NCVJ_C@ CABM_ V_JIEKX OC[EH NEC_@M@D (ViON)

LM@M V_JIEKX V_CAXMAUL GJXJD_CLEX_M NC@IUX

„VE@]EHMCC@ HCXC [VC[MCN HC[C_ HE[C LE@DDU@CAC@

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Hmciuac` seocdcm scncb sctu sycrct aenunusc`

Lctc Aunmcb DX-;??; Gjtjdrcletrm Nc`iut

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?. Msac`hcr Yunqcr`cm` (332?;66?8)

;. _cgm (332?;6686)
8. ]jdm Aur`mcwc` (332?;6688)
5. Ickm`hc Hestmc`c [mbjlom`d (332?;6627)

V_JD_CL [XUHM XEA@MA DEJLCXMAC

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M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C
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Vuim syuaur pe`unms pc`ictac` aepchc Xubc` ]c`d Lcbc Esc ctcs sedcnc
rcblct hc` bmhcycb@yc sebm`ddc pe`unms hcpct le`yenescmac` ncpjrc` cabmr
Vrjiekt Ocseh Necr`m`d (ViON) yc`d oeriuhun „VE@]EHMCC@ HCXC [VC[MCN
HC[C_ HE[C LE@DDU@CAC@ XEA@JNJDM VELEXCC@ GJXJ
UHC_C“ m`m he`dc` tepct wcatu. Ncpjrc` cabmr Vrjiekt Ocseh Necr`m`d (ViON)
m`m hmouct seocdcm ouatm hc` pertc`ddu`dicwcoc` hcncl pe`dericc` Veletcc`
Hesc Ajrprm _cyc, Aekclctc` [uacrcle, Oc`hcr Nclpu`d sertc lele`ubm
persycrctc` aenunusc` lctc aunmcb DX-;??; Gjtjdrcletrm Nc`iut, Vrjdrcl [tuhm
Xea`ma Dejlctmac, Iurusc` Xea`jnjdm hc` Aewmncycbc`, M`stmtut Xea`jnjdm
[ulcterc, Nclpu`d [enctc`.
Ve`unms le`ychcrm hcncl pe`yusu`c` usunc` tudcs cabmr m`m tmhca cac` senescm
tc`pc oc`tuc` hcrm oerocdcm pmbca. Acre`c mtu pchc aeselpctc` m`m pe`unms
ukcpac` termlcacsmb aepchc9
3. Jrc`d tuc, scuhcrc-scuhcrc aclm, ctcs hjc, omlom`dc`, sertc acsmb scyc`d
yc`d sencnu terkurcb senclc m`m.
?. Ocpca Jgycr Y Xclm` sencau _eatjr M`stmtut Xea`jnjdm [ulcterc.
;. Mou _cbcyu [unmstyjrm`m sencau Aetuc Iurusc` Xea`jnjdm M`grcstruatur hc`
aewmncycbc`, M`stmtut Xea`jnjdm [ulcterc.
8. Ocpca Mrhcl Chmn sencau Aetuc Vrjhm Xea`ma Dejlctmac, M`stmtut
Xea`jnjdm [ulcterc.
5. Hjse` Lctc Aunmcb DX ;??;-Gjtjdrcletrm Nc`iut, ycmtu9 Ocpca Hr.He`m
[uwcrhbm,L.X,. Ocpca Lubcllch Unm` @ubc,[.X.,L.E`d. Ocpca Chcl
Mrwc`sycb Gcuzm, [.X.,L.X. hc` Ocpca Xbej Vrcstjlj [jehcrljhij,
[.X.,L.[. yc`d tencb leloermac` mnlu`yc aepchc pe`unms.
7. Csmste` Vrcatmaul DX-;??3 Gjtjdrcletrm Nc`iut tcbu` ?6?3.
4. Xelc`-telc` seperiuc`dc` aclm hm Vrjhm Dejlctmac c`dactc` ?632 ctcs
seluc huau`dc`, selc`dct, sertc aericsclc`yc.
2. [eluc pmbca yc`d tencb leloerm oc`tuc` sekcrc nc`dsu`d lcupu` tmhca
nc`dsu`d.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | mm

 Aclm le`ychcrm ocbwc hcncl pe`unmsc` hc` pe`yusu`c` ncpjrc` m`m tmhca
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aeselpur`cc` hc` perocmac``yc sebm`ddc cabmr`yc hcpct hmncauac`
pe`yelpur`cc` hcrm msm ncpjrc` m`m sertc hcpct leloermac` lc`gcct ocdm omhc`d
pe`hmhmac` hc` pe`ercpc` hmncpc`dc`
hmncpc`dc` sertc omsc hmaeloc`dac` ncdm neomb nc`iut.

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Aenjlpja 3 - _O

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | mmm

 _M@DAC[C@ EA[EAUXMG

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pere`kc`cc`, perc`kc`dc` hc` pe`deloc`dc` suctu wmncycb. Vrjses peletcc`
spcsmcn oerocsms gjtj uhcrc acnm m`m hmncasc`cac` hm Hesc Ajrprm _cyc, Aekclctc`
[uacrcle, Oc`hcr Nclpu`d. Veletcc` gjtj uhcrc he`dc` lelc`gcctac` pescwct
tc`pc cwca tencb oc`yca hmdu`cac` hcncl peletcc` he`dc` letjhe gjtjdrcletrm
hc` hmc`ddcp sc`dct egeatmg. Vrjses peletcc` m`m le`ichm sjnusm yc`d tepct
le`dm`dct oescr`yc cac` pere`kc`cc` hc` pe`deloc`dc` hcercb sebm`ddc cac`
le`m`dactac` easmste`sm wmncycb. [cct m`m Hesc Ajrprm Icyc hmaeloc`dac`
le`ichm ? Nm`dau`dc`
Nm`dau`dc` ycmtu Nm`dau`dc`
Nm`dau`dc` M he`dc` 2 _uau`
_uau` Xetc`ddc (_X) hc`
Nm`dau`dc` MM he`dc` 7 _uau` Xetc`ddc (_X).
C`ddcrc` omcyc yc`d hmaenucrac` u`tua prjses peletcc` Hesc Ajrprm _cyc
le`kcpcm tjtcn _p.7;.757.;32 yc`d lenmputm omcyc sewc percnctc` pe`u`ic`d,
omcyc survey hc` pe`dclomnc` hctc ncpc`dc` gjtj uhcrc hc` pe`duaurc` tmtma
aj`trjn, omcyc prjhuasm pelouctc` petc, omcyc gcsmnmtcs senclc prjses pe`dericc`
sertc omcyc jpercsmj`cn setmcp bcrm`yc. Vrjses peletcc` yc`d hmncauac`
lenmoctac` cbnm omhc`d Xeresterms, cbnm omhc`d Gjtjdrcletrm, cbnm omhc`d [mstel
M`gjrlcsm Dejdrcgms, sertc [urveyjr u`tua prjses pe`dclomnc` hctc.
He`dc` omcyc yc`d tencb hmaenucrac` lcac cac` hmscimac` hctc yc`d
lenmputm9 petc jrtbjpjtj njacsm peletcc` Hesc Ajrprm _cyc, H[L hc` HXL
njacsm, petc aj`tur sacnc 393666, hc` petc pnc`mletrms. Hcncl prjses pe`dericc`
Vrjiekt Ocseh Necr`m`d (ViON), prjhua yc`d hmbcsmnac` tencb le`kcpcm hc`
lele`ubm sycrct aetenmtmc` 393666 hmlc`c seluc`yc le`dcku pchc VE_AC OMD
@j.3 Xcbu` ?6?6.
?6?6.
Lencnum prjses peletcc` yc`d tencb hmncauac` lcac cac` leluhcbac`
nelocdc yc`d oerwe`c`d abusus`yc hcercb Ajrprm _cyc hcncl prjses
pere`kc`cc` hc` pe`deloc`dc` wmncycb. Oerhcscrac` hctc hc` uncsc` terseout,
bcsmn hcrm peletcc` cac` le`ichm prjspea yc`d ocma u`tua terus hmaeloc`dac`
du`c aeterkcpcmc` pere`kc`cc` hc` pe`deloc`dc` wmncycb yc`d tercrcb hc`
lerctc.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | mv

 HCGXC_ M[M

ACXC VE@DC@XC_ .............................................

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OCO MM XEJ_M HC[C_ ..........................................
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?.; Dnjocn Vjsmtmj`m`d [ystel (DV[) ................................
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?.5 Hmdmtcn [urgcke Ljhen (H[L) ..........................................
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?.4 Hmdmtcsm hc` Ncyjutm`d ...................................
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OCO MMM LEXJHJNJDM VEAE_ICC@ .........................................
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M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |v

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;.8.5 Caumsmsm Gjtj Uhcrc .............................
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;.8.7 Ve`djncbc` Xmtma Aj`trjn.......................................
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5.?.3 XENCCB V_ELC_AM@D .............................
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M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | vm

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M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | vmm

 HCGXC_ DCLOC_

Dclocr 3. [usu`c` Xml Cbnm ...........................................................

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Dclocr ?. [edle` D@[[ ...........................................
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Dclocr ;. Tmncycb
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Dclocr 8. Vere`kc`cc`
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Dclocr 5. Vere`kc`cc` Icnur
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M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | vmmm

 HCGXC_ XCOEN

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M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | mx

 HCGXC_ M[XMNCB

Hmdmtcn [urgcke Ljhen (H[L) Ljhen hmdmtcn yc`d lereprese`tcsmac`

oe`tua perluacc` oulm oesertc pe`utup

Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen (HXL)
Dnjocn @cvmdctmj` [ctennmte [ystel [mstel
Drju`h Kj`trjn Vjm`t (DKV)
ncbc``yc.
Ljhen hmdmtcn yc`d lereprese`tcsmac` oe`tua
perluacc` oulm tc`pc pe`utup
pe`utup ncbc``yc.
`cvmdcsm hc` pe`e`tuc` pjsmsm
oerocsms sctenmt yc`d hcpct hmpcacm u`tua
le`e`tuac` pe`e`tuc` pjsmsm ocma bjrmzj`tcn
lcupu` vertmkcn.
Xmtma hm tc`cb yc`d hmaetcbum ajjrhm`ct`yc
hc` hmdu`cac` seocdcm ckuc` hcncl ou`hne

onjka chiustle`t.
Drju`h [clpnm`d Hmstc`ke (D[H) @mncm uaurc` pmasen aclerc uhcrc yc`d
suhcb
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Aetenmtmc` Bjrmzj`tcn Neven aeheactc` c`tcrc uaurc` bcsmn uaurc`,
bmtu`dc`, ctcu prjses terbchcp `mncm yc`d
hmc`ddcp oe`cr ctcu stc`hcr pchc sulou R
hc` ] hm omhc`d prjyeasm.
Aetenmtmc` Wertmacn Neven aeheactc` c`tcrc uaurc` bcsmn uaurc`,

bmtu`dc`, ctcu prjses terbchcp `mncm yc`d

hmc`ddcp oe`cr ctcu stc`hcr pchc sulou Y
hm omhc`d prjyeasm.
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peljtretc` uhcrc hmncauac`, hc` bcrus hcpct
hmmhe`tmgmacsm pchc gjtj.
_jjt Lec` [qucre Errjr (_L[E) Cacr auchrct hcrm rctc-rctc auchrct senmsmb
c`tcrc `mncm ajjrhm`ct hm jutput hc` `mncm
ajjrhm`ct hcrm suloer m`hepe`he`t yc`d

caurcsm`yc neomb tm`ddm.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |x

Xme pjm`t Xmtma yc`d hmhescm` (hmpmnmb/hmte`tuac`) pchc
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Crec jg M`terest (CJM) Kcaupc` hcercb yc`d cac` hmncauac`
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Ou`hne Onjka Chiustle`t Verctcc` oerhcscrac` aj`hmsm aesedcrmsc`
he`dc` e`cl pcrcleter nucr hc` tmdc
pcrcleter pjsmsm joiea pchc ajjrhm`ct ruc`d
hcrm setmcp hehcbc` (expjsure) aclerc hc`
hmbmtu`d sekcrc smluntc` terbchcp tmtma
aj`trjn.
He`se Mlcde Lctkbm`d Letjhe peloe`tuaac` pjm`t knjuh hcrm kmtrc
yc`d oertclpcnc`
Drju`h Kj`trjn [tctmj` (DK[) [mstel yc`d oergu`dsm seocdcm cnct
pe`de`hcnm pescwct `mr-cwca. Omcsc`yc
oerupc ajlputer ctcu tconet yc`d hmne`dacpm
teneletrm hc` lclpu oerajlu`macsm he`dc`
wcbc`c.
Xmtma Uim M`hepe`he`t
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hc` hmdu`cac` u`tua le`duim prjhua yc`d
hmbcsmnac`
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nelocr gjtj uhcrc yc`d oerurutc` u`tua
hcercb yc`d sclc pchc crcb icnur teroc`d
(hm`yctcac` hcncl %).
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nelocr gjtj uhcrc u`tua hcercb yc`d sclc
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Vescwct Uhcrc Xc`pc Cwca [eoucb lesm` teroc`d yc`d oergu`dsm
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M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | xm

 lclpu le`de`hcnmac` hmrm`yc se`hmrm he`dc
le`ddu`ca` buaul cerjhm`clmac.
[eclnm`e Dcrms perpjtj`dc` c`tcrc oeoercpc gjtj yc`d
scnm`d oertclpcnc`.
[mdlc @cudbt Oescrc` yc`d le`u`iuaac` tm`dact
aetenmtmc` hcrm pe`duaurc` tme pjm`t pchc sctu
onja gjtjdrcletrm.
Xmtma Aj`trjn Uhcrc Vcrcleter yc`d terhmrm hcrm pjsmsm hc`
jrme`tcsm hcrm pusct prjyeasm aclerc, yc`d
hmturu`ac` oerhcscrac` hctc trciektjry.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | xmm

 OCO M
VE@HCBUNUC@

3.3 Nctcr Oencac`d

Hcncl peraeloc`dc` zclc` hc` semrm`d oericnc``yc wcatu, hmhcncl

aebmhupc` m`m amtc suhcb hmtu`tut he`dc` oerocdcm bcn omhc`d tea`jnjdm, terutclc
hcncl omhc`d peletcc` sc`dct tercsc oedmtu oescr hclpca hcrm aelciuc`
tea`jnjdm m`m, hcncl bcn tea`ma le`dulpunac` hctc ctcupu` nc`dacb pe`djncbc`
sertc prjses pe`ycimc``yc ocma sekcrc spcsmcn lcupu` m`gjrlcsm aeoulmc` hmlc`c
kcaupc` wmncycb suhcb le`ichm tmhca teroctcs.
Hesc ctcu aenurcbc` hmpc`hc`d seocdcm tmtma cwcn peloerhcycc` pjte`sm
hcercb, pe`yenescmc` lcscncb hcncl lcsycrcact, hc` ajlu`mtcs teraekmn yc`d
bcrus hmperbctmac` aeseicbtercc``yc. Aenurcbc` Ajrprm Icyc chcncb wmncycb

peaericc` pejyea m`m cac` hmncauac`. Ajrprm Icyc lerupcac` seoucb aenurcbc`
yc`d oerchc hm Aekclctc` [uacrcle, Ajtc Oc`hcr Nclpu`d, Vrjvm`sm Nclpu`d.
Vchc cwcn oerhmrm`yc Aenurcbc` Ajrprm Icyc m`m lerupcac` ocdmc` hcrm Aenurcbc`
Bcrcpc` Icyc ctcs hcscr Aeputusc` Tcnm Ajtc Oc`hcr Nclpu`d
@j.?;3/6?.3/BA/?66?
@j.?;3/6?.3/BA/?66? tc`ddcn 3 Jatjoer ?66?, he`dc` nucs wmncycb ³8=3 Bc.
Ncnu oerhcscrac` Vercturc` Hcercb Ajtc Oc`hcr Nclpu`d @j.68 Xcbu` ?63?
tc`ddcn 32 Iu`m ?63? Aenurcbc` Bcrcpc` Icyc yc`d
yc`d terhmrm hcrm ? nm`dau`dc`
he`dc` ?= _uau`
_uau` Xetc`ddc hmpekcb
hmpekcb le`ichm ? Aenurcbc` yca`m9 Nm`dau`dc`
Nm`dau`dc` M <
36 _uau` Xetc`ddc (_X) le`ichm Aenurcbc` Ajrprm Icyc hc` Nm`dau`dc` MM < 3=

_uau` Xetc`ddc (_X) le`ichm Aenurcbc` Ajrprm _cyc.

_c yc.
He`dc` m`gjrlcsm dejspcsmcn hcncl pere`kc`cc` lcupu` peletcc`
aetersehmcc` smstel pe`huau`d pe`dclomnc` aeomicac` hcncl rc`dac
le`djptmlcnac` peletcc` hm hesc hc` iudc pe`e`tuc` octcs wmncycb hesc. @clu`
u`tua hcpct le`dbcsmnac` pere`kc`cc` hc` peletcc` yc`d jptmlcn, hmpernuac`
M`gjrlcsm Dejspcsmcn yc`d ocma, caurct hc` lele`ubm acmhcb aemnluc`. UCW
(U`lc``eh Cermcn Webmkne) hc` cpnmacsm [mstel M`gjrlcsm Dejdrcgms ([MD) hm sm`m
hmtuiuac` seocdcm cnct u`tua lencasc`cac` prjses pelouctc` petc, vcnmhcsm hctc
hc` pere`kc`cc` terseout. UCW hcpct leletcac` hcercb pe`enmtmc` he`dc`

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |3

aetenmtmc` jrtbjletrma he`dc` tea`jnjdm UCW hc` he`dc` tercpc` u`tua hcpct
lelouct petc hesc sesucm pchc Verac OMD @J. 35 Xcbu` ?638 hc` cpnmacsm [MD.
Veletcc` le`ddu`cac` UCW terdjnj`d seocdcm pe`duaurc` sekcrc
gjtjdrcletrm hmlc`c pe`duaurc` m`m lelc`gcctac` gjtj uhcrc u`tua pe`dclomnc`
hctc, yc`d lc`c `c`tm`yc cac` le`dbcsmnac` petc yc`d caurct hc` lelpu`ycm
aetenmtmc` yc`d tm`ddm (jrtbjletrma) yc`d hcpct leloc`tu u`tua peraeloc`dc`
hesc jneb seoco mtu peletcc` hesc le`ddu`cac` UCW sc`dct tepct u`tua
hmncauac` (@cryjaj, ?63=). Veletcc` hesc he`dc` le`ddu`cac` UCW ctcu
Hrj`e Vbjtjdrclletry lerupcac` lm`m prjiekt hcncl prcatmaul
Gjtjdrcletrm Nc`iut hm Vrjdrcl [tuhm Xea`ma Dejlctmac, Iurusc` Xea`jnjdm
M`grcstruatur hc` Aewmncycbc`, M`stmtut Xea`jnjdm [ulcterc. Veaericc` m`m
hmaelcs hcncl oe`tua Vrjiekt Ocseh Necr`m`d (ViON) hcncl lctcaunmcb
gjtjdrcletrm nc`iut. Vrjiekt m`m `c`tm`yc
`c`tm`yc iudc oertuiuc`
oertuiuc` u`tua
u`tua le`dbcsmnac`
caurcsm petc Jrtbjgjtj wmncycb Hesc Ajrprm Icyc he`dc` UCW le`urut stc`hcr
VE_AC OMD @j. 3 Xcbu` ?6?6 te`tc`d stc`hcr pe`dulpunc` hctc dejspcsmcn
hcscr u`tua pelouctc` petc hcscr sacnc oescr. He`dc` chc`yc ViON m`m
hmbcrcpac` lcbcsmswc selcam` lelcbclm aechcc` ncpc`dc` yc`d cac` hmbchcpm
hm aeluhmc` bcrm, ocma hcrm prjses pe`dulpunc`, pe`djncbc` hctc sertc vmsucnmscsm
hctc.

3.? Lcasuh hc` Xuiuc`

Lcasuh hc` tuiuc` tu iuc` hcrm aedmctc` ViON Gjtjdrcletrm Nc`iut m`m
chcncb9
3. Lencauac` peletcc` sacnc oescr oerocsms Hrj`e-Vbjtjdrclletry hm Hesc
Ajrprm Icyc.
?. Le`dbcsmnac` Vetc Jrtbjpbjtj
Jrtbjpbjtj Hesc Ajrprm Icyc he`dc` sacnc 393666.
;. Le`dbcsmnac` jutput oerupc H[L hc` HXL njacsm peletcc` sacnc
393666.
8. Le`dbcsmnac` jutput oerupc Vetc aj`tur hc` Vetc Vnc`mletrms Hesc Ajrprm
Icyc he`dc` sacnc petc 393666.

3.; [cscrc`

Bcsmn peletcc` yc`d hmncauac` hcpct hmdu`cac`

hmdu`cac` u`tua aepe`tm`dc`

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |?

 peloc`du`c` smstel m`gjrlcsm dejdrcgms hesc hc` bcsmn cabmr hcrm survem
gjtjdrcletrm hmbcrcpac` hcpct lele`ubm aeoutubc` hcncl bcn pere`kc`cc`,
reacycsc, jpercsm, lc`ciele`, pe`dclomnc` aeputusc` strctedms hc` tea`ms
teracmt aedmctc` pelerm`tcb Hesc Ajrprm Icyc aehepc``yc.

3.8 _uc`d Nm`daup

3.8.3 _uc`d Nm`daup Ve`duaurc`

Ve`duaurc` hmncasc`cac` hm wmncycb Hesc Ajrprm Icyc, Aekclctc`

[uacrcle, Ajtc Oc`hcr Nclpu`d he`dc` nucs crec ≂ 3;5 bc yc`d hmocdm
le`ichm 8 onja pe`duaurc`.
3.8.? _uc`d Nm`daup Veaericc`
Chcpcu` ruc`d nm`daup pere`kc`cc` chcncb seocdcm oermaut9
3. Versmcpc`
?. Ve`m`icuc` Ncpc`dc`
;. Ve`duaurc` Xmtma Aj`trjn Xc`cb
8. [pesmgmacsm Xea`ma Veletcc` Gjtjdrcletrm
5. Uim Caurcsm

3.5 Nc`hcsc` Buaul

U`tua pelouctc` petc hcscr sacnc oescr hmhcscrm he`dc` percturc` Ochc`
I`gjrlcsm Dejspcsmcn _epuonma M`hj`esmc @jljr 3 Xcbu` ?6?6 Xe`tc`d [tc`hcr
Ve`dulpunc` Hctc Dejspcsmcn Hcscr U`tua Velouctc` Vetc Hcscr [acnc Oescr.
U`tua aetenmtmc` petc hcscr hmhcscrm jneb stc`hcr yc`d sesucm he`dc` [@M
2?6?9?63=. Ancsmgmacsm pe`utup ncbc` hmhcscrm jenb [@M 47859?636 te`tc`d
aulpunc` ancsmgmacsm hc` hesarmpsm pe`utup ncbc`.

3.7 Ve`dertmc`
Oermaut pe`dertmc`-pe`dertmc` yc`d pernu hmpcbclm hcncl peaericc`
peletcc` gjtj uhcrc m`m.
Xcoen 3. Ve`dertmc` - Ve`dertmc`
Hmdmtcn surgcke ljhen ljhen hmdmtcn yc`d lereprese`tcsmac` oe`tua
(H[L) perluacc` oulm oesertc pe`utup ncbc``yc
ncbc``yc

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |;

Hmdmtcn terrcm` ljhen ljhen hmdmtcn yc`d lereprese`tcsmac` oe`tua
(HXL) perluacc` oulm tc`pc pe`utup
pe`utup ncbc``yc
Dnjocn `cvmdctmj` smstel `cvmdcsm hc` pe`e`tuc` pjsmsm oerocsms
sctennmte systel (D@[[) sctenmt yc`d hcpct hmpcacm u`tua le`e`tuac`
pe`e`tuc` pjsmsm ocma bjrmzj`tcn lcupu` vertmacn
vertmacn
Drju`h kj`trjn pjm`t tmtma hm tc`cb yc`d hmaetcbum ajjrhm`ct`yc hc`
(DKV) hmdu`cac` seocdcm ckuc` hcncl ou`hne onjka
chiustle`t
Drju`h sclpnm`d `mncm uaurc` pmasen aclerc uhcrc yc`d suhcb
hmstc`ke (D[H) terprjyeasm hm perluacc` tc`cb
Aetenmtmc` bjrmzj`tcn neven aeheactc` c`tcrc uaurc` bcsmn uaurc`,
bmtu`dc`, ctcu prjses terbchcp `mncm yc`d
hmc`ddcp oe`cr ctcu stc`hcr pchc sulou R hc` ]

hm omhc`d prjyeasm
Aetenmtmc` vertmacn neven aeheactc` c`tcrc uaurc` bcsmn uaurc`,
bmtu`dc`, ctcu prjses terbchcp `mncm yc`d
hmc`ddcp oe`cr ctcu stc`hcr pchc sulou Y hm
omhc`d prjyeasm
Vrelcra tc`hc hm ncpc`dc` yc`d hmpcsc`d seoenul
peljtretc` uhcrc hmncauac`, hc` bcrus hcpct
hmmhe`tmgmacsm pchc gjtj
_jjt lec` squcre errjr cacr auchrct hcrm rctc-rctc auchrct senmsmb c`tcrc

(_L[E) `mncm ajjrhm`ct hm jutput hc` `mncm ajjrhm`ct hcrm

suloer m`hepe`he`t yc`d caurcsm`yc neomb tm`ddm
Xme pjm`t tmtma yc`d hmhescm` (hmpmnmb/hmte`tuac`) pchc gjtj
uhcrc u`tua le`dmact gjtj yc`d scnm`d
oertclpcnc`

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |8

3.4 [usu`c` Xml Cbnm

Lc`cder peruscbcc`
(Msac`hcr Yunacr`cm`)

Cbnm Gjtjdrcletrm
(]jdm)

Cbnm D@[[ (Ickm`hc)

Cbnm DM[
(Cunmc Sy)

Chlm`mstrcsm
(_cgm)

Dclocr 3. [usu`c` Xml Cbnm

3.2 [mstelctmac Vencpjrc`

Oermaut smstelctmac pe`yusu`c` ncpjrc` cabmr Vrjiekt Ocseh Necr`m`d

(ViON).
Bcnclc` Iuhun
ACXC VE@DC@XC_
_M@DAC[C@ EA[EAUXMG
HCGXC_ M[M
HCGXC_ DCLOC_
HCGXC_ XCOEN
HCGXC_ M[XMNCB

OCO M. VE@HCBUNUC@

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |5

3.3 Nctcr Oencac`d
3.? Lcasuh hc` Xuiuc`
3.; [cscrc`
3.8 _uc`d Nm`daup Veaericc`
3.5 Nc`hcsc` Buaul / Ckuc`
3.7 Ve`dertmc`
3.4 [usu`c Xml Cbnm
3.2 [mstelctmac Vencpjrc`
OCO MM. XEJ_M HC[C_
Xejrm le`kcaup hcscr yc`d hmdu`cac` u`tua pe`yenescmc` lcscncb prjyea.
OCO MMM. LEXJHJNJDM VEAE_ICC@
;.3 Cnct hc` Ocbc`
;.? Njacsm Veletcc`
;.; Venctc` Ve`huau`d
;.8 Letjhjnjdm
;.5 Hmcdrcl Cnmr
;.7 Ichwcn _e`kc`c/Aurvc [
OCO MW. VENCA[C@CC@ VEAE_ICC@
8.3 Versmcpc` hc` Vere`kc`cc`
8.? Velcsc`dc` hc` Ve`duaurc` Vrelcra Xmtma Aj`trjn (DKV)
8.; Veljtretc` Uhcrc
8.8 Ve`djncbc` Hctc
8.8.3 Ve`djncbc` tmtma aj`trjn
8.8.? Ve`djncbc`
8.8.; Ve`djncbc`
8.5 Uim Caurcsm Vrjhua
8.5.3 Vere`kc`cc` Xmtma Uim (MKV)
8.5.? Ve`duaurc` MKV
8.5.; Ve`djncbc` MKV
8.5.8 Uim Caurcsm
8.7 Acrtjdrcgm
OCO 5. BC[MN HC@ VELOCBC[C@

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |7

5.3 Xencb ACA
5.? Xencb Vrjses Veaericc`
5.?.3 Xencb Vrjses
5.?.? Xencb Vrjses
5.; Xencb Vrjhua
5.8 Xencb Aurvc [
OCO WM. AE[MLVUNC@
HCGXC_ VU[XCAC
NCLVM_C@

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |4

 OCO MM
XEJ_M HC[C_

?.3 Gjtjdrcletrm
Gjtjdrcletrm lerupcac` mnlu suctu se`m, pe`detcbuc` hc` tea`jnjdm u`tua
lelperjneb m`gjrlcsm yc`d hcpct hmperkcyc te`tc`d suctu joyea gmsma hc`
aechcc` hm seamtcr`yc lencnum prjses pereaclc`, pe`dclctc` ctcu pe`duaurc`
hc` m`terpretcsm kmtrc gjtjdrcgms ctcu reaclc` dclocr denjloc`d eneatrjlcd`etma
(Cblch [ycuqc`m, ?634). Causmsm hctc gjtjdrcletrm tmhca lencauac` aj`tca gmsma
sekcrc nc`dsu`d mtu le`ichmac` peroehcc` yc`d cosjnut he`dc` surveym`d.
Xerhcpct m`gjrlcsm pe`tm`d hcrm causmsm gjtjdrcletrm terseout, ycmtu seocdm oermaut9
3. M`gjrlcsm Dejletrms, M`gjrlcsm Dejletrms lenmputm pjsmsm spcsmcn hc` oe`tua
hcrm joyea. Bcn m`m lerupcac` suloer m`gjrlcsm pcnm`d pe`tm`d yc`d omsc
hmperjneb hcrm gjtjdrcletrm
?. M`gjrlcsm Xelpjrcn, M`gjrlcsm Xelpjrcn oeracmtc` he`dc` peruocbc` joyea
hcrm wcatu ae wcatu. Omcsc`yc hmncauac` he`dc` leloc`hm`dac` oeoercpc
dclocr yc`d hmreacl hcrm wcatu yc`d oeroehc.
Ie`ms-ie`ms gjtjdrcletrm omsc hmactedjrmac` oerhcscrac` pjsmsm aclerc hc`
joiea he`dc` oeoercpc kcrc ycmtu
c. Gjtjdrcletrm uhcrc1 le`dbcsmnac` kmtrc uhcrc he`dc` aetm`ddmc` neomb hcrm
³ ;66 leter.
o. Gjtj terestrms1 gjtj yc`d hmclomn sekcrc nc`dsu`d hmnjacsm yc`d suhcb
hmtetcpac`.
k. Gjtjdrcletrm icrca heact1 pe`dclomnc` gjtj he`dc` icrca aclerc hc`
joyea 366 ll sclpcm ;66 l.

?.? U`lc``eh Cermcn (UCW)

Webmkne (UCW) ctcu serm`d hmseout pescwct tc`pc cwca lerupcac` ie`ms
pescwct teroc`d yc`d hmae`hcnmac` cnct smstel ae`hcnm icrca icub newct
denjloc`d rchmj. UCW lerupcac` systel tc`pc cwca (U`lc``eh [ystel) ycmtu
smstel oerocsms eneatrj leac`ma yc`d hcpct lencauac` lmsm-lmsm terprjdrcl
he`dc` acrcatermstma seoucb lesm` teroc`d yc`d oergu`dsm he`dc` ae`hcnm icrca

icub jneb pmnjt ctcu lclpu

lcl pu le`de`hcnmac` hmrm`yc sse`hmrm,
e`hmrm, le`ddu`cac` buaul

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |2

cerjhm`clmac u`tua le`dc`dact hmrm`yc se`hmrm. Tcbc`c UCW hm M`hj`esmc
lelmnmam oc`yca lc`gcct hc` aeu`tu`dc` hcncl pere`kc`cc` hc` peloc`du`c`.
perlm`tcc` cac` peletcc` suctu wmncycb hcncl oerocdcm omhc`d letjhe
peletcc` am`m oeraeloc`d. He`dc` chc`yc pelc`gcctc` tea`jnjdm aclerc hc`
pescwct tc`pc cwca lcac peaericc` peletcc` hcpct hmncauac` he`dc` omcyc yc`d
lurcb, kepct hc` wcatu yc`d renctmg sm`dact (He`hm Bcrms _ckblc`tjc, ?6?6).
UCW iudc lelmnmam vcrmcsm tm`ddm teroc`d sebm`ddc petc yc`d hmbcsmnac` iudc
lelmnmam oerocdcm lckcl ie`ms . Aetm`ddmc` teroc`d mhecn chcncb 3?6 leter
he`dc` aetm`ddmc` lcsasmlul sesucm bjaul yc`d oerncau chcncb 356 leter.

?.; Dnjocn Vjsmtmj`m`d [ystel (DV[)

Ve`e`tuc` pjsmsm D@[[ lerupcac` pe`e`tuc` pjsmsm hm perluacc` oulm
he`dc` le`ddu`cac` oc`tuc` sctenmt. [ctenmt D@[[ he`dc` lelc`kcrac` sm`ycn-
sm`ycn`yc u`tua leloerm tcbu sm pe`dclct te`tc`d pjsmsm sctenmt yc`d

oersc`dautc` sertc icrca`yc hcrm sm pe`dclct oesertc m`gjrlcsm wcatu`yc.

[ebm`ddc hcrm suctu pjsmsm yc`d hmaetcbum hm perluacc` oulm lcac pe`dclct
hcpct le`e`tuac` aehuhuac` pjsmsm terseout terbchcp joiea ncm``yc. Ajlpj`e`
sm`ycn D@[[ terhmrm ctcs 9 Ve`dm`gjrlcsm Icrca (kjhe), Ve`dm`gjrlcsm pjsmsm sctenmt
(@cvmdctmj` lesscde), Denjloc`d Velocwc (Kcrrmer Tcve) (Tjngdc`d, ?63?).

Dclocr ?. [edle` D@[[

DV[ lerupcac` smstel rchmj `cvmdcsm hc` pe`e`tuc` pjsmsm le`ddu`cac`
sctenmt yc`d hmlmnmam hc` hmaenjnc jneb Clermac [ermact. Acre`c oerocsms pchc
sctenmt lcac pe`dclctc` DV[ rekemver`yc tmhca sencnu scnm`d ternmbct
(m`tervmsmomnmty), acr`c yc`d terpe`tm`d chcncb rekemver lclpu le`c`dacp sm`ycn
DV[ (sctennmt vmsmomnmty) bm`ddc le`kuaupm aesenurubc` (Comhm`, ?633). Vchc

hcscr`yc selcam` oc`yca iulncb sctenmt yc`d lclpu hmtc`dacp lcac cac`

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C |=

selcam` ocma punc aucnmtcs hcrm caumsmsm pjsmsm DV[. He`dc` lelc`gcctac` sm`ycn
hcrm sctenmt aeluhmc` rekemver DV[ lencauac` pe`dmactc` ae oencac`d terbchcp
tmtma ocse yc`d hmte`tuac` (letjhe hmgere`smcn), lcac hcncl bcn terseout
pe`duaurc` ctcu pe`dclctc` pjsmsm le`ddu`cac` DV[ lm`mlcn hmdu`cac` huc
rekemver DV[. Aeluhmc` hcncl lencauac` pereaclc` hctc, rekemver bcrus hcncl
aechcc` stctms ctcu hmcl acre`c pe`dclctc` yc`d hmncauac` chcncb pe`dclctc`
u`tua sctu tmtma. Vchc pe`dclctc` DV[ ajlpj`e` yc`d wcimo c`tcrc ncm` chcncb
rekemver DV[, sctenmt yc`d kuaup hc` pe`ddu`c.

?.8 Hmdmtcn Enevctmj` Ljhen (HXL)

Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen (HXL) lerupcac` hesarmpsm hmdmtcn hcrm perluacc`
lehc` hcrm pjm` ;H. HXL le`heactm seocdmc` ctcu senurub perluacc` terrcm`
he`dc` sctu set pjm` hmsarmt HXL hmoe`tua hcrm H[L hmlc`c `mncm enevcsm oerchc
pchc ocre ecrtb. H[L yc`d hmdu`cac` u`tua leloe`tua HXL sekcrc hmdmtcn
le`dbcpus senurub gmtur pchc perluacc` crec. HXL oe`tua hmdmtcn hcrm terrcm`
(perluacc` tc`cb, tmhca terlcsua joiea hm ctcs`yc). HXL hmdclocrac` seocdcm
tmdc represe`tcsm hmle`sm perluacc` lehc` yc`d terhmrm hcrm R, ], Y ajjrhm`ct
hmsmlpc` hcncl oe`tua hmdmtcn yc`d iudc le`kcaup aetm`ddmc` hc` enevcsm u`sur-
u`sur dejdrcgms ncm``yc sertc gmtur cnclm sepertm su`dcm, icnur pedu`u`dc`. HXL
sekcrc sm`dact lerupcac` HEL yc`d tencb hmtclocb he`dc` u`sur-u`sur sepertm
orecanm`es hc` pe`dclctc` sencm` hctc csnm.

?.5 Hmdmtcn [urgcke Ljhen (H[L)

Hmdmtcn [urgcke Ljhen (H[L) lerupcac` ljhen aetm`ddmc` yc`d
le`clpmnac` enevcsm pchc perluacc` pertclc hm tc`cb. H[L hmdu`cac` u`tua
leloe`tua Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen (HXL) he`dc` lelouc`d seluc gmtur hc`
crec pjbj` sekcrc hmdmtcn. H[L le`hesarmpsmac` aetm`ddmc` hcrm seoucb vedetcsm
lmscn`yc pjbj` hc` gmtur-gmtur ncm``yc lmscn`yc oc`du`c`. Hmdmtcn [urgcke Ljhen
(H[L) lerupcac` represe`tcsm suctu perluacc` gmsma hcrm seaulpunc` tmtma-tmtma
ajjrhm`ct tmdc hmle`sm. Hctc bcsmn H[L le`kcaup vedetcsm, icnc`, oc`du`c`, hc`
gmtur terrcm` cnclm. [ebm`ddc hcpct hmouct ljhen tmdc hmle`sm hcrm oerocdcm suhut
pc`hc`d he`dc` le`clocbac`
le`clocbac` nc`h kjver`yc (HUC@XC_M, ?
?634).
634).

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 36

?.7 Aetenmtmc` Vetc Hcscr
VE_AC OMD @j. 35 Xcbu` ?638 te`tc`d pehjlc` tea`ms aetenmtmc` petc
hcscr le`yeoutac` ocbwc Vercturc` Aepcnc Ochc` M`gjrlcsm Dejspcsmcn m`m
lerupcac` pehjlc` tea`ms le`de`cm sycrct hc` aete`tuc` hcncl stc`hcr
aetenmtmc` petc hcscr. Aetenmtmc` yc`d hmlcasuhac` oerupc aetenmtmc` dejletrm
yc`d le`ddclocrac` aetmhcapcstmc` ajjrhm`ct pjsmsm suctu joiea pchc petc
hmoc`hm`dac` he`dc` ajjrhm`ct pjsmsm joiea yc`d hmc`ddcp pjsmsm seoe`cr`yc.
Ajlpj`e` aetenmtmc` dejletrm terhmrm ctcs caurcsm bjrmzj`tcn hc` caurcsm vertmacn
(OMD, ?638). Vchc pe`enmtmc` m`m le`dcku aepchc stc`hcr aetenmtmc` dejletrm petc
_OM oerhcscrac` Vercturc` Aepcnc OMD @jljr 35 tcbu` ?638

Xcoen ?.
?. Aetenmtmc` Vetc _OM

?.4 Hmdmtcsm hc` Ncyjutm`d

Cturc` ctcu aete`tuc` yc`d le`ichm hcscr hc` ckuc` hcncl hescm` hc`
vmsucnmscsm petc cdcr leloermac` bcsmn yc`d ocma hc` egeatmg lerupcac` terlcsua
pe`dertmc` acmhcb acrtjdrcgm. Acrtjdrcgms he`dc` mstmncb kcrtjdrcpbmk drcllcr
ctcu kcrtjdrcpbmk rune,
rune, hc` oerlc`gcct u`tua lelperocmam trc`sger m`gjrlcsm
he`dc` le`ddu`cac` acrcatermstma lur`m oerocdcm acrcatermstma smlojn drcgms.
Hcncl acmhcb acrtjdrcgms terhcpct smlojn acrtjdrgms yc`d hm hcncl`yc terhcpct
[elmjnjdm acrtjdrcgms, ycmtu pelmamrc` tejretms te`tc`d smlojn acrtjdrcgms, ycmtu
buou`dc` smlojn he`dc` ge`jle`c yc`d hmscimac` hc` aeegeatmgc``yc hcncl
le`dajlu`macsmac` m`gjrlcsm aepchc pe`ddu`c petc.. [mlojn acrtjdrcgms
lelmnmam huc actedjrm hcscr, ycmtu enele` drcgms hc` vcrmcoen drcgms. Enele`
drcgms terhmrm ctcs smlojn tmtma, smlojn dcrms hc` smlojn nucsc` (crec). Hcncl

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 33

pe`ercpc``yc, enele` drcgms hmajlom`csmac` he`dc` vcrmcoen drcgms yc`d hm
c`tcrc`yc chcncb u`sur oe`tua, hmle`sm (uaurc`), wcr`c, `mncm (vcnue), jrme`tcsm,
hc` aercpctc` (Bc`hjyj, ?66=).
Ncyjutm`d lerupcac` scncb sctu gcsmnmtcs yc`d hmdu`cac` u`tua
le`dcou`dac` seluc hjaule`, ocma mtu hjaule` vmew, tcone ctcupu` kbcrt ae
hcncl sctu hjaule`yc`d smcp ketca. [encm` hjaule`-hjaule` terseout u`sur
ncm` seocdcm u`sur pe`huau`d yc`d terhchcpct ncyjut c`tcrc ncm` sacnc, crcb utcrc,
nede`hc, drmh ajjrhm`ct, iuhun petc, suloer petc, m`sert petc hc` seocdcm`yc.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 3?

 OCO MMM
LEXJHJNJDM VEAE_ICC@

;.3 Cnct Hc` Ocbc`

Cnct hc` ocbc` yc`d hmdu`cac` hcncl peaericc` m`m chcncb seocdcm
oermaut9
3. Hrj`e ‛ Gjtjdrcletrm he`dc` spesmgmacsm aclerc lm`mlcn suhcb
lelmnmam tea`jnjdm dejtcddm`d, aclerc he`dc` lm`mlcn 3? LV yc`d
tencb lelmnmam smstel stcomnmzctmj` dmlocn yc`d jtjlctms.
?. D@[[ Xmpe Dejhetma hc` percnctc` pe`u`ic`d
;. Lmssmj` Vnc``er [jgtwcre
8. [jgtwcre pe`djncbc` hctc u`tua D@[[
5. [jgtwcre pe`djncbc` hctc u`tua Gjtj Uhcrc

7. [jgwcre pe`ycimc` ctcu ncyjutm`d petc

;.? Njacsm Veletcc`

Ve`duaurc` hmncasc`cac` hm wmncycb Hesc Ajrprm Icyc, Aekclctc`
[uacrcle, Ajtc Oc`hcr Nclpu`d he`dc` nucs crec ≂ 3;5 bc sepertm yc`d
terdclocr pchc Dclocr ;. [etmcp aenjlpja lencauac` pe`djncbc` sesucm
he`dc` onja yc`d tencb hmocdm.

Dclocr ;. Tmncycb _e`kc`c [urvem Gjtjdrcletrm

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 3;

;.; Vercnctc` Ve`huau`d
Vercnctc` pe`huau`d yc`d hmdu`cac` hcncl peaericc` m`m chcncb seocdcm
oermaut9
3. Ncptjp
?. De`set
;. Leljrm
8. Gncsbhmsa
5. Benl
7. _jlpm
4. [jgtwcre pe`huau`d pelouctc` Ncpjrc`
2. CJM

;.8 Letjhjnjdm
;.8.3 Ve`duaurc` Xmtma Aj`trjn Xc`cb
3. Versmcpc` hc` Hmstrmousm
 Hescm` DKV/MKV sesucm acmhcb gjtjdrcletrm hc` ckuc` [@M 2?6? sertc
Verac @j. 3 Xcbu` ?6?6.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma aj`trjn (DKV/MKV) hmre`kc`cac` hmctcs K[_X ctcu kmtrc
terocru u`tua lelperjneb dclocrc` aj`hmsm ncpc`dc` terocru.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb (DKV/MKV) bcrus oeocs hcrm ruc`d pc`hc`d
nc`dmt hcrm sedcnc crcb he`dc` enevcsm 5 hercict hc` tmhca ojneb hm crec
sencm` drju`h.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma aj`trjn bcrus icub hcrm joyea-joyea yc`d luhcb
lelc`tunac` sm`ycn DV[ u`tua le`kedcb terichm`yc luntmpctb
luntmpctb..
 DKV hmwcimocac` u`tua hmpcsc`d pctja he`dc` aete`tuc` yc`d tertunms
pchc persmcpc` chlm`mstrcsm hc` cnct seocdcm tmtma pe`duaurc`.
;.8.? Ve`duaurc` Gjtj Uhcrc
Vere`kc`cc` Icnur Xeroc`d Oeoercpc bcn yc`d bcrus hmperbctmac` pchc
pere`kc`cc` icnur teroc`d gjtj uhcrc9
 Xm`ddm teroc`d aurc`d neomb 366 l.
 Aclerc hmouct jgg-`chmr vmew he`dc` Grj`t jverncp 26% [mhe jverncp
76% .

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 38

  Aekepctc` hrj`e 36 -35 l/s (le`yesucmac` tm`dact ae-bjljde`-c`
njacsm).
 D[H aurc`d hcrm ctcu sclc he`dc` ; kl.
 Tmncycb hmocdm aehcncl 37 onja.
 [jgtwcre hescm` icnur teroc`d
t eroc`d le`ddu`cac` hrj`e hepnjy.
 Hmouct hescm` exte`h oju`hcry u`tua le`hcpctac` pertclpcnc` crec
tetc`ddc yc`d oertuiuc` u`tua le`dbm`hcrm hmstjrsm pchc crec tepm octcs
njacsm peletcc`.
 Expjsure aclerc hmsesucmac` he`dc` aj`hmsm ncpc`dc`.
 Hrj`e hmctur le`ichm retur` tj bjle sekcrc jtjlctms.
U`tua aclerc se`hmrm lelmnmam spesmgmacsm seoedcm oermaut9
- [e`sjr smze gunn grcle 9 ;5.= R ?8.6 ll
- _esjnutmj`9 4=5? R 5;68 pmxen
- Ne`sc Gjkcn Ne`dbtb9 ;5 ll
;.8.; Vrelcram`d
Ve`c`hcc` tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb seoenul hmncauac` peljtretc` pchc setmcp
tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb yc`d chc bcrus hmoerm tc`hc (prelcra). Bcn m`m hmlcasuhac`
supcyc pchc gjtj uhcrc bcsmn peljtretc` `c`tm`yc cac` hcpct hmteluac` tmtma-
tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb terseout. Aete`tuc` pencasc`cc` prelcram`d chcncb seocdcm
oermaut9
 Vrelcram`d oerupc tc`hc smletrms he`dc` tmtma aj`trjn oerchc hm pusct`yc.
Vrelcra hmouct le`ddu`cac` oc``er yc`d hmpjtj`d le`ichm oe`tua tc`hc
+ hc` hm kct he`dc` wcr`c yc`d aj`trcs terbchcp nm`dau`dc` seamtcr cdcr
tmtma aj`trjn hcpct ternmbct iencs pchc gjtj.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma kj`trjn seocma`yc hm hcercb he`dc` catmvmtcs lc`usmc
re`hcb u`tua le`m`dactac` cspea aeclc`c` tmtma aj`trjn lcupu`
prelcra`yc.
 Uaurc` prelcra hmsesucmac` he`dc` D[H (Drju`h [clpm`d Hmstc`ke)
hcrm gjtj yc`d cac` hmbcsmnac` ycmtu ;Ô36ÔD[H.
;.8.8 Ve`duaurc` Xmtma DKV hc` MKV
Ve`duaurc` u`tua tmtma aj`trjn bjrmzj`tcn le`ddu`cac` D@[[ ycmtu9

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 35

  Xmtma DKV le`dmact ae tmtma MX_-? hc` MX_-6 yc`d lerupcac` tmtma mact
yc`d oerchc hm MXE_C.
 MX_ ? hc` MX_ 6 le`ddu`cac` smstel regere`sm ajjrhm`ct [_DM ?63;
he`dc` Hctul TD[ 3=28.
 Leloutubac` tmdc rekemver DV[ tmpe dejhetmk he`dc` greaue`sm N3 hc` N?
(Xjpkj` D_ 5 hc` Nemkc D[ 38), yc`d lc`c Nemkc oergu`dsm seocdcm ocse
hc` Xjpkj` seocdcm rjver.
 Hctc pe`dclctc` yc`d hmdu`cac` chcncb hctc gcse.
 Hescm` icrm`d yc`d hmdu`cac` u`tua pe`duaurc` DKV hc` MKV chcncb
letjhe icrm`d.
 Letjhe yc`d hmdu`cac` chcncb letjhe stctmk hmgere`smcn .
 Nclc pe`dclctc` sctu acnm sesm icrm`d senclc 85 le`mt.
 Aj`versm hctc tm`ddm tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb le`ddu`cac` le`ddu`cac`
weosmte bttps9//srdm.omd.dj.mh/.
 Ve`duaurc` tm`ddm c`te`c hmncauac` seoc`yca ; acnm ycmtu hmcwcn
pe`dclctc`, te`dcb hc` cabmr pe`dclctc`. Ve`dclctc` tm`ddm c`te`c
le`ddu`cac` letjhe snc`a he`dc` senmsmsb pe`dclctc` pe`duaurc` tmhca
neomb hcrm ? ll.
 Le`dmsm gjrlunmr pe`duaurc` hcncl pe`duaurc` tmtma DKV MKV.

Dclocr 8. Vere`kc`cc` Verseocrc` DKV hc` MKV

;.8.5 Caumsmsm Gjtj Uhcrc
Bcn-bcn yc`d bcrus hmperbctmac` scct lencauac` peljtretc` gjtj uhcrc9

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 37

  Gjtj uhcrc hmclomn he`dc` aete`tuc` yc`d tertunms pchc pere`kc`cc` icnur
teroc`d.
 Vrjses caumsmsm hctc hmncauac` he`dc` le`ddu`cac` sjgtwcre Hrj`e
Hepnjy yc`d hmbuou`dac` he`dc` bc`hpbj`e yc`d kjlpctmone pchc scct
pe`duaurc`.
 Hctc yc`d tencb hmhcpct senc`iut`yc hmkea he`dc` hmjncb le`ddu`cac`
Cdmsjgt u`tua lenmbct chc ctcu tmhca`yc crec yc`d ajsj`d ctcu tmhca
terpjtret (kea hmncauac` hm ncojrcturmul setencb pe`duaurc` senescm
hmncauac`).

Dclocr 5. Vere`kc`cc` Icnur Xeroc`d

;.8.7 Ve`djncbc` Xmtma Aj`trjn
 Le`ddu`cac` [jgtwcre Ajlersmn (Xjpkj` Xjjns)
 Le`ichmac` hctc pe`dclctc` le`ichm gjrlct .rm`ex
 Lencauac` pe`djncbc` DKV hc` MKV hc` le`dbcsmnac` `mncm oehc
ajjrhm`ct R, ajjrhm`ct ] hc` Ajjrhm`ct Y (∇R, ∇] hc` ∇Y)
 Verbmtu`dc` perctcc` pcrcleter (Lctbnco)
 Le`e`tuac` iulncb pe`duaurc` (`) hc` iulncb pcrcleter (u) hcncl
pe`duaurc` D@[[
 Vcrcleter hmte`tuac` he`dc` persclcc` 9

Bcsmn yc`d hmhcpct hcrm perctcc` pcrcleter ycmtu bcsmn ajjrhm`ct R hc` ]
hcrm ajjrhm`ct tc`cb yc`d tencb hmuaur.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 34

;.8.4 Ve`djncbc` Hctc Gjtj Uhcrc
Hctc hmjncb le`ddu`cac` cpnmacsm Cdmsjgt. Chcpu` yc`d pernu
hmperbctmac` pchc prjses pe`djncic` hctc 9
 Gjtj uhcrc bcrus hmajreasm rjnnm`d sbutter hc` lelmnmam `mncm drchucn

senektmj` he`dc` reprjiektmj` errjr hmocwcb 6.5

 Aete`tuc` pe`djncbc` he`dc` Cdmsjgt lele`ubm sycrct yc`d tertunms pchc
pc`huc` tea`ms. He`dc` tcbcpc`
tcbcpc` trmc`duncsm seocdcm oermaut 9

Cnmd`

Lcraer

Drchucn
[enektmj`

Drchucn
[enektmj`

Jptmlmze

 Xcbcp senc`iut`yc oerupc jrtbjljscma he`dc` tcbcpc` seocdcm oermaut 9

Oumnh Oumnh Lesb Oumnh Oumnh

He`se + Xeastur HEL Jrtbj
Knjuh

Oumnh
Ljscma

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 32

;.8.2 Uim Caurcsm Xmtma Aj`trjn
Oerhcscrac` [@MZ2?6?-?63= te`tc`d aetenmtc` petc hcscr hcncl pe`ddu`cc`
petc sacnc 393.666 lcac aetenmtmc` yc`d hmdu`cac` seocdcm oermaut9 Xcoen ?.
Aete`tuc` Aetenmtmc` Dejletrm Vetc _OM Oerhcscrac` Aencs.

Xcoen ;. Aete`tuc` Aetenmtmc`

Aetenmtmc` Aencs 3
Bjrmzj`tcn 6,; ll x omnc`dc` sacnc
Wertmacn 6,5 ll x m`tervcn aj`tur
@mncm KE =6 hc` NE =6
=6 hmperjneb he`dc` rulus seocdcm oermaut9
KE =6 < 3,5345 x _L[Er
NE =6 < 3,78== x _L[Ez
Aeterc`dc`9
_L[Er < _jjt Lec` [qucre Errjr pchc pjsmsm x hc` y (bjrmzj`tcn)

_L[Ez < _jjt Lec` [qucre Errjr pchc pjsmsm z (vertmacn)

;.8.= Uim Caurcsm Gjtj Uhcrc
Uim caurcsm bcsmn jrtbjgjtj le`ddu`cac` hctc MKV yc`d tencb hmncauac`
eastrcasm he`dc` hctc jrtbjgjtj nclc hc` ocru. Aete`tuc` sycrct MKV bcrus lcsua
pchc sacnc 393.666 sesucm he`dc` [@M 2?6? 9 ?63= te`tc`d
t e`tc`d Aetenmtmc`
Aeten mtmc` Vetc Hcscr
hc` VE_AC OMD @j. 3 Xcbu` ?6?6 u`tua petc sacnc 393.666. _ulus KE=6 hc`
NE=6 hmbmtu`d he`dc` m`tervcn aj`vmhe`sm =6% le`ddu`cac` rulus 9
KE=6 < 3,5345 x _L[E bjrmzj`tcn
NE=6 < 3,78== x _L[E vertmkcn

He`dc` sacnc petc 3 9 3.666 `mncm lcasmlcn _L[E bjrmzj`tcn seoescr

6,3=4 l u`tua petc aencs 3, sehc`dac` u`tua aencs ? seoescr 6,5=; l. [ehc`dac`
u`tua lcasmlcn _L[E vertmacn seoescr He`dc` sclpen MKV lm`mlcn le`dmautm
iulncb sesucm he`dc` [@M 2?6?
2?6? 9 ?63= te`tc`d Aetenmtmc` Vetc Hcscr.
;.8.36 Letjhe Ve`ycimc` Hctc
Hcncl pe`ycimc` hctc yc`d tencb hmuaur hc` hmjncb lcac pernu hmncauac`
tea`ma vmsucnmscsm hctc cdcr abcncyca hcpct lelcbclm m`gjrlcsm cpc yc`d
terac`hu`d hcncl petc terseout. Velouctc` ncyjut petc lerupcac` peaericc`
tercabmr setencb m`put hctc, ehmtm`d hctc, c`cnmsms hctc, pe`clocbc` ncoen, hc`
pe`dcturc` nede`hc hcgtcr msm tencb hmncauac`. [mlojn acrtjdrcgms lelmnmam huc

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 3=

actedjrm hcscr, ycmtu enele` drcgms hc` vcrmcoen drcgms. Enele` drcgms terhmrm ctcs
smlojn tmtma, smlojn dcrms hc` smlojn nucsc` (crec). Hcncl pe`ercpc``yc, enele`
drcgms hmajlom`csmac` he`dc` vcrmcoen drcgms yc`d hm c`tcrc`yc chcncb u`sur
oe`tua, hmle`sm (uaurc`), wcr`c, `mncm (vcnue), jrme`tcsm, hc` aercpctc`.

Ajlom`csm-ajlom`csm m`m hmdu`cac` u`tua smlojnmscsm ge`jle`c aucnmtctmg hc`

auc`tmtctmg. Cdcr peroehcc` smlojn hmpersepsm bc`yc seocdcm peroehcc` aucnmtctmg,
lcac bcrus hmpersepsm seocdcm lelmnmam `mncm sclc. Ncyjutm`d petc hmctur hcncl
Vercturc` Ochc` M`gjrlcsm
M`gjrlcsm Dejspcsmcn @jljr ; Xcbu` ?637 Xe`tc`d [pesmgmacsm
Xea`ms Ve`ycimc` Vetc Hesc he`dc` aete`tuc` seocdcm oermaut9
3. Iuhun petc.
?. [acnc petc.
;. @clc petc.
8. Vetu`iua netca petc (bc`yc hmtclpmnac` pchc petc sacnc 3 9 36.666 m`heas)

5. Hmcdrcl njacsm.
7. Njdj hc` cnclct m`stc`sm pelouct petc.
4. Ehmsm.
2. Aeterc`dc`/ nede`hc petc.
=. Aeterc`dc` rmwcyct (terlcsua aeterc`dc` aencs aetenmtmc` petc).
36. Vetu`iua pelockcc` ajjrhm`ct dejdrcgm.
33. Vetu`iua pelockcc` ajjrhm`ct UXL.
3?. Velocdmc` hcercb chlm`mstrcsm.
3;. Dclocr sacnc.

38. [m`dactc`.
35. Dclocr crcb utcrc
37. Luac Vetc.
Xc`pc chc`yc ncyjut, seoucb petc tmhca cac` oercrtm cpc-cpc, hc` bc`yc
oerlca`c seocdcm dclocr omcsc. Ve`tm`d`yc ncyjut m`m pchc seoucb petc,
sebm`ddc pernu hmncauac` penctmbc` u`tua le`m`dactac` pe`detcbuc` hc`
aeterclpmnc` hcncl le`hescm` ncyjut yc`d ocma.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?6

;.5 Hmcdrcl Cnmr

Dclocr 7. Hmcdrcl Cnmr

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?3

;.7 Ichwcn _e`kc`c/Aurvc [

Dclocr 4. Aurvc [ _e`kc`c Vencasc`cc` hc` Vere`kc`cc`

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ??

 OCO MW
VENCA[C@CC@ VEAE_ICC@

8.3 VE_[MCVC@ HC@ VE_E@KC@CC@

Hcncl pencasc`cc` peaericc` prjyea m`m hmncauac` persmcpc` hc`
pere`kc`cc` seocdcm pehjlc` pencasc`cc` aedmctc` u`tua le`kcpcm tuiuc` hc`
scscrc` prjyea. Xcbcp persmcpc` hc` pere`kc`cc` hcncl pencasc`cc`
pencasc`cc` peaericc`
cac` hmdu`cac` seocdcm pele`ubc` hcrm letjhjnjdm yc`d suhcb hmre`kc`cac`
ocma seoenul
se oenul hc` sesuhcb hmncauac` pe`duaurc`, pe`djncbc` hc` pe`ycimc` hctc
bcsmn. Oermaut lerupcac` persmcpc` hc` pere`kc`cc` yc`d hmncauac` seoenul
peaericc` hm ncpc`dc` hmncauac`9
c. Xcbcp _e`kc`c Ve`hcbunuc`
Vere`kc`cc` peaericc` ctcu prjyea hmcwcnm hcrm suctu „hcgtcr“
yc`d hmouct jneb pe`ddu`c oeracmtc` he`dc` aeoutubc``yc. Vmbca peloerm
prjyea ctcu oersclc-sclc peruscbcc` pelouct petc ctcu pe`yehmc
m`gjrlcsm le`m`hca-nc`iutm`yc he`dc` le`yusu` Aerc`dac ckuc` aeric
(ACA) yc`d oermsm spesmgmacsm tea`ms hc` aete`tuc`aete`tuc` chlm`mstrctmg
hcrm hctc hc` m`gjrlcsm yc`d hmoutubac` yc`d serm`d hmae`cn he`dc`
mstmncb Xerl jg _egere`ke (XJ_)
(XJ_).. XJ_ lerupcac` ckuc` ocdm pencasc`c
u`tua le`yusu` usunc` ctcu prjpjscn pencasc`cc` peaericc`. Hcncl suctu
penenc`dc` ctcu te`her peaericc` gjtjdrcletrm, XJ_ hmoermac` jneb
peloerm peaericc` u`tua hmsclpcmac` aepchc peruscbcc` pesertc nenc`d.
[ekcrc ulul XJ_ oermsm c`tcrc ncm` terhmrm hcrm aete`tuc` chlmstrctmg,
aete`tuc` tea`ms, letjhc aeric hc` spesmgmacsm yc`d oeracmtc` he`dc`
prjhua ctcu bcsmn. Chlm`mstcsm pelm`iclc` cnct hc` le`durus surct mzm`
ncpc`dc` hmpersmcpac` seoenul ae ncpc`dc` u`tua aeclc`c` peaericc`
hc` iudc le`yctcac` smcp u`tua lencauac` pe`duaurc`.
o. Xcbcp _e`kc`c Ve`dulpunc` Hctc
_e`kc`c pe`dulpunc` hctc hmncauac` he`dc` survey pe`hcbunuc`
hm ncpc`dc`. [urvey ncpc`dc` yc`d hmncauac` c`tcrc ncm` chcncb survey
dejtea`ma hc` survey tjpjdrcgm.
tjpjdrcgm. Vchc tcbcp m`m iudc hmncauac` cnter`ctmg
hescm` u`tua caumsmsm hctc `c`tm`yc. Chcpu` aedmctc`-aedmctc` yc`d

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?;

 hmncauac` u`tua pe`dulpunc` hctc c`tcrc ncm` chcncb pelcsc`dc`
prelcra, pe`duaurc` prelcra he`dc` DV[ hc` peljtretc` uhcrc. Vctja
seocdcm prelcra yc`d hmdu`cac` chcncb sepc`ic`d 7 kl, hmdu`cac`
seocdcm pe`c`hc pchc tmtma DKV hc` MKV cdcr aenmbctc` aetmac hmncauac`

prjses pereaclc` gjtj uhcrc.

k. Xcbcp Vrc-_c`kc`dc`
Vrc-rc`kc`dc` lerupcac` tcbcp pere`kc`cc` cwcn hmlc`c pchc
tcbcp m`m cac` hmluncm persmcpc` u`tua prjses caumsmsm gjtj uhcrc
hmncpc`dc` he`dc` spesmgmacsm cnct hc` ocbc` yc`d suhcb hmre`kc`cac`.
Hcncl tcbcp m`m, bcn-bcn yc`d pernu hmncauac` chcncb pe`yusu`c`
spesmgmacsm ulul, pere`kc`cc` icnur teroc`d, pere`kc`cc` perseocrc`
DKV hc` MKV, sertc pere`kc`cc` c`ddcrc` omcyc.
h. Xcbcp _e`kc`c Hetcmn

Vrjses pere`kc`cc` sekcrc neomb hetcmn cac` hmncauac` pchc tcbcp

m`m hmlc`c bcsmn`yc `c`tm chcncb oerupc ncpjrc` Hetcmneh E`dm`eerm`d
Hesmd` (HEH) hc` cac` hmdu`cac` seocdcm pehjlc` ocdm pencasc`c
prjyea hcncl lencauac` prjses peaericc` prjyea`yc. Vere`kc`cc` hetcmn
hetc mn
yc`d hmncauac` pchc tcbcp m`m c`tcrc ncm` chcncb lencauac` c`cnmsc
letjhe pe`dclomnc` hctc, pe`yusu`c` spesmgmacsm abusus, perm`kmc`
vjnule hc` _CO sertc pelouctc` dclocr aeric hc` hetcmn sekcrc abusus.
Tmncycb peaericc` yc`d lerupcac` Hesc ajrprm rcyc seocdcm telpct
hmncauac` peletcc`
peletcc` gjtj uhcrc, hmocdm
hmocdm le`ichm 8 aj`sjrsmul.
aj`sjrsmul. He`dc`

nucs crec aesenurubc` 3;5 Bc cac` hmocdm ncdm pchc 3 aj`sjrsmul le`ichm
8 onja sebm`ddc tjtcn pchc 8 aj`sjrsmul chcncb 37 onja, hmlc`c
pelocdmc` onja m`m oertuiuc` u`tua pere`kc`cc` icnur teroc`d yc`d
lelchcm pchc estmlcsm peletcc` wmncycb. Crec aj`sjrsmul peletcc`
gjtj uhcrc hcpct hmnmbct pchc dclocr hm ocwcb m`m.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?8

 Dclocr 2. Crec Aj`sjrsmul
e. Xcbcp _e`kc`c Cabmr
Ve`yusu`c` ncpjrc` cabmr hcrm bcsmn perocmac` ncpjrc`-ncpjrc`
seoenul`yc yc`d tencb hmaericac` pchc tcbcp seoenul`yc cac` hmncauac`
pchc tcbcp m`m. Ncpjrc` cabmr terseout aeluhmc` cac` sercbac` aepchc
jw`er ctcu peloerm peaericc`.
g. Xcbcp Ve`yusu`c` Ichwcn Vencasc`cc` hc` Vere`kc`cc`
Ichwcn pencasc`cc` hc` pere`kcc` hcpct hmnmbct pchc aurvc [ yc`d
tencb hmouct pchc oco seoenul`yc.

8.? VELC[C@DC@ HC@ VE@DUAU_C@ V_ELC_A XMXMA AJ@X_JN

(DKV)
Xmtma aj`trjn (DKV) oergu`dsm seocdcm tmtma mact pchc gjtj bcsmn pereaclc`
hc` iudc u`tua aeoutubc` caurcsm. Jneb seoco mtu re`kc`c pe`elpctc` tmtma
aj`trjn seoenul aencpc`dc` pernu hmncauac`.
hmncauac`. _e`kc`c ctcu hescm` hcrm penetcac`
DKV hmncauac` he`dc` le`ddu`cac` smstel ajjrhm`ct UXL Yj`c 82[ TD[-28
pchc crec aj`sjrsmul. Venetcac` DKV hmncauac` he`dc` ckuc` ajjrhm`ct yc`d
hmhcpctac` hcrm cpnmacsm Djjdne Ecrtb. @clu` cac` u`tua pelcsc`dc` pctja hc`
prelcra DKV cac` hmuaur unc`d ncdm le`ddu`cac` cnct D@[[ cacr aetenmtmc`
yc`d hmuaur cdcr sesucm he`dc` [@M 2?6?9?63= le`de`cm aetenmtmc` petc hcscr.
Vere`kc`cc` penetcac` prelcra pchc wmncycb aj`sjrsmul he`dc` perseocrc` ?5
DKV hcpct hmnmbct pchc dclocr hm ocwcb m`m.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?5

 Dclocr =. Verseocrc` Xmtma Aj`trjn
Oermaut `mncm ajjrhm`ct hcrm cpnmacsm djjdne ecrtb seocdcm ckuc` njacsm
pelcsc`dc` prelcra hm ncpc`dc` yc`d hmdu`cac`.
Xcoen 8. Ajjrhm`ct Xmtma Aj`trjn

Xmtma DKV R ]

DKV 3 -5.;45735¶ 365.?2=3=2¶

DKV ? -5.;45568¶ 365.?=;335¶

DKV ; -5.;45528¶ 365.?=4;3?¶

DKV 8 -5.;45766¶ 365.;63?=;¶

DKV 5 -5.;4555;¶ 365.;65?78¶

DKV 7 -5.;433;2¶ 365.;65;64¶

DKV 4 -5.;43833¶ 365.;63843¶

DKV 2 -5.;4387¶ 365.?=4;63¶

DKV = -5.;43427¶ 365.?=?=24¶

DKV 36 -5.;437;8¶ 365.?2=?38¶

DKV 33 -5.;743=8¶ 365.;688?=¶

DKV 3? -5.;74525¶ 365.;66==3¶

DKV 3; -5.;74553¶ 365.?=4;;5¶

DKV 38 -5.;74526¶ 365.?=;8=6¶

DKV 35 -5.;74532¶ 365.?2=?6;¶

DKV 37 -5.;7;638¶ 365.;653??¶

DKV 34 -5.;7;;53¶ 365.;63?38¶

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?7

 DKV 32 -5.;7;537¶ 365.?=4;8?¶

DKV 3= -5.;7;273¶ 365.?=;7=7¶

DKV ?6 -5.;7;4;4¶ 365.?2=;=3¶

DKV ?3 -5.;5=8=5¶ 365.;653=;¶

DKV ?? -5.;5=8=4¶ 365.;63833¶

DKV ?; -5.;5=558¶ 365.?=438?¶

DKV ?8 -5.;5=7=3¶ 365.?=;6?7¶

DKV ?5 -5.;5=582¶ 365.?2=3==¶

[etencb prelcra hmtelpctac` sesucm ajjrhm`ct hmctcs pchc njacsm DKV,

lcac hmncauac` pe`duaurc` le`ddu`cac` cnct D@[[ he`dc` nclc pe`duaurc`
pchc DKV terbmtu`d ; bcrm, yc`d hmncasc`cac` luncm hcrm bcrm scotu tc`ddcn ?8
Cprmn sclpcm bcrm se`m` hcrm tc`ddcn ?7 Cprmn ?6?3. Bcn-bcn ncm` le`de`cm
pere`kc`cc` pe`elpctc` tmtma aj`trjn chcncb seocdcm oermaut9
c. Hmstrmousm tmtma aj`trjn terseocr lerctc pchc 8 aj`sjrsmul crec hesc ajrprm
rcyc.
o. Aj`hmsm DKV seocma`yc oeocs hcrm pe`dbcnc`d, sepertm tmc`d nmstrma cdcr
hmbcsmnac` gjtj he`dc` pjsmsm prelcra yc`d iencs.
k. Ve`elpctc` DKV lelpernmbctac` ruc`d pc`hc`d nc`dmt yc`d oeocs ae
sedcnc crcb he`dc` enevcsm hmctcs 5⁶.
h. Ve`elpctc` icub hcrm joiea regneatmg yc`d lelc`tunac` sm`ycn DKV u`tua
le`dbm`hcrm terichm`yc luntmpctb.
e. Ve`elpctc` DKV bcrus hm telpct yc`d tmhca le`mlounac` m`tergere`sm
eneatrms terbchcp pe`ermlcc` sm`ycn DV[.

8.; VELJX_EXC@ UHC_C

[aelc pencasc`cc` peljtretc` gjtj uhcrc hmncauac` he`dc` aete`tuc`
seocdcm oermaut9
c. [ctu aj`sjrsmul terhmrm hcrm 8 onja.
o. Veljtretc` gjtj uhcrc hmncauac` he`dc` le`ddu`cac` hrj`e HIM
M@[VM_E ? hc` kchc`dc` hrj`e HIM Vbc`tjl 8 he`dc` spesmgmacsm
aclerc9

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?4

 [e`sjr [mze Gunn Grcle9 3;.? x 2
_esjnusm9 584? x ;782
k. Ve`eroc`dc` hrj`e he`dc` aete`tuc`9
Jverncp 9 26 %

[mhencp 9 76 %
D[H 9 ?,22 kl/pmxen
Xm`ddm Xeroc`d 9 365 l
Tmncycb pe`eroc`dc` abusus u`tua peruscbcc` VX. [cscdeyj Dejsjnutmj`
chc hm aj`sjrsmul ; onja 8, hmlc`c nm`tcsc` pe`eroc`dc` hrj`e `yc chcncb
seocdcm oermaut9

Dclocr 36. Icnur Ve`eroc`dc`

Veaericc` peljtretc` uhcrc hmncasc`cac` oersclcc` he`dc` senescm`yc
hmpcsc`d prelcra pchc sctu onja hm aj`sjrsmul du`c lelpersm`dact wcatu
sebm`ddc estmlcsm wcatu pe`dericc` sesucm ichwcn yc`d tencb hmte`tuac`.
Oeoercpc aete`tuc` ncm` teracmt pencasc`cc` peljtretc` gjtj uhcrc c`tcrc ncm`
chcncb seocdcm oermaut9
c. Crec yc`d lelocbcycac` sepertm acoen, sutet, pjbj` ctcu oe`hc ncm``yc
hmscrc`ac` u`tua hmbm`hcrm seocdcm bjle pjm`t.
o. Le`dbm`hcrm crec he`dc` pc`kcrc` wmgm yc`d ae`kc`d acre`c hcpct
le`ddc`ddu aj`easm reljte he`dc` hrj`e.
k. Oermac` cncs u`tua Bjle Vjm`t u`tua ledbm`hcrm rjtjr le`yercp heou
hc` pcsmr pchc crec peletcc`.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?2

 h. Lelperbctmac` aj`hmsm nc`hm`d hrj`e.

8.8 VE@DJNCBC@ HCXC

Ve`djncbc` hctc hmocdm le`ichm ? ycmtu pe`djncbc` tmtma aj`trjn hc`
pe`djncbc` bcsmn peljtretc` uhcrc.
8.8.3 Ve`djncbc` tmtma aj`trjn
Cnur pe`djncbc` tmtma aj`trjn c`tcrc ncm` chcncb seocdcm oermaut9
c. Ve`dclctc` hmncauac` aurc`d neomb senclc 85 le`mt pchc sctu sesm.
o. Hctc _M@ER hcrm pe`duaurc` D@[[ hmjncb ae hcncl gjrlct gmne L66
he`dc` cpnmacsm Xjpkjr` Xjjns.
k. Bcsmn pe`djncbc` hcrm Xjpkjr` Xjjns chcncb oerupc ajjrhm`ct hc`
icrca pchc tmtma DKV he`dc` letjhe [tctmk Hmgere`smcn.
h. [etencb ajjrhm`ct nm`tc`d hc` ouiur`yc hmhcpct, senc`iut`yc aetm`ddmc`
ennmpsjmh pchc cnct uaur hmuocb le`ichm aetm`ddmc` Dejmh.
e. Aetm`ddmc` Dejmh lelcacm regere`sm [_DM yc`d omsc hmcases hcrm
weosmte9 bttps9//srdm.omd.dj.mh/ .
g. [enc`iut`yc hmncauac` perbmtu`dc` u`tua le`hcpctac` `mncm ;
pcrcleter ycmtu (Θx, Θy, hc` Θz) yc`d hmdu`cac` u`tua uim caurcsm
aetenmtmc` hcrm jrtjgjtj hc` Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen (HXL).
d. Aeluhmc` cac` hmncauac` pe`c`hcc` tmtma DKV sekcrc jtjlctms pchc
setmcp gjtj yc`d oertclpcnc` hm cpnmacsm Cdmsjgt Letcsbcpe pchc
prjses pe`djncbc` gjtj uhcrc.
8.8.? Ve`djncbc` Bcsmn Veljtretc` Uhcrc
Cnur pe`djncbc` bcsmn peljtretc` uhcrc c`tcrc ncm` chcncb seocdcm
oermaut9
c. Ve`djncbc` gjtj uhcrc hmncauac` he`dc` cpnmacsm Cdmsjgt Letcsbcpe.
Letcsbcpe.
o. Gjtj uhcrc bcrus hmajreasm rjnnm`d sbutter hc` bcrus lelmnmam `mncm
drchucn senektmj` errjr hm ocwcb 6.5.
k. Vrjses cnmd` hmncauac` u`tua le`hcpct tme pjm`t.
h. Vrjses drchucn senektmj` hmncauac` u`ua lerehuasm tme pjm`t yc`d
oerneombc`.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ?=

 e. Vrjses pe`dmactc` hmncauac` he`dc` ljhen Xrmc`duncteh Mrreduner
@etwjra (XM@) pchc setmcp tme pjm`t.
g. Vrjses he`se knjuh hmncauac` u`tua le`dbcsmnac` Hmdmtcn [urgcke
Ljhen, Hmdmtcn terrcm` Ljhen hc` Jrtbjpbjtj.

Vrjses pe`djncbc` gjtj uhcrc pchc Cdmsjgt Letcsbcpe sekcrc neomb

rm`km ternmbct pchc tcoen hm ocwcb m`m.
Xcoen 5. Vrjses Ve`djncbc` Gjtj Uhcrc

8.5. UIM CAU_C[M V_JHUA

Caurcsm hc` aescncbc` pjsmsm bjrmzj`tcn sertc aencs hcrm aetenmtmc` petc
yc`d hmbcsmnac` hcpct hmaetcbum he`dc` lencauac` uim caurcsm yc`d oeregere`sm
pchc [@M 2?62 9 ?63=, sehc`dac` caurcsm hc` aescncbc` pjsmsm vertmacn hcpct
hmaetcbum setencb lencauac` prjses pe`djncbc` Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen (HXL).
Oermaut chcncb aencs aetenmtmc` petc hcscr oerhcscrac` oerocdcm sacnc9
Xcoen 7. Aetenmtmc` Vetc Hcscr [@M 2?6? 9 ?63=

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;6

He`dc` aeterc`dc` seocdcm oermaut9

8.5.3 Vere`kc`cc` Xmtma Uim (MKV)

Vere`kc`cc` tmtma uim (MKV) hmncpc`dc` lelmnmam prjses yc`d bclpmr
sclc he`dc` tmtma aj`trjn (DKV) hmlc`c hmtelpctac` prelcra hm ncpc`dc`
aeluhmc` hmuaur le`ddu`cac` cnct D@[[. Vere`kc`cc` tmtma uim hm
perc`dact nu`ca hmte`tuac` he`dc` lencauac` pe`c`hcc` pchc crec
c rec Hesc
Ajrprm _cyc yc`d terseocr lerctc pchc pchc 8 aj`sjrsmul. Vere`kc`cc`
penetcac` njacsm tmtma MKV iudc hmncauac` he`dc` cpnmacsm djjdne ecrtb
sebm`ddc ajjrhm`ct hcrm djjdne ecrtb m`m chcncb seocdcm ckuc` pelcsc`dc`

prelcra hm ncpc`dc` he`dc` tjtcn 3? MKV hc` hescm` seocdcm oermaut9

Dclocr 33. Verseocrc` Xmtma Uim.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;3

 Ajjrhm`ct hcrm cpnmacsm djjdne ecrtb hmdu`cac` seocdcm ckuc` njacsm
pelcsc`dc` prelcra MKV hm ncpc`dc`, `clu` cac` hmuaur unc`d le`ddu`cac`
cnct D@[[ u`tua le`hcpctac` aetenmtmc` yc`d neomb tm`ddm.
Oermaut `mncm ajjrhm`ct hcrm cpnmacsm djjdne ecrtb seocdcm ckuc` njacsm

pelcsc`dc` tmtma uim hm ncpc`dc` yc`d hmdu`cac`.

Xcoen 4. Ajjrhm`ct Xmtma Uim.

Xmtma MKV R ]

MKV 3 -5.;4378?¶ 365.?=3;43¶

MKV ? -5.;43;42¶ 365.?=5658¶

MKV ; -5.;438?3¶ 365.?==255¶

MKV 8 -5.;43328¶ 365.;6;?8=¶

MKV 5 -5.;74562¶ 365.?=3838¶

MKV 7 -5.;74553¶ 365.?=5577¶

MKV 4 -5.;74586¶ 365.?==;54¶

MKV 2 -5.;745;=¶ 365.;6;3;=¶

MKV = -5.;7;82;¶ 365.?=3?65¶

MKV 36 -5.;7;5?7¶ 365.?=5;33¶

MKV 33 -5.;7;37?¶ 365.?===65¶

MKV 3? -5.;7;65?¶ 365.;6;387¶

8.5.? Ve`duaurc` MKV

Vencasc`cc` pe`duaurc` MKV hmncauac` oersclcc` he`dc`

pe`duaurc` DKV he`dc` le`ddu`cac` cnct D@[[ he`dc` nclc

pe`duaurc` aurc`d neomb 85 le`mt pchc tmtma njacsm pe`elpctc` prelcra
MKV yc`d suhcb hmte`tuac` hm ncpc`dc`. Ve`duaurc` m`m hmncauac` du`c
le`hcpctac` iudc pcrcleter Θx, Θy, hc` Θz yc`d hmdu`cac` u`tua uim
caurcsm aetenmtmc` hcrm jrtjgjtj hc` Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen (HXL) hc`
hmjncb pchc scct pe`djncbc` gjtj uhcrc. Hctc MKV pchc HXL cac`
hmc`ddcp seocdcm hctc yc`d le`heactm ajjrhm`ct seoe`cr`yc cpcomnc `mncm
uim caurcsm u`tua KE=6 pchc aj`hmsm bjrmzj`tcn hc` NE=6 u`tua vertmacn
suhcb sesucm he`dc` [@M.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;?

8.5.; Ve`djncbc` MKV
Vrjses pe`djncbc` ajjrhm`ct tmtma MKV hcrm cnct D@[[ sclc he`dc`
pe`djncbc` hctc yc`d hmncauac` u`tua tmtma DKV, ycmtu he`dc`
le`ddu`cac` cpnmacsm Xjpkjr` Xjjns u`tua le`detcbum ajjrhm`ct hc`

le`duocb `mncm enevcsm hcrm ennmpsjmh ae dejmh he`dc` lelcacm smstel

[_DM lencnum weosmte bttps9//srdm.omd.dj.mh/.
Aeluhmc` hctc ajjrhm`ct hc` enevcsm terseout cac` hmjncb ncdm
he`dc` prjses yc`d sclc he`dc` prjses pe`djncbc` DKV pchc cpnmacsm
Cdmsjgt Letcsbcpe hmlc`c pe`c`hcc` tmtma MKV hmncauac` pchc gjtj yc`d
oertclpcnc`. Vrjses pe`c`hcc` m`m cac` le`e`tuac` `mncm caurcsm hcrm
bcsmn jutput pe`djncbc` smstel.
8.5.8 Uim Caurcsm
Uim Caurcsm hmncauac` sesucm he`dc` [@M 2?6? 9 ?63= le`de`cm

aetenmtmc` petc hcscr, hmlc`c u`tua petc sacnc 393666 he`dc` aj`vmhe`sm
m`tervcn seoescr =6%, lcac uim caurcsm hmncauac` lencnum perbmtu`dc`
seocdcm oermaut9
c. KE=6 < 3,5345 x _L[E Bjrmzj`tcn (`mncm hcrm R] errjr Kbeka pjm`t
_L[E hcncl kl).
o. NE=6 < 3,78== x _L[E Wertmacn (`mncm hcrm Y errjr errjr Kbeka pjm`t
_L[E hcncl kl).
@mncm hcrm bcsmn uim caurcsm cac` le`e`tuac` petc yc`d hmbcsmnac`
cac` lcsua aepchc sacnc hc` aencs oercpc. Aedu`cc` ncm` hcrm `mncm bcsmn

uim caurcsm m`m chcncb u`tua le`detcbum oercpc m`tervcn aj`tur yc`d cac`
hmouct oerhcscrac` aencs hc` sacnc.

8.7. AC_XJD_CGM
[etencb lencnum prjses pe`djncbc` gjtj uhcrc he`dc` le`ddu`cac`
cpnmacsm Cdmsjgt Vrjgesmj`cn he`dc` aenucrc` bcsmn petc H[L hc` HXL sertc petc
jrtjgjtj he`dc` le`hcpctac` `mncm uim caurcsm he`dc` sacnc 393666 lcac hmouct
pe`ycimc` hctc oerupc9
c. Vetc Jrtbjpbjtj he`dc` sacnc 393666

o. H[L hc` HXL he`dc` sacnc 393666

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;;

 k. Vetc aj`tur crec he`dc` sacnc 393666
h. Vetc Vnc`mletrms he`dc` sacnc 393666
[eluc prjhua yc`d hmbcsmnac` cac` hm ncyjut pchc aertcs C?. Hctc
jrtbjpbjtj hmsmlpc` hcncl gjtlct .ekw, hctc H[L hcncl gjrlct .tmgg, hctc HXL

hcncl gjrlct tmgg, hctc aj`tur hcncl gjrlct .sbp sertc petc pnc`mletrma iudc hcncl
gjrlct .sbp. [eluc prjses acrtjdrcgm hmncauac` pchc cpnmacsm CrkDM[.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;8

 OCO W
BC[MN HC@ VELOCBC[C@

5.3 XENCCB ACA

Hcncl Aerc`dac Ckuc` Aeric Ve`yehmcc` Hctc [pcsmcn Hcscr Hesc

Le`ddu`cac` Xea`jnjdm Veletcc` Gjtj Uhcrc tencb leloermac` crcbc` yc`d
iencs le`de`cm nctcr oencac`d, lcasuh, tuiuc` hc` scscrc` yc`d be`hca hmkcpcm
hcrm aedmctc` m`m, bm`ddc tcbcpc` pencasc`cc` aedmctc`. Aerc`dac Ckuc` Aeric
yc`d hm hmoermac` suhcb leloerm dclocrc` aepchc aj`suntc` te`tc`d peaericc`
yc`d hmtcwcrac`. Hcncl pencasc`cc``yc se`hmrm suhcb hmncauac` pe`duaurc` hc`
aesesucmc``yc suhcb sepertm yc`d terhcpct hcncl ACA.

5.? XENCCB V_J[E[ VEAE_ICC@

5.?.3 XENCCB V_ELC_AM@D

Ve`c`hcc` tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb seoenul hmncauac` peljtretc` pchc setmcp
tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb yc`d chc bcrus hmoerm tc`hc (prelcra). Bcn m`m hmlcasuhac`
supcyc pchc gjtj uhcrc bcsmn peljtretc` `c`tm`yc cac` hcpct hmteluac` tmtma-
tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb terseout. Hcncl prjses pelcsc`dc` prelcra hmdu`cac`ncb
acm` oewcr`c jrc`de he`dc` pc`ic`d 46 kl x ;6 kl sebm`ddc suhcb
lele`ubm aete`tuc` yc`d chc. Aete`tuc` pencasc`cc` prelcram`d chcncb
seocdcm oermaut 9
 Vrelcram`d oerupc tc`hc smletrms he`dc` tmtma aj`trjn oerchc hm

pusct`yc. Vrelcra hmouct le`ddu`cac` oc``er yc`d hmpjtj`d le`ichm

oe`tua tc`hc + hc` hm kct he`dc` wcr`c yc`d aj`trcs terbchcp
nm`dau`dc` seamtcr cdcr tmtma aj`trjn hcpct ternmbct iencs pchc gjtj.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma kj`trjn seocma`yc hm hcercb he`dc` catmvmtcs lc`usmc
re`hcb u`tua le`m`dactac` cspea aeclc`c` tmtma aj`trjn lcupu`
prelcra`yc.
 Uaurc` prelcra hmsesucmac` he`dc` D[H (Drju`h [clpm`d Hmstc`ke)
hcrm gjtj yc`d cac` hmbcsmnac` ycmtu ;Ô36ÔD[H.
5.?.? XENCCB V_J[E[ VE@DUAU_C@ DKV/MKV

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;5

 Hcncl prjses pe`duaurc` DKV/MKV hmdu`cac` cncct oerupc rekemver
D@[[ tmpe dejhetma
dejhetma he`dc` Nemkc D[38
D[38 hc` Xjpkj`
Xjpkj` D_5. U`tua letjhe
pe`duaurc` chcncb tmpe icrm`d he`dc` nclc pe`dclctc` chcncb 85 le`mt per
tmtma. U`tua pe`duaurc` yc`d hmncauac` oeuiua pchc 9

Hescm` DKV/MKV sesucm acmhcb gjtjdrcletrm hc` ckuc` [@M 2?6? sertc
Verac @j. 3 Xcbu` ?6?6.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma aj`trjn (DKV/MKV) hmre`kc`cac` hmctcs kmtrc terocru
u`tua lelperjneb dclocrc` aj`hmsm ncpc`dc` terocru.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma aj`trjn tc`cb (DKV/MKV) bcrus oeocs hcrm ruc`d pc`hc`d
nc`dmt hcrm sedcnc crcb he`dc` enevcsm 5 hercict hc` tmhca ojneb hm crec
sencm` drju`h.
 Ve`elpctc` tmtma aj`trjn bcrus icub hcrm joyea-joyea yc`d luhcb
lelc`tunac` sm`ycn DV[ u`tua le`kedcb terichm`yc luntmpctb.
luntm pctb.

DKV hmwcimocac` u`tua hmpcsc`d pctja he`dc` aete`tuc` yc`d tertunms
pchc persmcpc` chlm`mstrcsm hc` cnct seocdcm tmtma pe`duaurc`.
5.?.; XENCCB V_J[E[ VE@DUAU_C@ GJXJ UHC_C
Hcncl pere`kc`cc` icaur teroc`d, aetm`ddmc` hrj`e aurc`d neomb 365 l,
aclerc hmouct jgg-`chmr vmew he`dc` Grj`t jverncp 26 %, [mhe Jverncy 76 %.
He`dc` aekepctc` hrj`e 36-?5 l/s D[H aurc`d neomb sclc he`dc` ; kl.
U`tua hrj`e`yc se`hmrm hmdu`cac` HIM M`spmre ? hc` HIM Vb`ctjl 8C. U`tua
wmncycb pe`duaurc` he`dc` peletcc` he`dc` gjtj uhcrc m`m seoc`yca 8 onja
per aj`sjrsmul. Vrjses causmsm hctc yc`d hmncauac` le`ddu`cac` sjgtwcre

Hrj`e Hepnjy yc`d terbuou`d he`dc` Bc`hpbj`e yc`d kjlpctmone pchc scct
pe`duaurc`. Bcsmn`yc cac` hmncauac` pe`dekeaac` hm ncojrcturmul he`dc`
le`ddu`cac` cpnjacsm Cdmsjgt. Oermaut oeoercpc bcn yc`d bcrus hmperbctmac`
pchc pere`kc`cc` icnur teroc`d gjtj uhcrc 9
 Xm`ddm teroc`d aurc`d neomb 365 l.
 Aclerc hmouct jgg-`chmr vmew he`dc` Grj`t jverncp 26% [mhe jverncp
76%.
 Aekepctc` hrj`e 36 -35 l/s (le`yesucmac` tm`dact ae-bjljde`-c`
njacsm).

D[H aurc`d hcrm ctcu sclc he`dc` ; kl.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;7

  Tmncycb hmocdm aehcncl 8 onja.
 [jgtwcre hescm` icnur teroc`d le`ddu`cac` hrj`e hepnjy.
 Hmouct hescm` exte`h oju`hcry u`tua le`hcpctac` pertclpcnc` crec
tetc`ddc yc`d oertuiuc` u`tua le`dbm`hcrm hmstjrsm pchc crec tepm octcs

njacsm peletcc`.
 Expjsure aclerc hmsesucmac` he`dc` aj`hmsm ncpc`dc`.
 Hrj`e hmctur le`ichm retur` tj bjle sekcrc jtjlctms.
5.; XENCCB V_JHUA

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;4

 U`tua jutput yc`d hmbcsmnac` jneb aenjlpja aclm hmhcpctac` ocbwc
aetenmtmc` petc lcsua hcncl sacnc 393666 aencs ? hc` u`tua aetenmtmc` vertmacn`yc
lcsua hcncl m`tervcn aj`tur 6,8 l aencs 3. Bcn terseout hcpct hmhcpctac` acre`c
prjses trmc`duncsm yc`d tencb hmncauac` suhcb lele`ubm
lele`ubm aete`tuc` yc`d oerncau.

Hcncl prjses pe`djncbc` yc`d hmncauac` hmhcpctac` bcsmn oerupc Hmdmtcn

[urgcke Ljhen (H[L) yc`d lc`c H[L chcncb ljhen aetm`ddmc` yc`d
le`clpmnac` enevcsm pchc perluacc` pertclc hm tc`cb. [enc`iut`yc H[L
hmdu`cac` u`tua leloe`tua Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen (HXL) he`dc` lelouc`d
seluc gmtur hc` crec pjbj` sekcrc hmdmtcn. [ebm`ddc cpcomnc hmperbctmac` pchc
bcsmn HXL hm ocwcb lcac bcsmn`yc le`u`iuaac` suhcb tmhca chc ncdm joiea
oc`du`c` hc` ncm``yc yc`d oerchc hm tjpjdrcgm. H[L le`hesarmpsmac` aetm`ddmc`
aetm`ddmc`
hcrm vedetcsm lmscn`yc pjbj` hc` gmtur-gmtur ncm``yc lmscn`yc oc`du`c`. H[L
lerupcac` represe`tcsm suctu perluacc` gmsma hcrm seaulpunc` tmtma-tmtma

ajjrhm`ct tmdc hmle`sm. Hcncl bcn m`m hctc HXL hmoe`tua hcrm pjm`t knjuhs yc`d

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;2

suhcb hmncauac` prjses gmnterm`d u`tua le`hcpctac` ocre ecrtb ctcu perluacc`
perluacc` tc`cb. Vchc prjses peloe`tuac` H[L hc` HXL m`m hmncauac`
le`ddu`cac` sjgtwcre Dnjocn Lcpper. HXL lerupcac` ljhen lehc` hmdmtcn
yc`d bc`yc leluct m`gjrlcsm aetm`ddmc` perluacc` tc`cb (ocre ecrtb surgcke)

tc`pc terpe`dcrub jneb vedetcsm ctcu gmtur ouctc` lc`usmc ncm``yc.

5.8 XENCCB AU_WC [

Hcncl Aurvc [ yc`d hmscimac` terhcpct 2 aedmctc` yc`d lelmnmam ojojt
prese`tcsm``yc se`hmrm, Chcpu` 2 aedmctc` yc`d hmscimac` hcncl oe`tua Aurvc [,
ycmtu9
3. Versmcpc` Vrjpjscn Ve`cwcrc`
?. Jrme`tcsm Ncpc`dc`
;. Velouctc` Vrelcra

8. Velcsc`dc` prelcra u`tua DKV & MKV

5. Ve`duaurc` DKV hc` MKV
7. Caumsmsm Hctc Gjtjdrcletrm
4. Ve`djncbc` Hctc D@[[ hc` Gjtjdrcletrm
2. Ncpjrc`
Hcncl bcn m`m persmcpc` prjpjscn pe`cwcrc` lelmnmam ojojt 3,43%,
Jrme`tcsm Ncp`dc` seoescr 2,3?%, Velouctc` Vrelcra 6,?5%, Velcsc`dc` DKV
hc` MKV 3?,32%, Ve`duaurc` DKV hc` MKV lelmnmam ojojt yc`d sclc sepertm
Caumsmsm Hctc Gjtjdrcletrm ycmtu seoescr ?2,72%, Ve`djncbc` Hctc Gjtjdrcletrm

hc` D@[[ 3=,32%,

3=,32%, hc` Ncpjrc` 3,?6%. He`dc` peramrcc` wcatu senclc 34 bcrm
u`tua 2 aedmctc`.
aedmctc`. Xetcpm hcncl pencasc`cc``yc oerhcscrac` Aurvc [ pchc
pere`kc`cc` aedmctc` persmcpc` yc`d tencb hmouct tmhca
tm hca sesucm he`dc` ichwcn. Bcn
m`m hmacre`cac` chc`yc bcloctc` Aetmac le`durus surct permzm`c` hc`
pelm`iclc` cnct. Hcncl aedmctc` pe`ymcpc` hctc iudc tmhca sesucm
ses ucm he`dc` ichwcn
yc`d chc. Aetmac pe`dclomnc` hctc lelmnmam ae`hcnc sepertm teroctcs`yc cnct
pe`huau`d u`tua le`dmsm hcyc cnct yc`d hmdu`cac` hmncpc`dc`. Ve`djncbc` hctc
yc`d hmhcpct iudc lelmnmam bcloctc` acre`c aurc`d`yc aetenmtmc` hcrm bcsmn,
sebm`ddc tmhca sesucm he`dc` yc`d hmm`dm`ac`. Lcac hmpernuac``yc pe`djncbc`

unc`d.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | ;=

 OCO WM
AE[MLVUNC@

Oerhcscrac` Vrjiekt Ocsmk Necr`m`d (ViON) yc`d peruscbcc` aclm

ncauac`, lcac hcpct hmsmlpunac` chcncb9

3. Vrjses trmc`duncsm uhcrc yc`d hmncauac` suhcb lele`ubm aete`tuc` yc`d
chc, yc`d lc`c prjses m`m lerupcac` pe`e`tu aucnmtcs bcsmn jncbc` gjtj
senc`iut`yc.
?. Vetc yc`d hmbcsmnac` lcsua hcncl aetenmtmc` petc sacnc 393666 aencs ?.
;. Vetc aj`tur yc`d hmbcsmnac` lcsua aehcncl m`tervcn aj`tur 6,8 leter
aencs 3.
8. Jutput yc`d hmbcsmnac` hcncl peaericc` m`m chcncb petc H[L, petc HXL,
petc aj`tur, hc` petc pnc`mletrms.

5. Hcncl ichwcn pencasc`cc``yc tmhca sesucm he`dc` pere`kc`cc` yc`d

hmouct, bcn hmacre`cac` chc`yc lcscncb hcncl hrj`e hc` lm`ml`yc kctu
hcyc D@[[.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 86

 HCGXC_ VU[XCAC

Comhm`, I. C. (?633). [urvem he`dc` DV[. VX. Vrch`yc Vcrclmtc9 Icacrtc

Icacrtc..
Cblch [ycuqc`m, [. [. (?634). Ve`dcrub Wcrmcsm Xm`ddm Xeroc`d Le`ddu`cac`
Tcbc`c U`lc``eh Cermcn Webmkne (UCW) Suchkjpter Him Vbc`tjl ; Vrj
Vchc Velouctc` Vetc Jrtbjgjtj. Iur`cn Dejhesm U`hmp,
U`hmp, ?8=-?54.
OMD. (?638). Vercturc` Aepcnc Ochc` M`gjrlcsm Dejspcsmcn @jljr 35 Xcbu`
?638 Xe`tc`d Vehjlc` Xea`ms Aetenmtmc` Vetc Hcscr. M`gjrlcsm
Dejspcsmcn (OMD) 9 Kmom`j`d.
He`hm Bcrms _ckblc`tjc, L. M. (?6?6). Velc`gcctc` Letjhe Gjtjdrcletrm U`tua
Veletcc` [acnc 3 9 3666 ([tuhm Acsus 9 U`mversmtcs Ve`hmhmac`
M`hj`esmc). Iur`cn E@LCV (E`vmrj`le`t & Lcppm`d) Wjn. 3 @j.? p-
M[[@9 ?485;4;,
?485;4;, 23-27.
HUC@XC_M, @. (?634). Htl (Hmdmtcn Xerrcm` Ljhen) Kjlpcrctmve C`cnysms
Grjl Nmhcr (Nmdbt Hetektmj` C`h _c`dm`d) C`h Cermcn Vbjtj Hctc Xj
Krecte _upc Oulm M`hj`esmc Kj`tjur . Xudcs Cabmr ‛ _D3835;7.
Bc`hjyj. (?66=). Acmhcb Acrtjdrcgms. Gjrul Xea`ma Ctncs Ochc` M`gjrlcsm
Dejspcsmc..
Dejspcsmc
@cryjaj, ]. V. (?63=). Acimc` Xercpc`
Xercpc` Xea`jnjdm Ucv Hc` [md Hcncl Velouctc`
Vetc Hesc [acnc 393666 U`tua Tmncycb _w-68 Aenurcbc` Xelocnc`d
Xcbu` ?634 . Iur`cn Dejhesm U`hmp WJN 2 , @J 3 , (M[[@ 9?;;4-285R) ,
3-=.
Tjngdc`d, I. (?63?). Dejhesy. Derlc`y9 He Druyter.

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 83

 NCLVM_C@

3. Hjaule`tcsm Aedmctc` Ncpc`dc`

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 8?

?. Gjrlunmr Ve`duaurc` Ncpc`dc` (D@[[)

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 8;

;. Vetc Vrjhua
c. Vetc Jrtbjgjtj

o. Vetc H[L

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 88

k. Vetc HXL

h. Vetc Aj`tur

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 85

e. Vetc Vnc`mletrma

M@[XMXUX XEA@JNJDM [ULCXE_C | 87