MATH Autumn 2022

u7082276 Assignment

Statement of Collaboration - u7082276

Statement of Collaboration
For this assignment, I collaborated with Sheil Sequeira and Aden Power.

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 MATH Autumn 2022
u7082276 Assignment

Question 1: Let S2 denote the unit sphere in R3 , we prove S2 ∼ R

Solution. a) First we note that R3 ∼ R. We note that since S2 ⊂ R3 , and S2 ∼ S2 , we have

that S2 is equinumerous to a subset of R3 , hence,

S 2 ≤ R3 = c
S2 ≤ c

by the theorem proved in class. Now we note that, (0, 1] = c we claim that the function,

− S2
f : (0, 1] →
√
f (x) = (x, 1 − x2 , 0)

is an injection and is well-defined. We note that, for all x ∈ (0, 1],

x2 + (1 − x2 ) + 02 = x2 + 1 − x2 = 1

hence for all x ∈ (0, 1], f (x) ∈ S 2 . We prove this is an injection.

Proof. Suppose x, y ∈ (0, 1] with f (x) = f (y), then,
√ p
(x, 1 − x2 , 0) = (y, 1 − y 2 , 0)
x=y

as required, hence f is an injection. Thus,

c = (0, 1] ≤ S2
c ≤ S2

Thus since, c ≤ S2 and S 2 ≤ c, by the Cantor-Schroder-Bernstein Theorem,

S2 = c
S2 = R

as required. ■
parts b and c are on the following pages. ■

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