy
Local Minimum and MaximumValues
fld is a local maximum of f if fld f x near c

fcc is a local minimum of f if floe flex near c

Example I
Describe the local min and Max values of f x cos x
cos Int l and cos can Dit l

qffy local mats

I E cos X El
at cos Int
local mins I at coscantDit
Example 2
Describe the maximums and minimums of fix x
42 0 So fed O for all X
Therefore flo o is the absolute minimum and
a local minimum of f x

Example 3
Describe the maximums and minimums of flax
f x p has fin fix x and Yim fix
since infinity is not a real number the mins Mars DNE

Example 4
use the graph to describe the extreme values of fla

yg
Abs Min
yyiiiii.ae

Local Min B D

The Extreme Value Theorem

If f is continuous on a closed interval Ca b then f
attains an absolute Max and and absolute min in a b

Not
Ei En É
continuously
No Max
Not closedinterva
NoMax Min
Fermat's theorem
If f has a local minimum or maximum at c and if f c
exists than f Cc 0
If f Cc 0 that does not automatically mean there is a
local max or min at C Example is f x x where f o 0

Also a function can have a max or min at c even if f ca

DN E Example is flatly has local min at 4 0 but f o DNE

Ei
Critical Numbers
A critical number of a function f is a number c in the
domain such that f d o or fed DNE
If f has a local min or Max then it will occur at a
critical number

The Closed Interval Method

To find the absolute min and Max values of a continuous
function f on a closed interval a b
Find critical numbers of f
Find the values of f at the critical number and at
the endpoints of the closed interval
The largest of the values from step ii is the absolute
maximum and the smallest of the values from
step ii is the absolute minimum
Example 5
Find the critical numbers of flex 431514 x
25
f x x 1 4 x 3 815
25 1
11 554 55 5 1,25 34
12
8,4
critical numbers of f x are where f x o or DN
f x O f LD DN E
O where denominator 0
854
0 552
0 8 12
84 12 0 5 2
3
4 2 1 0

Example 6
One of the models for the growth rate of a population of
size N at a time t reflects the fact that some population
decline to extinction unless they stay above a critical value
A particular case of this model is FCN NCN 3 8 NJ where
N is measured in hundreds of individuals Find the absolu
maximum and minimum values of the growth rate on
O EN e 9
the closed interval 0,97 so
3
f N N N 3 8 N N 1IN 24N F N 3N322N 24
Critical numbers f N 0 or f N DNE
3N 22N 24 0 f N NCN3 8 N Abs Max 36
N 221 27
4 flo o at N 6
f 433 40012
221 6 Abs Min 54
fl 6 36 at N 9
22 4 f 9 54
43and 6
Example 7
Find the absolute max and min of f on the interval E
3,4
2
for f x x 8 9
3
f x 8 79
x f x 4 16x
critical numbers where f x 0 or
f'G ONE
3 2
0 4 164 flax 8 9 7
Abs Min
0 4 216 fl 3 18 at x 2 and4 4
O x 2 47674 fl 2 7 Abs Max 137
4 0 2,2 Flo 9 at 4 4
f 2 7
f 47 137