Professional Documents
Culture Documents
British colonial expansion began in the 16th century after the victory of the English over the
Spanish Armada in 1588. By the beginning of the 18th century Britain had created a large
empire, with colonies in Canada, America and the West Indies.
By the 19th century the British occupied Australia, New Zealand, parts of China and other
territories in Africa and South-East Asia.
At the end of the 19th century, the British Empire consisted of more than 400 million people.
Much of the wealth of the British Empire came from the slave trade.
The slave trade reached its peak in the 18th century with the so-called ‘Triangular Slave
Trade’ which consisted of three steps. First, the British traders took goods like cotton and guns to
Africa and exchanged them for slaves.
Then, the traders took the slaves and sold them in North America and in the West Indies.
Finally, the traders returned to Great Britain to sell the products of the slaves’ work, for example
cotton, sugar and tobacco.
In total around 12 million Africans sailed to the Americas as slaves.
Conditions for the slaves were terrible and a lot of people began to oppose the slave trade. In the
1780s the British politician William Wilberforce started a huge campaign which ended in 1833
with the Slavery Abolition Act. This act abolished slavery in most of the British Empire.
Part 2: Grammar
1. Choose the correct answer.
1 I always go / I’m always going swimming on Sundays.
2 It rains / It’s raining so we can’t go out.
3 I’m usually working / I usually work on Saturdays but luckily I’m not working / I don’t work
today.
4 Why you drink / are you drinking milk? You don’t like / aren’t liking it!
5 We always go / We’re always going on holiday to Greece but this year we are wanting / want a
change.
6 Where are we going / do we go now?
2.Complete the sentences about what they like or don’t like doing. Use the verbs in the box.
Part 3: Writing
Write a short text about TV programmes you like or dislike.