/uBiology: Set on 27th April 2020

Assignment 1 Plant diseases

Specification reference
B3.3.1 Detection and identification of plant diseases
Checklist reference: 4.3.3 Plant disease – GCSE Biology only
4.3.3.1 Detection and identification of plant diseases
Aim:

This activity will enable you to research a variety of plant diseases

and identify diseases by inspecting an infected plant.

Learning outcomes

After completing this activity, you should be able to:

• describe some signs of plant disease

• name organisms that can cause disease in plants

• state that plants can be damaged by ion deficiency

• describe how a plant disease is detected and the methods used

to identify the cause

• explain how disease damages a plant

• match signs of plant disease to ion deficiency

• analyse data on plant growth to write conclusions using scientific

knowledge

• explain in detail how and why ion deficiencies affect plant

growth.
Task 1 Review previous topics that are linked to Plant diseases. ‘Retrieval
Practice questions’ type your answers into the box provided, use your checklist
and previous notes from your exercise book if you get stuck. Type the answers
on the document and ‘Self asses’ using the answers at the end of this Power
Point, make note of your score.

1. Describe the adaptations of phloem tissue.

1.

2. What is a pathogen?

2.A microorganism that causes diseases.

3. Name the four classes of pathogens.

3.Fungi, protists, viruses and bacteria

4.Because the viruses have to reproduce.

4. Why does is there a short delay between infection by a pathogen

and feeling ill from the infection?

5. Why might viruses cause more damage than bacteria?

6. In what way might bacteria cause damage to cells and tissues?

5.Virus cause more damage as they reproduce in the cell.

6.
7. What are the symptoms of the measles virus?

7.Fever.

8. How is the measles virus spread?

8.Through coughing.

9. Why are children vaccinated against the measles virus?

9.So children are not killed by the measles virus

10. Fever.

10. What are the initial symptoms of HIV infection?

11. What is the aim of antiretroviral drugs?

12. How does HIV lead to AIDS?

11.To treat retroviruses.

12.

13. It is sexually transmitted and done through shared needles.

13. How is HIV spread?

14. What is TMV and what type of organism does it affect?

15. What are the symptoms of TMV?

15.14.
Symptoms
TMV is a plant
of TMVvirus
include
and ityellow
affectsand
organisms
green mosaic
like tomatoes
patterns,and
yellow
peppers.
streaking of leaves and yellow spots.
16. How does Salmonella cause disease and what are the symptoms?
16. When you consume bacteria in food, toxins are created in your body that can cause stuff like fever and
vomiting.

17. Through vaccinations

17. How is the spread of Salmonella controlled in the UK?

18. How is the bacterial disease Gonorrhoea spread?

19. How can the spread of the bacterial disease Gonorrhoea be

controlled?
18 .Its sexually transmitted

19. By using contraceptions

20. Yellow discharge from urine

20. What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

21. What issues are there with the treatment for Gonorrhoea?

22. What is rose black spot disease?

21.

22.
23. How is rose black spot spread?

23. It can be passed on plant to plant by tools, hands and clothing.

24.The rose black spot removes leaf, which reduces photosynthesis

24. How does rose black spot affect a plant?

25. How can rose black spot be treated?

26. What causes malaria?

25.By removing leafs

26.Protists

27. Through mosquito bites

27. How is malaria spread?

28. How is malaria treated?

29. How is the spread of malaria controlled?

28. Through medication

29.By using mosquito nets.

Task 2Plant Diseases (Teacher feedback)

Learning outcomes
After completing this activity, you should be able to:
 describe some signs of plant disease
 name organisms that can cause disease in plants
 state that plants can be damaged by ion deficiency
 describe how a plant disease is detected and the methods used
to identify the cause
 explain how disease damages a plant
 match signs of plant disease to ion deficiency
 analyse data on plant growth to write conclusions using scientific
knowledge
 explain in detail how and why ion deficiencies affect plant
growth.
Read through Topic B5.10 in the student book (this is attached) to
find the causes of plant disease, and how each disease damages a
plant. Remember to also, look at the links to previous topics, Synoptic
Links:

You will need to remind yourself of the importance of phloem

(checklist reference 4.2.3.2 Plant organ systems).

Examples of viral, bacterial, and fungal plant diseases (checklist

reference 4.3.1.1 Communicable (infectious) diseases , 4.3.1.2 Viral
diseases, 4.3.1.3 Bacterial diseases and 4.3.1.4 Fungal diseases).

Monoclonal antibodies (checklist reference 4.3.2 Monoclonal

antibodies – GCSE Biology only)

You will learn more about DNA in B2/T5.

Type your response on the table and boxes provided

As you read through these Topics, complete the following Table.

Cause of
How it causes damage
plant Example Symptoms
to the plant
disease
tobacco mosaic virus The virus causes
(TMV) yellow and green abnormal cellular
mosaic patterns, yellow function that usually
virus
streaking of leaves and does not kill the plant
yellow spots. but stunts growth.
Distorted leaves

crown galls – masses of

unspecialised cells that
Agrobacterium
bacteria often grow at the join Plant growth is stunted.
tumefaciens
between the root and the
shoot

weakens the plant as it

reduces the area
Black spot leaves, available for
fungus Rose black spots photosynthesis
yellow leaf tissues.
plant does not flower well
as a result

The roots are attacked

root knot nematodes
nematode Stunted top growth and and become distorted
worms yellowing and develop rounded or
irregular galls.

Stunted growrh rates,

Aphid Yellowing and distorted
insects premature death of
leaves
leaves.

Without nitrates, the

amount of chlorophyll
mineral ion
stunted growth reduces, reducing the
deficiency (1) Nitrate deficiency
plants ability to
photosynthesise
 magnesium ions not
present to make
chlorophyll
mineral ion
Yellow leafs leaves become yellow and
deficiency (2) Chlorosis
growth slows because the
plant cannot
photosynthesise fully

Questions

1 Link each organism with the type of plant damage it causes:

Rose black spot

Root damage
fungus

Agrobacterium
tumefaciensbacteri Crown gall
a

Nematode Decay

(2 marks)

2 a State one example of a communicable plant disease. (1mark)

tmv

b State one example of a non-communicable plant disease.

Blossom drop

(1mark)

c State the difference between communicable and

non-communicable plant diseases. (1 mark)

Communicable diseases can pass from one plant to another while non-communicable diseases don’t
 3 a Explain how aphids directly cause plant disease. (2 marks)

b Explain how aphids act as a vector in causing plant disease. (1 mark)

Because viruses are carried on the aphid mouthparts and they are passed onto plants when the aphid feeds on an
infected plant

c State one way in which aphids can be controlled to prevent the

destruction of food crops.

By spraying water on leafa.

4 A group of students set up an experiment to study the

effects of mineral deficiency on seedlings. They set up
three experiments:
 one seedling was provided with all the nutrients required
for growth
 one seedling was provided with all nutrients except
magnesium
 one seedling was provided with all nutrients except
nitrogen

They measured the seedlings before the start of the

experiment and again after 4 weeks. Their results are shown
in the following Table.

Height at
Height at
Seedling start in Leaf appearance
end in cm
cm
A 24 27 green
 B 26 30 yellow in places
C 22 30 green

a i Calculate the percentage change in height of the

seedlings during the experiment. (2 marks)

12.5%

ii Explain why you should study percentage change in height

rather than the height of the seedlings at the end of the
experiment. (1 mark)

Because the starting height is different for each seed.

b Identify the nutrients given to each seedling. (3 marks)

c Explain why seedling B had yellowed leaves and the effect

this will have had on the plant. (2 marks)

Because they did not get enough nutrients.