The Psychology class where Danielle got married!

(lol) 🤯 💍😂
🤭😂
● Schedules of Reinforcement
● Fixed ratio - R after regular number of responses
● Variable ratio - R after specific number of responses, on average (highest rate
of responding; root of persistence or determination)
● Fixed interval - R after specific amount of time
● Variable interval - R after an average time interval
○ Each schedule yields distinctive response patterns

● Applications of OC
● Animal training using shaping by successive approximations and chaining
● Overcoming procrastination via the Premack principle
○ Reward yourself with higher frequency behaviours ONLY after you have
done the behaviour (less frequent) that you are procrastinating about
○ Go on instagram AFTER you have studied. Earn your instagram time.
● Development of superstitious behaviour
○ Actions linked to reinforcement by sheer confidence
● Using token economies in clinical settings to shape desired behaviours
○ Primary and secondary (neutral until associated with a primary
Reinforcers
○ Points for ice cream
● Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) for language deficits in autism

● Observational Learning
● Simply means learning by watching others (younger siblings copying older
siblings; learning by watching and trying to copy what they see)
● Don’t have to engage in trial and error to learn how to do something new
● Bandura’s research on observing aggression

● Reel and Real World Violence

● Many types of research has examined the impact of violent media on behaviour
● Results suggest that media violence impacts real-world aggression in some
cases
● But, media violence is only one small contributor to real-world aggression
○ Low internal validity (can’t draw cause and effect inferences)