Hello and Welcome to Mr.

Cerico’s
Class!

Hello guys! My name is John

Carlo Cerico. Your temporary
teacher for today’s lesson
RECALLING
TIME!
 Can you IDENTIFY ME?

V
PLANT
A plant is a living thing that
grows in the earth and has a
stem, leaves, and roots.
SEEDS
The seed is the embryonic stage
of the plant life cycle
 Sharpen your Mind!

Plant Growth Stages

1. Sprout 3. Vegetative 5. Flowering

2. Seedling 4. Budding 6. Ripening
What can you see?
Guess Me!
 GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What can you observe about the two
slides that you saw?

2. Can you identify what was in those

pictures?
 Lesson Proper for
Week 10:
Common Insect Pests, Diseases &
Their Control
 Discussion
1. Pests like insects and diseases are
major impediments when growing
horticultural crops. The growth stages
of crops from seedling, vegetative to
reproductive stage are primarily
affected due to the feeding damage
they cause.

2. This affects the normal growth and

development of the crop and ultimately
reduces yield and decreases the quality.
In addition, insects (and even mites)
may create problems directly to the
crop because they serve as carrier or
vector of diseases such as fungi,
bacteria, and viruses.
 Discussion
1. The direct transmission of diseases is
associated with the type of feeding
behavior of insects and what occurs
during the feeding process. Insects
with piercing-sucking mouthparts such
as aphids, thrips, whiteflies, and
leafhoppers are well known vectors of
many different viruses that can affect
horticultural and vegetable crops.
Insect pests may contain plant viruses
on their stylets or the viruses may
accumulate internally, and after
passage through the stylets, they are
introduced into plant tissues.
 WHOA!
Production of horticultural crops involve proper
identification of insects and diseases. Losses caused by
insects and diseases are tremendous if left unattented.
Prevention and control are necessary to ensure quality
yield, good market price and increased income.
 A.
Vegetable Garden
Insects
1. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, and Soybean

Bean Fly

Small black flies with transparent wings

attacking the seedlings. They lay eggs at
the petiole or leaf stem causing yellowing
of the leaves.
 The effect of a Bean Fly
to a plant:

● As you can see, the most typical impact of a

Bean fly bug on a plant where it lays its
eggs is yellowing of the leaves.
1. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, and Soybean

Leafhopper
This is a small green wedge shape
sucking insect, 10 mm long, a very active
runner and flyer. Leaves attacked by this
insect turn yellow and the plants become
stunted. These are capable of transmitting
diseases.
The effect of a
LeafHopper to a plant:

● Effect of a Leafhopper to a Mungbean Plant

1. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, and Soybean

Aphids
This is a small green, yellow or black
sucking insect found near the new
growth. Heavy feeding causes curling on
the foliage and the presence of honey dew
which turn black from sooty mold.
The effect of an Aphids
to a plant:

● Effect of the Aphids to a Snap Bean leaf and

example of the soot mold to a plant.
1. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, and Soybean

Cutworms
The nymph sucks the sap of the young
shoots and adult cuts the peduncle of
flowers resulting in the drying-up or
stunted shoots and leaves and falling-off
of flowers.
The effect of a
Cutworms to a plant:

● The nymph suckers the sap of the young

shoots, and the adult chops the peduncle of
the flowers, causing the shoots and leaves to
dry out or stunt, and the flowers to fall off.
1. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, and Soybean

Pod Borer

Feeds on flower buds and bore into the

young pod.
The effect of a Pod
Borer to a plant:

● Effect of the Pod Borer to a Snap Beans.

1. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, and Soybean

Leaf Miner

Feeds on the green inner portion of the

leaves leaving white zigzag lines.
The effect of a Leaf
Miner to a plant:

● Feeds on the green interior section of the

leaves, leaving white zigzag streaks in its
wake.
 2.
Cabbage, Cauliflower,
Broccoli, Pechay
2. Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Pechay

Caterpillar

Several species of caterpillar attack

broccoli. They injure the plants by eating
holes on the leaves, by destroying the
growing buds and by tunneling into the
older heads of older plants.
The effect of a
Caterpillar to a plant:

● Effect of the Caterpillars to a Cabbage plant.

2. Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Pechay

Common Cutworms

Feed on young and mature leaves of the

hosts making large holes on the leaf
blade.
The effect of a Common
Cutworm to a plant:

● Effect of the Common Cutworm to a

Cabbage Plant
2. Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Pechay

Cabbage Maggots
These are larvae of small flies that
resemble houseflies. The flies lay eggs
around plant roots soon after they are set.
When the maggots hatch, they chew the
stem and bore into large roots and the
lower part of the stalks.
The effect of a Cabbage
Maggots to a plant:

● These are the larvae of little flies that look

similar to houseflies. Soon after being laid,
the flies lay eggs around plant roots. When
the maggots hatch, they devour the stem and
delve into huge roots as well as the lower
portion of the stalks.
 3.
Bell Pepper, Eggplant,
Tomato
3. Bell Pepper, Eggplant, Tomato

Aphids

Small crawling insects that hide

underneath the leaves and suck the sap of
plants.
● Effect of an Aphids attack
on a Pepper Plants.
3. Bell Pepper, Eggplant, Tomato

Tomato Fruit Worm

Attack leaves, flower buds, open flowers,
growing fruits. Tomato fruit worm larvae
bore into the fruit, typically at the calyx,
resulting in contamination and loss of
fruit.
Effect of a Tomato Fruit
Worm Attack
3. Bell Pepper, Eggplant, Tomato

Thrips
Very small insects found at the lower and
upper side of the leaves.
Thrips Strikes Hard!
3. Bell Pepper, Eggplant, Tomato

Green Leafhopper
Attacks the lower side of the leaves and
sucks the saps of the plants. In severe
cases, leaves turn brown commonly
called hopper burn.
Green Leafhopper Strikes on a
Tomato Plant!
 4.
Ampalaya, Cucumber,
Squash, Upo and Patola
4. Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Upo and Patola

Fruit Fly

Lay eggs on the young fruits. The eggs

later hatch into small worm that starts
eating the inside of the fruits.
Fruit Fly at its prime!
4. Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Upo and Patola

Thrips

Suck sap from leaves causing leaves to

become yellowish in color, becomes
brittle and dry.
Thrips strikes again!
4. Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Upo and Patola

Aphids
Suck sap from leaves and weaken the
plants, causing stunting of the vines,
wrinkling and distortion of the leaves.
Small deformed and low quality fruits are
produced.
Aphids strikes back!
4. Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Upo and Patola

Yellow Squash Beetle

Adult eats the cotyledons and true leaves

resulting to defoliation of seedings.
Young plants are seriously affected.
Yellow Squash Beetle
invade a plant!
4. Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Upo and Patola

Fruit Fly

Maggots feeds on the fruits causing them

to rot because of secondary infection.
Fruit Fly buzzing again!
 5.
Garlic and Onion
5. Garlic and Onion

Cutworms

Feed on the leaves and stem especially

during the seedling and vegetative stage.
5. Garlic and Onion

Thrips

Attack the tip of the leaves by sucking the

sap until plant dries and wither.
5. Garlic and Onion

Onion Thrips

Silvery white blotches turning brown,

more severe in dry spell.
Onion Thrips enters the
scene!
5. Garlic and Onion

Onion Maggot
Attacks tender portion of the bulb, hiding
in the base of the plant or in the soil
cracks where they also lay eggs.
 B.
Fruit Crops
 1. Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Mango Hopper
Adult is brown in color and wedge-shaped.
Suck sap of young shoots, inflorescence and
fruits; secretes a sweet sticky substance on
which sooty mold develops.
Mango Hoppers Attack!
 1. Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Mites
They suck plant sap resulting in stunted
growth, premature leaf drop, and blemishes on
the fruit.
Mites Attack!
 1. Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Twin Borer
Female lays egg on panicle and young shoots.
Larva feed on soft, tender tissues before they
bore into the panicle and shoots which shrivel
and dry up.
Twin Borer Attack!
 1. Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Aphids

Soft-bodied insect 2-3cm long. It sucks the

plant sap and serves as vector of ringspot virus.
Aphids Attack!
 1. Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Green Bug
Adult is shiny, lemon green with a straight
sharp spines at its shoulder . Sucks the fruit,
resulting in heavy droppings.
Green Bug Attack!
 1. Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Psylla
Adult is small, active and brown; feeds by
sucking plant sap; vector of leaf mottling
disease.
Psylla Attack!
 1. Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Corm Weevil
It destroys the corm tissue of banana by
making tunnels which lessen the uptake of
nutrients and water.
Corm Weevil Attack!
Internalizing Knowledge!
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Leaf Mosaic
Cause: Virus

Symptom: Leaf curling and discoloration

caused by black bean aphid which
transmits the virus to plant.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Powdery Mildew
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Talcum-like growth on the

surface of young leaves or stem.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Cercospora
Leaf Spot
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Circular water-soaked spots on

the leaves which enlarge up to 1 cm or
more in diameter. Spots appear on the
stem, petioles and peduncles.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Mosaic

Cause: Virus

Symptom: Plants are dwarfed with thick and

wrinkled leaves. Presence of mottled
light and dark green leaves. Buds and
leaves are not normal in size.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Dumping-Off

Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Stem and roots rot and eventually

die.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Anthracnose

Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Presence of sunken, reddish-

brown spots on bean pods, and long dark
red cankers on stem.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Bacterial
Blight
Cause: Bacteria

Symptom: Leaves: small, water-soaked area

developing into larger, reddish brown
areas; stems and pods deeply sunken
lesions surrounded by reddish brown
tissue.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Damping Off

Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Falling down of seedlings just

after germination the base of the plant
stem is drying out and eventually die.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Head Rot
Cause: Bacteria

Symptom: Attack the plant before early head

formation and maturity. Infected plants
start to decay at the base of the non-
wrapper leaves which become pallid and
wilted. The plant turns brown than black
and decays.
 Diseases
A. Mungbean, Pole Sitaw, Snap Beans, Soy Beans

Bacterial Leaf
Rot

Cause: Bacteria

Symptom: The bacteria enter the plant,

through wounds, bruises and injury.
 Diseases
Diseases of Bell Pepper, Eggplant and Tomato

Bacterial Wilt

Cause: Bacteria

Symptom: The plant starts to wilt and dry

out, bacterial ooze will be observed.
 Diseases
Diseases of Bell Pepper, Eggplant and Tomato

Phytoptora
Fruit Rot
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: The fruits are decaying with

fungus on the outer surface of the skin.
Prevalent during rainy season.
 Diseases
Diseases of Bell Pepper, Eggplant and Tomato

Damping Off

Cause: Fungus

Symptom: The base of the plant is drying

that causes the plant to fall down.
 Diseases
Diseases of Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Patola and Upo

Downy
Mildew
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Presence of small and big spots

on green and yellow leaves.
 Diseases
Diseases of Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Patola and Upo

Powdery
Mildew
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Appearance of talcum-like

growth on the leaves and young stem.
Tissues may appear normal but the spots
finally turn yellow and become dry
during this stage. When all the foliage is
infected, the plant is weakened or stunted
and fruits become deformed.
 Diseases
Diseases of Ampalaya, Cucumber, Squash, Patola and Upo

Damping Off
Cause: Bacteria

Symptom: First symptom of wilt is usually

observed on a single leaf which hang
limply. As the disease progresses more
leaves wilt eventually shrivel and die.
 Diseases
Diseases of Garlic and Onion

Downey
Mildew
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: White spots on older leaves,

stunting, leaf distortion, pale green.
 Diseases
Diseases of Garlic and Onion

Purple Blotch
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Starts with water-soaked areas on

leaves then turning brown with purplish
center. Causing falling of leaves and
rotting.
 Diseases
B. Fruit Crops
Diseases of Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Anthracnose
Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Attack the young leaves, flowers

and developing fruits. On the leaves,
there is a shot hole appearance with
black margin. Affected flowers are
blighted and turn black in color. On the
fruits, there is an appearance of black
sunken spots.
 Diseases
Diseases of Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Stem-End Rot

Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Infection starts at the stem-end of

the fruit. It is characterized by light
brown to black lesions followed by
disintegration of the inner tissues which
becomes soft and watery.
 Diseases
Diseases of Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Leaf Mottling

Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Leaves of infected plants turn

dark olive green and later show mottling
appearance; fruits are undersized and
exhibit premature color break.
 Diseases
Diseases of Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Canker

Cause: Fungus

Symptom: Appearance of small nearly

circular, yellow spots with yellow halo
on the leaves.
 Diseases
Diseases of Mango, Citrus, Papaya and Banana

Ringspot

Cause: Virus

Symptom: Leaves are wrinkled, chlorotic,

stunted. On stems, water-soaked spots
appear. On fruits, dark green ringspots
appear.
Common Ways of Controlling
Insects and Diseases
Biological Control

This method involves the use of parasites in

suppressing the reproduction and
multiplication of destructive pests. This is done
by a laboratory culture of predators and
parasites and setting them free in open field.

Example: Trichogramma evanescens parasitize

on stemborers.
 Cultural Methods of Control

Crop rotation, following successive cropping,

relay cropping, cover cropping, green
manuring and clean culture are cultural
practices that can break the life cycle of insects
and diseases. If properly implemented they
will contribute to effective pests control.
Chemical Method of Control
The use of chemical has been going on for a
long time since modern agriculture came. In
fact, modern agriculture is associated the use
of chemicals either as plant nutrients or
pesticides. There are, however, some
drawbacks in the use of chemicals. Improper
use of pesticides for example, develops
pesticides resistance among some insects.
Aside from this, there are pesticides which
produce pollution and imbalance in the
ecological system.
Time for your Quiz!
Read the selections carefully then answer the following
questions!
1. They are major impediments when growing horticultural crops
a. Chemical Methods
b.
c.
Bean Fly 02
Pests like insect and diseases

2. They are vegetable garden insects with transparent wings, as well as being
little and black in appearance
d. Aphids
e. Bean Fly
f. Cutworms

3. They are most commonly seen in cabbage and cauliflower, where they feed
on the hosts' young and adult leaves, leaving huge holes in the leaf blades
g. Caterpillar
h. Pod Borer
i. Common Cutworm
4. They eat flower buds and bore into the early pods of Mungbean,
Soybean, and Snap Beans
a. Common Cutworm
b. Leafhopper
c. Pod Borer

02
5. Typically seen on Mango, Citrus, and Papaya crops. They suck plant
sap, causing stunted growth, early leaf loss, and fruit defects
d. Mites
e. Mango Hopper
f. Psylla

6. This illness causes the stem and roots to rot and finally die
g. Dumping-Off
h. Leaf Mosaic
i. Powdery Mildew

7. It attacks the young leaves, flowers and developing fruits

j. Stem-end Rot
k. Anthracnose
l. Leaf Mottling
8. On the leaves, this disease appears as little roughly round yellow dots
with a yellow halo
a. Ringspot
b. Anthracnose
c. Canker

02
9. Bacteria enter the plant through wounds, bruising, and damage in this
illness
d. Head Rot
e. Bacterial Leaf Rot
f. Damping Off

10. This method involves the use of parasites in suppressing the

reproduction and multiplication of destructive pests
g. Cultural Methods of Control
h. Biological Control
i. Chemical Method Of Control
 Assignment
Answer these questions through MS Word and pass it on your teacher.

How well do you

Is it really vital to know
Why do we need to comprehend the lesson,
what the greatest
recognize the various and what can you do to
approach to use to combat
agricultural pests? put what you've learned
crop diseases is?
into practice?
Important
QUOTE FOR
TODAY’S LESSON!
“Green is the prime color of the world, and
that from which its loveliness arises.”

-Pedron Calderon De La Barca

Thank You!
Hope you enjoy! Good day and Magandang Buhay!