!"##$%&' )*&+,-.

+/ 73
 

 Ckhxl 2 Buhstalkcral
Buhstalkcral mh Blouka
Bloukabcbaòk
bcbaòk Rlbacd RBS

Kloerh mhd suihtl hvcducml9

Rhxl9 \\ Vcròk \\ Ouihr Fhbnc mh kcbaoahktl9 \\\ / \\\ / \\\ Hmcm9 \\\ cóls \\\ ohshs
Kloerh mh dc phrslkc quh blkthstc hd buhstalkcral9
Wcrhkthsbl l rhdcbaòk blk hd suihtl9
Bámudc9 Kùohrl mh thdáflkl9
Kloerh mhd hxcoakcmlr9
Fukbaòk quh mhshophóc mhktrl mh dc hsbuhdc9
Bámudc9 Kùohrl mh thdáflkl9
Fhbnc9 \\\ / \\\ / \\\ Bhktrl9

RBS
Buhstalkcral mh Bloukabcbaòk
Rlbacd

Flroc C. ]lmc dc vamc

O. Uutthr, C. Ecadhy y B. Dlrm

 
 

!"##$%&' )*&+,-.+/ 75

AKR]UXBBALKHR
Wlr fcvlr, rhsplkmc c hsth buhstalkcral blk buamcml, phksckml eahk dcs rhspuhstcs. Blkthsth c bcmc prh`uktc
rlmhckml blk uk bïrbudl hk bcmc bcsl sa hd suihtl hvcducml nc ockafhstcml dc blkmubtc mhsbratc murckth su
vamc pcscmc. Cd`ukcs mh dcs prh`uktcs sh rhfahrhk c vcrals tapls mh blkmubtcs rhdcbalkcmcs hktrh sï: hk hsls
bcsls ocrquh dc pcdcerc RÏ sa bucdquahrc mh hscs blkmubtcs sh nc prlmubaml, cukquh shc hk hd pcscml. Ra hk
cd`ùk bcsl kl hstã sh`url mh sa hd bloplrtcoahktl mhsbratl sh nc prlmubaml l kl, rhsplkmc RÏ l KL
cthkmaákmlsh c dl quh usthm pahksc. Ulmhh hk bcmc bcsl dc rhspuhstc hdh`amc, RÏ l KL. 

3.  ¼Hs bcpcz mh ncedcr usckml fcshs u lrcbalkhs blrtcs<.....................................................

blrtcs<..................................................... RÏ KL
Ùkabcohkth sa nc blkthstcml KL, pcsh marhbtcohkth c dc prh`uktc >  
5.  ¼Wuhmh usthm thkhr ukc blkvhrscbaòk blk ád l blk hddc, hk dc quh pcrtabaphk coels RÏ KL
y vcyck blkstruyhkml slerh dl yc mabnl<........................................................
mabnl<........................................................
2.  ¼Nc uscml cd`ukc vhz frcshs rcrcs l nc mabnl dc oasoc blsc ukc y ltrc vhz y bcsa RÏ KL
hxcbtcohkth mh dc oasoc ockhrc yc fuhrck frcshs quh nc lïml c ltrcs phrslkcs l frcshs
quh sh akvhktcml< .. 
=.  ¼Nc nhbnl cd`ukc vhz prh`uktcs l cfarocbalkhs slbacdohkth akblkvhkahkths, tcdhs RÏ KL
blol prh`uktcs akmasbrhtcs l blohktcrals phrslkcdhs hk olohktls aklplrtukls<........ aklplrtukls< ........
8.  Nc blkfkmaml cd`kc h dl lkloeh mabahkml, l hihodl,  l hddc hk RÏ KL
d`c mh l< ..................................................................................................................
6.  ¼Nc uscml cd`ukc vhz pcdcercs quh nc akvhktcml, nc hxprhscml cd`ukcs blscs mh ukc RÏ KL
ockhrc rcrc l akmarhbtc l nc uscml flrocs ohtcfòrabcs pcrc rhfhrarsh c dcs blscs, blol
bcdahkh hk d`c mh cl<...............................................
 l hihodl, mhba ddac bcdahkh
0.  ¼Nc mabnl hk lbcsalkhs dc oasoc blsc ukc y ltrc vhz y hxcbtcohkth mh dc oasoc RÏ KL
ockhrc l nc aksastaml pcrc quh usthm ma`c dcs oasocs blscs ukc y ltrc vhz<..................
>.  ¼Nc aksastaml cd`ukc vhz hk ncbhr bahrtcs blscs mh ukc ockhrc l hk lrmhk ouy pcrtabudcr RÏ KL
l nc nceaml mhhoakcml acdh h hhkmc h hm hhch< ......
1.  ¼Wahksc usthm quh plr dl `hkhrcd su hxprhsaòk fcbacd sh nc plmaml blksamhrcr RÏ KL
cmhbucmc c dc satucbaòk mhd olohktl<.........................................................................
37.  ¼Nc uscml cd`ukc vh dc ockl mh usthm blol ukc nhrrcoahktc l blol sa fuhrc pcrth mh RÏ KL
su prlpal buhrpl, plr hihopdl, cpuktckml blk su mhml l plkahkml dc ockl mh usthm hk
hd tarcmlr mh dc puhrtc pcrc dl`rcr quh dc cerahsh<.......................................................
33.  ¼Nc olstrcml cd`ukc vhz akthrás plr blscs quh dh prhlbupck oubnl y quh c ltrcs RÏ KL
 phrslkcs dhs pcrhbahrck hxtrcócs, plr hihopdl, shoãflrls, tuehrïcs mh mhsc`ôh u
nlrcrals mh trcksplrth<......................................................................
trcksplrth<.....................................................................................................
...............................
35.  ¼Nc hstcml cd`ukc vhz oãs akthrhscml hk dcs pahzcs mh uk iu`uhth l mh uk leihtl (plr RÏ KL
hihopdl, mcr vuhdtcs mc dcs ruhmcs mh uk blbnh), quh hk uscr hd leihtl mh cbuhrml c su
fakcdamcm<.........................................................................................................................
32.  ¼Nc mholstrcml cd`ukc vhz uk akthrás hsphbacd plr cd`ùk thoc (p.h.9 trhkhs, RÏ KL
maklscurals, htb.) quh, cuk sahkml klrocd c su hmcm y hk su coeahkth, pcrhbïc fuhrc mh
dl klrocd plr su akthksamcm<..................................................................................
akthksamcm<............................................................................................
..........
3=.  ¼Nc olstrcml cd`ukc vhz uk akthrás hxbhpbalkcd plr dc vastc, hd tcbtl, hd slkaml, hd scelr RÏ KL
l hd ldlr mh dcs blscs l dcs phrslkcs<...........................................................
phrslkcs<.....................................................................
..........
38.  ¼Nc rhcdazcml hk lbcsalkhs `hstls l olvaoahktls hxtrcóls blk dcs ockls l dls mhmls, RÏ KL
blol c`atcr l olvhr sus mhmls mhdckth mh sus lils<.......................................................
36.  ¼Nc rhcdazcml hk lbcsalkhs olvaoahktls blopdabcmls mh su buhrpl, blol mcr vuhdtcs, RÏ KL
rhtlrbhrsh l mcr scdtls rhphtamls hk hd aal< .. 
30.  ¼Rh nc nhbnl mcól c prlpòsatl cd`ukc vhz, plr hihopdl, olrmaákmlsh uk erczl l RÏ KL
`ldphãkmlsh dc bcehzc<...........................................................................
bcehzc<....................................................................................................
.........................
3>.  ¼Nc thkaml cd`ukc vhz leihtls quh khbhsatcec ddhvcr blksa`l, c pcrth mh uk ouóhbl l RÏ KL
ukc ocktc<...............................................................................
ocktc<.......................................................................................................................
........................................
31.  ¼]ahkh uk coa`l ïktaol l cd`ukc coastcm hk pcrtabudcr<.......................................... RÏ KL
 

!"##$%&' )*&+,-.+/ 72

Hk rhdcbaòk blk dls sa`uahkths tapls mh bloplrtcoahktl, mheh phkscr hk hd phrïlml mh tahopl bloprhkmaml
hktrh dls = y 8 cóls. Hs plsaedh quh dh rhsudth oãs fãbad rhblrmcrdl quh cblkthbïc hk cquhd tahopl sa sh
blkbhktrc hk olohktls hsphbacdhs, blol hd ak`rhsl c dc hsbuhdc, dcs Kcvamcmhs, dcs vcbcbalkhs u ltrls nhbnls
quh shck fãbadhs mh rhblrmcr hk su fcoadac. Ra hd kaól kl nc buopdaml tlmcvïc dls buctrl cóls, plr fcvlr pahksh
hk su blkmubtc murckth dls 35 ùdtaols ohshs.

57.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼ncedò blk usthm cd`ukc vhz sòdl pcrc shr saopãtabl y RÏ KL
cocedh y kl pcrc blksh`uar cd`l<....................................................................................
cd`l<....................................................................................
53.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼aoatcec cd`ukc vhz hsplktãkhcohkth c ltrcs phrslkcs RÏ KL
l dl quh ncbïck (blol pcscr dc csparcmlrc, blbakcr l crrh`dcr blscs)<............................
55.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼shócdcec cd`ukc vhz hsplktãkhcohkth dcs blscs quh RÏ KL
vhïc sòdl pcrc olstrãrshdcs c usthm y kl plrquh quasahrc lethkhrdcs<.............................
52.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼ncbïc cd`ukc vhz `hstls pcrc akmabcrdh dl quh quhrïc, RÏ KL
cpcrth mh shócdcr hd leihtl l tarcrdh c usthm mh dc ockl<.................................................
ockl<.................................................
5=.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼cshktïc blk dc bcehzc pcrc mhbar sï<.............................. RÏ KL
58.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼kh`cec blk dc bcehzc pcrc mhbar kl<............................. RÏ KL
56.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, cd ncedcrdh l ncbhr cd`l blk usthm, ¼sldïc oarcrdh RÏ KL
marhbtcohkth c dc bcrc<...................................................................................
bcrc<.....................................................................................................
..................
50.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼mhvldvïc dc slkrasc sa cd`uahk dh slkrhïc<...................... RÏ KL
5>.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼dh olstrcec c usthm cd`ukc vhz blscs quh dh akthrhsceck RÏ KL
c fak mh bcptcr su cthkbaòk<...........................................................................
cthkbaòk<...........................................................................
51.  Buckml m hthkïc
cpcrth mh hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼sh lfrhbïc cd`ukc vhz c ............................................
cdaohktls<.............................................................blopcrtar blscs blk usthm,
cdaohktls<......................................................................................................... RÏ KL
27.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼quasl cd`ukc vhz quh usthm pcrtabapcrc hk sus iuh`ls<. RÏ KL
23.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼akthktò cd`ukc vhz blksldcrdh sa val quh usthm hstcec RÏ KL
trasth l sh nceïc nhbnl mcól<...................................................................
mcól<...........................................................................................
........................
25.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls y quhrïc cd`l l eusbcec cyumc, ¼dh oarcec y ncbïc `hstls RÏ KL
blk slkamls l pcdcercs pcrc bcptcr su cthkbaòk<...................................................
cthkbaòk<...................................................
22.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼olstrcec ukc vcrahmcm klrocd mh hxprhsalkhs RÏ KL
fcbacdhs<............................................................................................................................
2=.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼tloò pcrth hsplktãkhcohkth cd`ukc vhz hk iuh`ls mh RÏ KL
`rupl l trctò mh aoatcr dcs cbbalkhs mh dls iuh`ls slbacdhs<............................................
28.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼iu`cec c masfrczcrsh, c saoudcr quh hrc ltrc phrslkc l c RÏ KL
 iuh`ls mh fabbaòk hk `hkhrcd<.....................................................
`hkhrcd<........................................................................................
...................................
26.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼olstrcec akthrás plr kaóls mh su hmcm c dls quh kl RÏ KL
blklbïc<...........................................................................................................................
 
20.
2>.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼rhsplkmïc sa usthm hktrcec plsatavcohkth
hk uk bucrtl cd cbhrbãrshdh
y hophzcecltrl kaól<.......
c ncedcrdh sak RÏ KL
mhbar su kloerh, ¼plr dl `hkhrcd dhvcktcec dc vastc prhstãkmldh cthkbaòk<.....................
21.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼pcrtabapò cd`ukc vhz blk ltrls kaóls hk iuh`ls mh RÏ KL
fabbaòk, mh tcd ockhrc quh fuhsh bdcrl quh ukls y ltrls bloprhkmïck hk quá blksastïc
hd iuh`l<...............................................................................
iuh`l<...........................................................................................................................
............................................
=7.  Buckml thkïc hktrh = y 8 cóls, ¼pcrtabapcec cbtavcohkth hk iuh`ls quh rhquhrïck RÏ KL
bldcelrcr blk ltrls kaóls hk `rupl, blol iu`cr hd hsblkmath l c dc phdltc<....................
 

!"##$%&' )*&+,-.+/ =8

FAK MH DC WUXHEC
FLUOC MH BLUUHBBAÒK
Hd ïtho kl sh vcdlrc y kl akfduyh hk dc puktucbaòk tltcd (oãxaoc?21). Csaoasol, ncy quh thkhr hk buhktc quh9
  Ra nc blkthstcml RÏ hk hd ïtho 3 thkmrã quh blktceadazcr dcs rhspuhstcs 5 c =7 (akbduamcs dcs trcocmcs).
  Ra nc blkthstcml KL hk hd ïtho 3 thkmrã quh blktceadazcr ùkabcohkth dcs rhspuhstcs > c =7 (sak trcoc).
  Bhkh hd kohl lcd mh XKLR h nck aml lmhcml  dh`l cklh hd kohl lcd mh k ls hk dc
bcsaddc blrrhsplkmahkth (puktucbaòk tltcd).

3. RÏ KL
5. 7 3
2. 3 7
=. 3 7
8. 3 7
6. 3 7
0. 3 7
>. 3 7
1. 7 3
37. 3 7
33. 3 7
35. 3 7
32. 3 7
3=. 3 7
38. 3 7
36. 3 7
30. 3 7
3>. 3 7
31. 7 3
57. 7 3
53. 7 3
55. 7 3
52. 7 3
5=. 7 3
58. 7 3
56. 7 3
50.
5>. 77 33
51. 7 3
27. 7 3
23. 7 3
25. 7 3
22. 7 3
2=. 7 3
28. 7 3
26. 7 3
20. 7 3
2>. 7 3
21. 7 3
=7. 7 3
Wuktucbaòk
tltcd