What is Reading?

•Critical Reading
-It is a process of decoding symbols in order to ◈ Refers to the evaluations of the claims
construct or derive meaning. in the text (relevance, validity, and logic)

Reading Processes
•Pre-Reading-hjbackground knowledge in the Types of Reading
text, aims to induce readers motivation to read. •Developmental Reading- A systematic
•While-Reading- re-read until you fully instruction which aims to develop the student’s
understand reading skills.
•Post-Reading-hjbrainstorm, challenge your
understanding •Pleasure Reading- A more passive type of
reading that primarily aims to provide enjoyment
Basic Reading Skills and entertainment.
•Rapid Reading
◈ Aims a specific information (main idea)
•Functional Reading- Designed to help
in just a very short time.
students learn basic functional reading.
◈ ex. Skimming- Getting the general idea
by reading quickly. •Remedial Reading- Its goal is to reduce the
number of students who have extreme difficulty
•Locating the Main Idea
learning in reading and writing.
◈ Identification of the central message
◈ex. Scanning- A quick reading strategy
aims to get specific information in a text.

•Previewing
◈ ex. Sneak Peek- Where a readers
focuses on the information relevant.

•Literal Reading
◈ The understanding of ideas that are
directly stated in the material.
◈ ex. Summarizing and Paraphrasing.

•Inferential Reading
◈ “reading between the lines”, deducing
ideas that are not directly expressed in the text.

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What is Linguistics?
-scientific study of a language
-concerned with how language formed and how
it works
-relationship between language, cognition
society and history
Language Structure
•Letters (Phonetics)
◈ A symbol usually written or printed
representing a speech sounds and constituting a
unit of an alphabet.
•Words (Morphology)
◈ A sound or combination of sounds that
has meaning and is spoken by a human
•Phrases
◈ A group of words that express a single
idea but do not form a complete sentence.
◈ Noun Phrase- ex. the little girl
◈Adjective Phrase- ex. yellow tag
◈Adverbal Phrase-ex. spoke
continuously
◈Nonlinguistic Discourse- not consisted of
language
◈Nonspecific Discourse- what people do in
conversation that gives an understanding or
meaning to a specific topic.
•Texts
◈ made of signs and symbols systematized
by grammar and organized logical language to
properly present the intended message.
Structural Cohesion
-This is the intended interconnectedness of
sentences to convey meaning.
Text as Connected Discourse
-Text is referred to as written discourse. It is the
physical manifestation of discourse, which is a
process of interaction and interpretation of
language in a context.
Discourse Discourse Discourse

•Clauses
◈ Group of words that contains both a
subject and a predicate.
◈ Independent Clause- can stand alone Text
(linguistic object)
◊ ex. I ate the pineapple
◈Dependent Clause- cannot stand alone
◊ ex. Because it was delicious
Text is a linguistic object that is only
•Sentences understandable when we connect it to the
◈ Set of words that has a complete discourses that made it.
thought.
◈ ex. I looked for Mary and Samantha at
the bus station.
•Discourse
◈ Unit larger than sentences
◈ Process of presenting our social reality
through language

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What is Literature?
-written record
-written work of a specific culture, religion,
philosophy or study of written works which may
appear in poetry.
-superior or lasting artistic merit

Phillipine Literary Background

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