LESSON 1 RULES FOR CHORDS, SECANTS, AND TANGENTS IN CIRCLES

A. TWO CHORDS

THEOREM: If two chords intersect in a circle, the product of the lengths of the segments of one
chord equal the product of the segments of the other.
INTERSECTING CHORDS FORMULA:
(segment piece) x(segment piece)=¿
( segment piece) x(segment piece)
FORMULA:
a∗b=c∗d

PROOF:

EXAMPLE 1: Find the value of x .

SOLUTION: From the given illustration and conditions, we let a=x , b=10,
c=12 ,and d=8
By substitution, we have

a∗b=c∗d Intersecting Chords Formula

x∗10=12∗8 Substitute the values of a, b, c, and d
10 x=96 Simplify
10 x 96 Multiplication Property of Equality
=
10 10
x=9.6 Answer
Therefore, the value of x segment is9.6 units .
EXAMPLE 2: Given circle O with chords as marked. Find x .
SOLUTION: From the given illustration and conditions, we let a=x , b=12, c=6 ,
and d= x+2
By substitution, we have

a∗b=c∗d Intersecting Chords Formula

x∗12=6( x +2) Substitute the values of a, b, c, and d
12 x=6 x+12 Simplify
12 x−6 x=12 Addition Property of Equality
6 x 12 Multiplication Property of Equality
=
6 6
x=2 Answer
Therefore, the value of x segment is2 units.
B. SECANT-SECANT
THEOREM: If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from the same external point, the
product of the length of one secant segment and its external part is equal to the product of the
length of the other secant segment and its external part.
SECANT-SECANT FORMULA:
( whole secant )∗( external secant )=( whole secant )∗( external secant )
FORMULA:
a∗b=c∗d

PROOF:

EXAMPLE 1: Find the value of x .

SOLUTION: From the given illustration and conditions, we let a=x+ x=2 x , b=x , c=32 , and d=9
By substitution, we have
a∗b=c∗d Secant-Secant Formula
Substitute the values of a, b, c,
( 2 x )∗( x )=( 32 )∗( 9 )
and d
2
2 x =288 Simplify
2
2 x 288 Multiplication property of
=
2 2 Equality
2
x =144 Simplify
Take the square root of both
√ x 2=√144 sides
x=12 Answer
Therefore, the value of segment is 12 units .
x
EXAMPLE 2: Given circle O with two secants, as marked, intersecting at A . Find x .
SOLUTION: From the given illustration and conditions, we let
a=5+7=12, b=5, c=x , and d=4
By substitution, we have

a∗b=c∗d Secant-Secant Formula

( 12 )∗( 5 )=( x )∗( 4 ) Substitute the values of a, b, c,
 and d
60=4 x Simplify
4 x 60 Multiplication property of
=
4 4 Equality
x=15 Answer
Therefore, the value of x segment is 15 units .
C. TANGENT-SECANT
THEOREM: If a secant segment and tangent segment are drawn to a circle from the
same external point, the length of the tangent segment is the geometric mean between the
length of the secant segment and the length of the external part of the secant segment.
TANGENT-SECANT FORMULA:
( tangent )2=( whole secant )∗( external part )

FORMULA:
2
a =b∗c

PROOF:

EXAMPLE 1: Find the value of x .

SOLUTION: From the given illustration and conditions, we let a=x , b=12+4=16 ,
and c=4
By substitution, we have

2
a =b∗c Tangent-Secant Formula
( x )2=( 16 )∗( 4 ) Substitute the values of a, b, and c
x 2=64 Simplify
√ x 2=√ 64 Take the square root of both sides
x=8 Simplify
Therefore, the value of x segment is 8 units.
EXAMPLE 2: Find the value of y .
SOLUTION: From the given illustration and conditions, we let
a=20, b= y +30, and c= y
By substitution, we have
 2
a =b∗c Tangent-Secant Formula
2
( 20 ) = ( y +30 )∗( y ) Substitute the values of a, b, and c
2
400= y +30 y Simplify
2
y +30 y−400=0 Addition Property of Equality
( y +40 )( y −10 )=0 Take the factor then simplify
y + 40=0 y−10=0
y=−40 y=10 Answer.
Since we are talking about distance, then we need to take the positive value. Thus, the value of y segment is
10 units.

B. AREA OF SECTOR OF A CIRCLE

DEFINITION: A sector of a circle is the portion of a circle enclosed by two radii and an arc. It resembles a
"pizza" slice.
FORMULA:

n s
A= π r2 A= π r2
360 ° 2 πr
where n=¿ number of where s=¿ arc length of the
degrees in central angle of sector
sector r =¿ radius
r =¿ radius

EXAMPLE 1: Find the area of a sector with a central angle of 40º and a radius of 12 cm. Express answer to the
nearest hundredth.
Given: n=40 ° , r =12cm , and A=?
n 2
Formula: A= πr
360 °
Solution:
n 2 Area of the sector Formula
A= πr
360 °
40 ° 2 Substitute the values of n and r
A= π ( 12cm )
360 °
1 Simplify
¿ ( 144 c m ) π
2
9
A=50.27 c m
2
Answer
Conclusion: The area of a sector is 50.27 c m2

EXAMPLE 2 : Find the area of the sector shown at the right. The radius of the
circle is5 units and the length of the minor arc from A to B is 3.93 units. Express the
answer to the nearest hundredth of a square unit.
Given: s=3.93units , r =5units , and A=?
s 2
Formula: A= πr
2 πr
Solution:
s 2 Area of the sector Formula
A= πr
2 πr
3.93 Substitute the values of s and r
A= π ( 5 )2
2 π (5)
3.93 Simplify
¿ ( 25 )
10
393 Answer
A= ≈ 9.83
40
Conclusion: The area of a sector is 9.83 sq . units.
B. AREA OF SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE
DEFINITION: The segment of a circle is the region bounded by a chord and the arc subtended by the chord.

FORMULA:
A segment = A sector − Atriangle

EXAMPLE 1: Find the area of a segment of a circle with a central angle of 120 degrees and a radius of 8 cm.
Express answer to the nearest hundredth.
Given: n=120 ° and r =8 cm
Formula: A segment = A sector − Atriangle
Solution:
Start by finding the area of the sector.

n Area of the sector Formula

A sector = π r2
360°
120 ° Substitute the values of n and r
A sector = π ( 8 cm )2
360°
1 Simplify
¿ π ( 64 c m )
2
3
A sector =67.02 c m
2
Answer
*Hence, the area of the sector is 67.02 c m2 .
Now, find the area of the triangle through recalling the concept of triangles.
Dropping the altitude from the center forms a 30-60-90 degree triangle.
Using the 30-60-90 rules (or trigonometry), find the altitude, which is 4, and
the other leg, which is 4 √3∨6.92820323 .
1 Area of the triangle
Atriangle = bh
2
1 Substitute the computed values of
Atriangle = ( 2∗4 √ 3 ) ( 4 )
2 b and h
1 Simplify
¿ (8 √ 3)(4 )
2
Atriangle =16 √ 3 27.71 c m Answer
2

*Hence, the area of the triangle is 27.71 c m2.

By substitution, we have
A segment = A sector − Atriangle Area of the segment Formula
 Substitute the computed area of the sector and
A segment =67.02 c m2−27.71 c m2
triangle then simplify
¿ 39.31 c m2 Answer

Conclusion: Thus, the area of the segment is 39.31 c m2 .

EXAMPLE 2: Find the area of the segment shown at the right. The radius of
the circle is 5∈¿., the altitude of ΔAOB is 3∈. , and m∠ AOB is 106 degrees.
Express the answer to the nearest hundredth of a square inch.
Given: n=106 ° , a=3∈¿ and r =5∈¿
Formula: A segment = A sector − Atriangle
Solution:
First, solve for the area of the sector.

n 2 Area of the sector Formula

A= πr
360 °
106 ° Substitute the values of n and r
A= π ¿¿
360 °
53 Simplify
¿ π (25 in2 )
180
A=23.13i n
2
Answer
2
*Hence, the area of the sector is 23.13 in .
Now, find the area of the triangle. Solve for the measurement of the base of the triable through
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM. We let c=5 , a=3, and b=half of the base of the triangle .
2
c =a + b
2 2
Pythagorean Theorem
2 2
( 5 ) =( 3 ) +b 2
Substitute the values of a amd c .
25=9+b
2
Simplify
25−9=b 2
Addition Property of Equality
2
b =16 Simplify
√ b2= √16 Take the square root of both sides.
b=± 4=4 Answer. There are two possible answers but we have to take the
positive value since we are talking about measurements.
b=2 ( 4 )=8∈¿ We multiply two to the base since we are taking the base of the
whole triangle.
We are ready to solve for the area of the triangle.
1 Area of the triangle
Atriangle = bh
2
1 Substitute the computed values of b and h
Atriangle = ¿
2
1 Simplify
¿ (24 i n2 )
2
Atriangle =12 in
2
Answer
*Hence, the area of the triangle is12 in2 .
By substitution,
A segment = A sector − Atriangle Area of the segment Formula
Substitute the computed area of the sector and
A segment =23.13 in 2−12i n2
triangle then simplify
¿ 11.13 in
2
Answer
Conclusion: Thus, the area of the segment is 11.13 in2 .
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MATHEMATICS 10
SEGMENTS, TANGENTS, SECANTS, AND SECTORS OF A CIRCLE

NAME: ____________________________ SECTION/STRAND: ____________ SCORE: ______________

SUBMISSION DATE: December 2, 2022 SUBJECT TEACHERS: KYLENE FAITH R. DAGUIO

A. Find the area of the shaded. Show complete solution.

SOLUTION:

FINAL ANSWER:

SOLUTION:

FINAL ANSWER:

FINAL
# PROBLEM SOLUTION
ANSWER
 1.

2.

3.

Make a design of an arch bridge that would connect two places which
are separated by a river, 6” wide. Indicate on the design the different
measurements of the parts of the bridge. Out of the design and the
measurements of its parts, formulate problems involving tangent and
secant segments, and then solve. Use the rubric provided to rate your
work.
Criteria: Content (50%) Completeness (20%) Creativity (20%) Neatness (10%)

Illustration:

Problem:
Solution: