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阿尔金中段吐格曼地区花岗伟... 稀有金属成矿特征与找矿预测 徐兴旺
阿尔金中段吐格曼地区花岗伟... 稀有金属成矿特征与找矿预测 徐兴旺
03
阿尔金中段吐格曼地区花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属成矿
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特征与找矿预测
1,2,3 1,2,3 4 5 4 4 1,2,3 1,2,3
徐兴旺 李杭 石福品 姚佛军 陈建中 杨智全 洪涛 柯强
XU XingWang1,2,3 ,LI Hang1,2,3 ,SHI FuPin4 ,YAO FoJun5 ,CHEN JianZhong4 ,YANG ZhiQuan4 ,HONG Tao1,2,3 and KE Qiang1,2,3
1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,北京 100029
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京 100029
4. 新疆地矿局第三地质大队,库尔勒 841000
5. 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京 100037
1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
3. Institutions of Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
4. No. 3 Geological Party,Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Korla 841000,China
5. MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,
China
2019-07-01 收稿,2019-09-13 改回 .
Xu XW,Li H,Shi FP,Yao FJ,Chen JZ,Yang ZQ,Hong T and Ke Q. 2019. Metallogenic characteristics and prospecting
of granitic pegmatite-type rare metal deposits in the Tugeman area,middle part of Altyn Tagh. Acta Petrologica Sinica,35
( 11) : 3303 - 3316,doi: 10. 18654 /1000-0569 /2019. 11. 03
Abstract The middle part of Altyn Tagh,Ruoqiang County,Xinjiang,is a favorable area for granitic pegmatite-type rare metal
mineralization. At present,the Tugeman Be-Li,Tugeman North Li-Be and Washixia South Li-Be deposits have been discovered.
Among them,the Tugeman Be-Li and Tugeman North Li-Be ore deposits,occurred in middle and northern part of the Tugeman layered
granite,had been evaluated to be medium scale. This paper summarizes types of rare metal granitic pegmatites in the Turgman area,
and introduces characteristics and formation ages of the Turgman Be-Li and Turgman North Li-Be deposits. Distribution of granite and
granitic pegmatite were revealed based on granitic and pegmatitic spectral information extraction of ASTER remote sensing data. It is
pointed out that the Tuoba and Ayag granitic pegmatite groups in the middle part of Tuoba gneissic monzonitic granite and south contact
zone of the Ayag biotite-plagioclase granite,respectively,are two potential rare metal prospecting targets. The corresponding dominant
rare-metal minerals for the Tugeman Be-Li,Tugeman North Li-Be,and Washixia South Li-Be deposits were beryl,spodumene and
lepidolite,respectively. The Tugeman Be-Li granitic pegmatites are characterized by development of K-feldspar,whereas albite crystals
are major rock-forming minerals in the Tugeman North Li-Be and Washixia South Li-Be deposits. The Tugeman Be-Li granitic
pegmatites were emplaced along some shear fractures or faults with dendritic or echelon shape,some pegmatites contain typical zoning
with border aplite zone,intermediate K-feldspar zone,core-margin tourmaline-beryl zone and quartz core. Moreover,the Tugeman Be-
Li granitic pegmatite deposit was formed in late Middle Ordovician ( ca. 460Ma) during post-collision stage of the collision between the
Middle Altyn block and Qaidam block after the closure of the southern Altyn Ocean.
Key words The middle part of Altyn Tagh; Tugeman; Rare metals; Granitic pegmatite; Target prospecting
摘 要 新疆若羌县阿尔金中段吐格曼地区是花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属成矿的有利地区,目前已发现吐格曼铍锂矿、吐格曼
北锂铍矿和瓦石峡南锂铍矿,其中发育于吐格曼层状花岗岩中心的吐格曼铍锂矿和北部接触带的吐格曼北锂铍矿已达中型
规模。本文总结了吐格曼地区稀有金属花岗伟晶岩的类型,报导了吐格曼铍锂矿和吐格曼北锂铍矿伟晶岩的特征与形成时
代。并基于 ASTER 遥感岩体与伟晶岩光谱信息提取成果揭示花岗岩与花岗伟晶岩的分布,指出托巴片麻状二长花岗岩中段
花岗伟晶岩区以及阿亚格黑云斜长花岗岩南接触带花岗伟晶岩群是稀有金属找矿靶区,指出吐格曼铍锂矿花岗伟晶岩形成
于中奥陶世晚期( 460Ma) 南阿尔金洋闭合后阿中地块与柴达木地块碰撞过程的后碰撞阶段。
关键词 阿尔金山中段; 吐格曼; 稀有金属; 花岗伟晶岩; 找矿预测
中图法分类号 P612; P618. 6
图4 吐格曼地区花岗伟晶岩部分类型照片
( a) 黑云二长花岗岩中的黑云母二长花岗伟晶岩; ( b) 电气石钠长石伟晶岩; ( c) 电气石绿柱石钾长石英伟晶岩; ( d) 锂辉石伟晶岩; ( e) 白
云母金绿宝石石榴子石石英伟晶岩; ( f) 锂云母钠长石英伟晶岩
Fig. 4 Images of different granitic pegmatite in the Tugeman area
( a) biotite monzonitic pegmatite in a biotite monzonite granite; ( b) tourmaline-albite-quartz pegmatite; ( c) tourmaline-beryl-bearing feldspar-quartz
pegmatite; ( d) spodumene-bearing pegmatite; ( e) muscovite-chrysoberyl-garnet quartz pegmatite; ( f) lepidolite-albite-quartz pegmatite
图5 吐格曼岩体北部阿尔金群地层中形态不规则的钠长石石英伟晶岩脉( a) 及其内部分带特征( b)
Fig. 5 Field images of irregular shaped albite-quartz pegmatite dyke ( a) with an enlargement showing inner zone characteristics
( b) in the Altyn Group north to the Tugeman granite
3308 Acta Petrologica Sinica 岩石学报 2019,35( 11)
4 花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属找矿预测
吐格曼地区 ASTER 遥感花岗岩与伟晶岩信息提取与识
别结果显示,除已发现的 3 个矿床外,研究区还有一些地区
发育大量的稀有金属花岗伟晶岩,其中重要的找矿靶区有两
个: 托巴稀有金属花岗伟晶岩区与阿亚格岩体南接触带稀有
金属花岗伟晶岩带( 图 2) 。预测的依据包括 3 个方面: 1) 遥
感显示有大量伟晶岩发育; 2) 遥感岩性识别异常显示这些伟
晶岩可能是含矿的伟晶岩; 3) 与伟晶岩共生的花岗岩中发育
二云母花岗岩,即存在高分异花岗岩与稀有金属富集成矿的
动力学背景。
3312 Acta Petrologica Sinica 岩石学报 2019,35( 11)
Fig. 8 ASTER ( a) and Google Earth ( b) images showing distribution of granite and pegmatite dykes in the Tuoba target
The white lines in the figure outline the boundary of granite and strata,whereas the yellow lines for granitic pegmatites. AG-Alkali-feldspar granite;
BMG-biotite monzogranite; MMG-muscovite-biotite monzogranite. tγρ1-the number of pegmatite dykes; fw( Pt2 ) -Middle Proterozoic flysch formation;
Pt2 A-Altyn Group ( the blue bodies in Fig. 8a displaying calcareous schist or marble) . F1 ,F2 and F3 are the three faults in the target area,among
which F1 is the fault controlling the northern boundary of Tuoba pluton. The white dotted lines in Fig. 8c showing schistoid structure
外,靶区其它脉体形态都为规则脉状,长 60 ~ 1000m、宽 10
4. 1 托巴稀有金属花岗伟晶岩区 ~ 50m。
托巴稀有金属花岗伟晶岩区位于托巴岩体中部( 图 2) 。 对比 ASTER 遥感岩性光谱异常图与 Google Earth 遥感
在 ASTER 遥感岩性光谱异常图中区内可圈出脉体 22 条( 图 卫片图,发现三角形状的 bγρ1 脉实为一坡积扇,该异常脉不
8a) 。其中,规模较大的有两条,即位于靶区东侧的 bγρ1 脉 是含矿的花岗伟晶岩 脉,而 其 它 脉 体 为 花 岗 伟 晶 岩 脉 ( 图
和位于靶区中部的 bγρ5 脉。bγρ1 脉呈近等边三角形状,边 8b) 、且部分脉体的实际大小较光谱异常显示的要大。基于
长约为 600m,面积约为 0. 18km ,主体浅黄绿色,在西侧边界
2
吐格曼地区不同类型含矿伟晶岩在 ASTER 遥感岩性光谱异
发育长约 60m 的浅蓝绿色脉。bγρ5 脉体呈蘑菇状,其上部 常图上的标志特征,推测靶区 bγρ2 ~ 22 脉体为含矿花岗伟
盖体宽 450m,主体长 150m、高 450m,主体呈淡蓝绿色、中心 晶岩,可能包括含绿柱石花岗伟晶岩( 浅黄绿色) 与含绿柱石
呈黄白色。bγρ5 脉周边的 bγρ2、bγρ3、bγρ4、bγρ6 与 bγρ7 也 和锂辉石的花岗伟晶岩( 浅蓝绿色) 。面积较大的、具浅黄绿
呈淡蓝绿色。靶区西部的大部分脉体沿两条北东向断层或 色异常的三角状 bγρ1 脉的发育,也意味着靶区附近含有含
其旁侧分布,全部或部分呈淡蓝绿色。除 bγρ1 脉与 bγρ5 脉 绿柱石的花岗伟晶岩脉。另外,对比结果还显示靶区内还有
徐兴旺等: 阿尔金中段吐格曼地区花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属成矿特征与找矿预测 3313
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淡蓝绿色的光谱特征( 图 9d) ,推测其为含绿柱石和锂云母
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徐兴旺等: 阿尔金中段吐格曼地区花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属成矿特征与找矿预测 3315