INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL

SIGNAL, TRANSMITTER and FIELDBUS

PT. MAIRODI MANDIRI SEJAHTERA

TRAINING, CONSULTING & ENGINEERING SERVICES
training@mairodi-training.com
www.mairodi-training.com
Telp/Fax: +62 22 721 5668
 BASIC INSTRUMENTATION &
CONTROL

1) Signal Transmission (Electric and

Pneumatic)
2) Transmitter Analog and Digital
3) Fieldbus

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BASIC INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
(PNEUMATIC & ELECTRIC)
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Pneumatic transmitters

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Pneumatic Infrastructure

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Pneumatic Signal Transmission

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Connection Analog Transmitter

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DCS Based Analog Infra-Structure

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NAMUR Recommendation NE 43

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Basic Wiring Scheme

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 Transmitter Minimum
Requirements

 In order to serve as a constant current source

transmitters need a minimum voltage at the terminals at
the maximum current draw of 20 (22) mA
 This minimum voltage is ~ 12 volt, but may vary from
manufacturer to manufacturer.
 Variation is ~10.5 – 12.5 volt
 Consult the spec sheets to find the correct value

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Loop Calculation

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 Loop Calculation

 Always calculate the worst case : e.g. Power supply = 24

volt ±1.5 volt thus 22.5 volt
 Always calculate with the maximum current draw : 20
mA (even better 22 mA –fault condition current)
 Make allowance for deterioration of e.g. junction box
terminals ( increased resistance over time of the terminal
screws due to corrosion)
 Cable deterioration

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Use of Safety Barrier

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 POWER SUPPLY EFFECT

Think about the influences of the variation of the power

 What is the operating limit for the transmitter
 Is there still enough energy available to power the
transmitter?
 Is other cable required?
 What about short power supply interruptions

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 LOAD EFFECT

 What is the maximum load we can put to e.g. a

transmitter?
 What are the impedances of the different components?

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POWER SUPPLY AND LOAD
EFFECT

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 POWER SUPPLY AND LOAD EFFECT
EXAMPLE

The available voltage at the transmitter terminals is minimum 12

volt. The voltage loss across the input resistor for the DCS is 250*
0.02 = 5 volt.
The maximum allowable voltage loss across the cable is therefore
24 – 5 – 12 = 7 volts.
At maximum current of 20 mA the maximum cable resistance is
7/0.02 = 350 ohms.
At a typical value for the cable resistance of 40 ohm/km the total
length is 350/40 = 8.74 km.
The maximum distance between transmitter and DCS is 8.75/2 =
4.375 km

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IEC 60529 Degree of Ingress
Protection

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BASIC INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

TRANSMITTER

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Transmitter Overview

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Types of Transmitter Outputs

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Analog Transmitter

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 Analog Transmitter
How Analog Transmitters Works ?

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 Analog Transmitter
4-20 mA Current Loop

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Smart Transmitter

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 Smart Transmitter
Analog vs Smart Transmitter

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 Smart Transmitter
HART® Protocol

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 Smart Transmitter
HART® Protocol: 4-20 mA Current Loop

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 Smart Transmitter
HART® Protocol: Communications

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 Smart Transmitter
HART® Protocol: Multidropping

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Benefits of Smart Transmitter Against Analog
Transmitter

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BASIC INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

FIELDBUS

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 Fieldbus
What is Fieldbus?

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 Fieldbus
H1 - 31.25 kbit/s Field Devices

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 Fieldbus
H1 Signal Transmission

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 Fieldbus
Terminators

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 Fieldbus
Application

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 Fieldbus
Fieldbus Network Standard

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 Fieldbus
Fieldbus Supports Multiple Topology

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 Profibus
PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) adalah standar untuk fieldbus
communication dipromosikan 1989 dipakai oleh Siemens.

Communication Protocol and Physical Layer Family

 Profibus FMS (Field bus Message Specification) dirancang untuk
tugas komunikasi yang kompleks. Profibus FMS digunakan untuk
komunikasi data antar Profibus Masters.
 Profibus DP (Decentralised Peripherals) adalah protokol dibuat
untuk komunikasi antara master Profibus dan remote I/O. Profibus
DP digunakan untuk mengoperasikan sensor dan aktuator melalui
pengontrol terpusat dalam aplikasi produksi (plant).
 Profibus PA (Process Automation) digunakan untuk memonitor
peralatan pengukuran melalui sistem kontrol dalam aplikasi otomasi
proses. PA memiliki tingkat transmisi data dari 31,25 kbit/s. Namun,
PA menggunakan protokol yang sama dengan DP, dan dapat
dihubungkan ke jaringan DP menggunakan perangkat coupler.
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 Profibus
Profibus Topology

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FoundationTM Fieldbus

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 FoundationTM Fieldbus

FF Topology

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 FoundationTM Fieldbus

Control Anywhere

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A Typical Plant Today

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