LABORATORY EXERCISE 1

(Plant Disease Diagnosis: Symptomatology of Plant Diseases)

WORKSHEET

Name: __Miles Angel P. Llauderes______________________ Date: ___9/13/2020______________

Section Code/Class Schedule: __BSAN1s/ M 10-1__________

Table 1. Symptoms of common diseases on agricultural crops (10 different samples)

Type of
Nature of the Symptom
Name of the Plant Part Description of the Morphological
Photo of the Specimen (localized/systemic)
Disease Affected Symptom Symptoms
1. ex. Corn Rust Rust is
leaf characterized by localized necrotic
small, oval, orange
or dark-reddish-
brown pustules
scattered over both
the top and bottom
of the corn leaf.
Source: https://www.mississippi-crops.com/ Lesions may also
develop on
stalk, husk, and leaf
sheath.
2. Bacterial Wilt The bacteria multi Bacterial wilt is a Systemic Hypoplastic
ply rapidly within complex of diseases
the plant and plug that occur in plants,
the vascular such as cucurbit,
tissue, resulting solanaceae (tomato,
in wilting of the common bean[1,2],
source: vines.  etc) and are caused
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_wilt#/me
dia/File:Bacterial_wilt.JPG
by pathogens Erwinia
tracheiphila, a gram-
negative bacterium;
Curtobacterium
flaccumfaciens pv.
flaccumfaciens, a
gram
positive bacterium.
3. Crown gall stems and roots Crown gall is a localized Hyperplastic
disease caused by the
bacterium Rhizobium
radiobacter (synonym
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens), which
enters the plant
through wounds in
source:
https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/Porta
roots or stems and
ls/0/Gardening/Gardening stimulates the plant
%20Help/images/Pests/Pest2515.jpg
tissues to grow in a
disorganised way,
producing
swollen galls
 4. Scab fruits, tubers, Scab, in botany, any localized Necrotic
leaves, or stems of several bacterial or
fungal plant
diseases characterize
d by crustaceous
lesions on fruits,
tubers, leaves, or
stems. The term is
Source: https://www.planetnatural.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/12/apple-scab-1.jpg
also used for the
symptom of
the disease. Scab ofte
n affects apples,
crabapples, cereals,
cucumbers, peaches,
pecans, and potatoes.
5. Aster yellows leaves Aster yellows is a localized Hypoplastic
chronic, systemic
plant disease caused
by several bacterium-
like organisms called
phytoplasma. The
aster yellows
phytoplasma affects
Source:https://www.plantdiseases.org/sites/de 300 species in 38
fault/files/plant_disease/images/0586.jpg
families of broad-leaf
herbaceous plants,
primarily in the aster
family, as well as
important cereal
crops such as wheat
and barley.
6. Leaf Blister leave Leaf blister, also localized Necrotic
called leaf curl,
worldwide disease of
many woody plants
and ferns caused
by fungi of the
genus Taphrina.
source:
https://www.britannica.com/science/leaf-blister

7. Anthracnose leaves, stems, Anthracnose, a group Localized Necrotic

fruits, or flowers, of fungal diseases that
and affect a variety of
some infections  plants in warm, humid
form cankers on areas. Shade trees
twigs and such
Source: https://plant-pest- branches. as sycamore, ash, oak
advisory.rutgers.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2016/07/20140911_094501-
, and maple are
300x169.jpg especially susceptible,
though the disease is
found in a number of
plants,
including grasses and 
annuals.
8. Mosaic leaves Mosaic, plant Localized Necrotic
disease caused by
various strains of
several
hundred viruses. A
number of
economically
important crops are
Source: susceptible to mosaic
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo
ns/thumb/a/ac/Gurkenmosaikvirus.JPG/1200p infections,
x-Gurkenmosaikvirus.JPG including tobacco, cas
sava, beet, cucumber,
 and alfalfa.
9. Curly top  petals and leaves Curly top is a Systemic Hypoplastic
viral disease that
affects many crops.
This disease causes pl
ants to become
smaller in size, have
shriveled petals and
leaves, and are
twisted and pulled out
of shape. They are
often caused by
curtoviruses (genus
Curtovirus), members
sorce:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c
ommons/2/2b/Beet_curly_top_virus_geminiviri
of the virus family
dae_common_bean.jpg Geminiviridae.
10. Rot Leaf,roots,fruits Rot, any of Localize Necrotic
several plant
diseases, caused by
any of hundreds of
species of soil-
borne bacteria, fungi,
and funguslike
organisms
(Oomycota). Rot
diseases are
characterized by plant
decomposition and
putrefaction. The
decay may be hard,
source:https://cdn.britannica.com/05/38405- dry, spongy, watery,
050-1D90530E/Shelf-fungus-decay-birch-
trees.jpg mushy, or slimy and
may affect any plant
part.
11. Clubroot roots Clubroot is a common localize Hyperplastic
disease of cabbages,
broccoli, cauliflower,
Brussels sprouts,
radishes, turnips,
stocks, wallflowers
source: https://static.country-guide.ca/wp- and other plants of the
content/uploads/2015/04/clubroot_canola_cou
ncil-RGB.jpg family Brassicaceae
(Cruciferae). It is
caused by
Plasmodiophora
brassicae, which was
once considered a
slime mold but is now
put in the group
Phytomyxea.

QUESTIONS

1. How do you differentiate wilting caused by biotic agents (ex. nematode, bacteria or fungi) and by abiotic factors (ex. lack of water, intense
heat, etc.)?

Biotic diseases sometimes show physical evidence (signs) of the pathogen, such as fungal growth, bacterial ooze, or nematode cysts, or the
presence of mites or insects. Abiotic diseases do not show the presence of disease signs while Abiotic disorders are caused by nonliving factors, such
as drought stress, sunscald, freeze injury, wind injury, chemical injury, nutrient deficiency, or improper cultural practices, such as overwatering or
planting conditions.
2. How do you differentiate root-knot disease from root nodules of legumes?

Root-knot nematodes are plant-parasitic nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne. They exist in soil in areas with hot climates or short winters. About
2000 plants worldwide are susceptible to infection by root-knot nematodes and they cause approximately 5% of global crop loss while root nodules of
legumes are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable
plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia.