- anything that a person considers important in life, such

SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES, ETHICS AND HUMAN as material things, ideas and experiences
RELATIONS
KINDS OF VALUES

1) BIOLOGICAL VALUES
CRIM. 3: ETHICS AND VALUES - those that are necessary for survival, such as food,
shelter, clothing, sex, water, sleep
PART ONE - include the physiological needs of man as man
GENERAL and SPECIAL ETHICS 2) PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUES
- those are that are necessary for emotional fulfillment
ETHICS of man, such as relationships, companionship, family,
- the science of the morality of human acts friendships, love
- the study of the human motivation, and ultimately of 3) INTELLECTUAL VALUES
human rational behaviour - those that are necessary for the intellectual
- derived from the Greek word, ethos, which means fulfillment of man, such as achievements, career,
characteristic way of acting and ethikos, which means success
customary 4) MORAL VALUES
- Ethics employs the faculty of human reasoning in tackling - those that are necessary for the spiritual fulfillment
the important question of what makes an upright life. of man
Ethics is therefore a noble and important science.
- It means a branch of philosophy dealing with what are
good and bad with moral duty and obligation VIRTUE
- A set of principles of right conduct. It is a set of moral - a habit that inclines the person to act in a way that
harmonizes with his nature
values: the Principle of conduct governing an individual
- the habit of doing good
or a group. Refers to practical science of the normality of
- the opposite is vice, the habit of doing bad
human conduct. A theory or a system of moral values.
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES
MORALITY
- the quality which makes an act good or bad, good or 1) PRUDENCE
evil, right or wrong - the ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of
reason and sound judgment
Morals- have a greater social element to values - the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most
and tend to have a very broad acceptance. effective means for accomplishing what is morally good
and avoiding what is evil
2) TEMPERANCE
MORAL DISTINCTIONS - one’s ability to moderate or avoid something
- the virtue that regulates the carnal appetite for sensual
1) moral - good, right pleasures
2) immoral - bad, wrong 3) FORTITUDE
3) amoral - neither good nor bad - firmness of mind
- the courage to endure without yielding
HUMAN ACTS - the virtue that incites courage
- acts that are done knowingly, deliberately and freely
a) PATIENCE – calmness and composure in
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACTS enduring situations
b) PERSEVERANCE – the ability to go on despite
1) KNOWINGLY the obstacles
- when the person fully understands what he is doing c) ENDURANCE – the ability to last
and has the ability to appreciate the consequences of 4) JUSTICE
his actions - the virtue that inclines the will to give to each one of his
2) DELIBERATELY rights
- when the person did his actions intentionally
3) FREELY
- when the person performed his actions voluntarily THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

TWO DIVISIONS OF ETHICS 1) COMMUTATIVE

- virtue that regulates those actions that involve the rights
1) GENERAL ETHICS that exist between one and another
- the study of the general principles of morality 2) DISTRIBUTIVE
- Regulates those actions that involve the rights than an
2) SPECIAL ETHICS
individual may claim from society
- the study of the application of the general principles of
3) LEGAL
morality; included in this division is the category of
- virtue that regulates those actions which society may
professional ethics
justly require of the individual for the common good

RIGHT
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a set of moral code to which every profession must
- anything that is owed or due
subscribe
- something to which a person has a just and lawful claim
- guides the professional where the law is silent or
- anything that a person can lawfully demand
inadequate
HUMAN RIGHTS
POLICE ETHICS
- an example of professional ethics - rights pertaining to the rights of man
- a practical science that treats the principle of human - rights inherent to man by virtue of being a human being
morality and duty as applied to law enforcement - are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life,
dignity and to self-development
VALUES
supreme rights = highest form of rights
 inherent rights = rights attached to men as human
inalienable rights = rights that cannot be transferred,
cannot be borrowed and cannot be taken away
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
1) RIGHT TO LIFE
Exceptions:
self-defense
death under exceptional circumstances
death penalty
2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY
Exceptions:
for reasons of public health and public safety
penalty for commission of a crime
circumstances of warrantless arrests
3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Exceptions:
circumstances of warrantless search
by virtue of court order
BILL OF RIGHTS
- a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are
guaranteed and protected under Article III of the 1987
Philippine Constitution
- protection of individuals against abuses of the state
- protection of the rights of an accused
DUTY
- anything we are obliged to do or to omit
- a moral obligation incumbent upon a person of doing,
omitting or avoiding
- for every right, there is a corresponding duty
PART TWO
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
SECTION 37, RA 6975
“There shall be established a performance evaluation
system which shall be administered in accordance with the
rules, regulations and standards, and A CODE OF CONDUCT
promulgated by the Commission for members of the PNP…”
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4
- resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the
draft of the Philippine National Police Code of
Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards by the
PNP
- approved on 12 March 1992
PURPOSES OF THE CODE
1) To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline
and organizational effectiveness, as well as respect
for constitutional and human rights of citizens,
democratic principles and ideals and the supremacy
of civilian authority over the military;
2) To set the moral tone and norms of professional
conduct in the police service;
3) To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP
members; and
4) To enlighten members of the police service of what
behavior is really acceptable – to define what is
permitted and what is prohibited.
LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE
1) RA 3019 – Anti-Graft and Corruption Practices Act
2) RA 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards
for Public Officials and Employees
3) RA 7080 – Anti-Plunder Act
4) RA 9485 – the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007
5) PLEB Rules and Regulations
IMPORTANT TERMS
NON-FEASANCE
- the failure to perform an act or duty that is part of
one’s obligation without sufficient excuse
MALFEASANCE
- the commission of an act that one is prohibited to do
MISFEASANCE
- the improper or incorrect performance of an act that
should be done or performed
INCOMPETENCY
- lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory
performance of police duties; could be due to physical
or intellectual limitations or lack of skill
Gratuities – are material favors or gifts in return for service;
the universal code of ethics for law enforcers disapproves
gratuities.
The lingo pasasalamat" "Padulas" and "pabagsak"
are commonly used term for gratuities.
→"Pasasalamat" refers to the acceptance of gifts, money or
favor as a result of an act performed by a police officer or
public servant.
→""Pabagsak" is used to denote the giving of money or
favor and acceptance of any public to perform his or her
functions.
→""Padulas" refers to the taking of money, gifts or favors
from others by a public servant to expedite the performance
of official functions.
Police Brutality – denotes unreasonable and
unnecessary use of force, commonly done in effecting
arrests of criminal offenders, fugitives from justice and
suspects or abuse in the manner of executing a warrant
of arrest, search and seizure.
DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT
- abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the
government of the Philippines
- advocating to overthrow the present administration
POLICE DISCRETION
- the act or the liberty to decide according to the
principles of justice and the police officer’s ideas of
what is right and proper under the circumstances
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS
As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is
to serve mankind; to safeguard life and property; to protect the
innocent against deception; the weak against oppression or
intimidation; and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and
to respect the constitutional rights of all men, to liberty, equality
and justice.
I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to
all; maintain courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or
ridicule; develop self-restraint and be constantly mindful of the
welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my
personal and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the
laws of the land and regulations of my organization. Whatever
I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided to me
in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation
is necessary in the performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings,
prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence my decision.
With no compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution
of criminal, I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately,
without fear or favor, malice or ill-will, never employing
unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities in
return.
 I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of
public faith and I accept it as a public trust to be held so long
as I am true to the ethics of police service. I will never engage
in acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I condone such acts by
other police officers. I will cooperate with all legally authorized
agencies and their representatives in the pursuit of justice.
I know that I alone am responsible for my own
standard of professional performance and will take every
reasonable opportunity to enhance and improve my level of
knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to achieve
these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to
my chosen profession... law enforcement.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL
CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS
CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
1) Primordial Police Responsibility
-the primary responsibility of the police is crime
prevention
2) Limitation of Police Authority
- laws set limits to the power of the police
- police officers are not exempted from
obeying the laws they are enforcing
3) Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibilities
- police officers are expected to know and
understand the laws they are enforcing
- police officers must fully understand their duties
and responsibilities as police officers
- police officers must know and fully understand
the relationship of the PNP organization with
other law enforcement agencies and other
government agencies
4) Use of Proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends
- - police officers must only employ legal methods
in the conduct of their work
5) Cooperation with Public Officials
- police officers must cooperate with other public
officials and government agencies
6) Proper Conduct and Behavior
- police officers must always observe proper
conduct and behavior both in their personal and
official life
7) Conduct towards the Community
- police officers must never forget that they are
public servants
8) Conduct in Arresting Law Violators
- - police officers must always adhere to the
prescribed rules when effecting arrests
of suspects
9) Firmness in Refusing Gifts
- police officers must never ask for nor accept gifts or
special favors
10) Impartial Presentation of Evidence
- police officers must be fair in presenting evidence
11) Attitude towards Police Profession
- police officers must have a high regard for the police
profession and must be proud that they are
police officers
- police officers must strive to improve their
knowledge and skills in order be the best police
officers that they can be
PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE
1) Prevention of Crime and Disorder
- it is the primary objective of the police to prevent
crime
2) Cooperation of the Community
- the police is dependent upon community support
3) Unreasonable Force Reduces Community
Cooperation
- the use of unreasonable force on the part of the
police negatively affects the desire of the people to
cooperate with the police
4) Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is not
Sufficient
- the police may only use force when dialogue is no
longer effective and the degree of force to be used
must be reasonable
5) Impartial Enforcement of Laws
- the police must be fair in enforcing the laws
6) The Community are the Police
- the police and the community are dependent on
each other and must work hand in hand to prevent
crimes
7) Police should not Usurp Judicial Power
- the police has no power or authority to decide
whether a suspect is guilty or innocent of a crime
because only the court has this power
8) Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed
- the police must always adhere to the prescribed
procedures in the performance of their duty
9) Reduction of Crime and Disorder
- the effectiveness of the police is measured through
the ability of the police to prevent crime
10) Police Discretion
- the police must never abuse the police discretion
granted to them
PNP CORE VALUES
1) Love of God
2) Respect for Authority
3) Selfless Love and Service to People
4) Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women
5) Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over Material
Things
6) Truthfulness
POLICE OFFICER’S CREED
I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great
Provider, and the Creator of all men and everything dear to
me. In return, I cannot less than love Him above all, seek His
guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor
Him at all times.
I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I
respect and uphold the Constitution, the laws of the land and
the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy
and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal
orders of my superior officers.
I believe in selfless love and service to people.
Towards this end, I commit myself to the service of my
fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect
for women. I shall set the example of decency and morality
and shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship
over material things. I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious
display of my property. I shall protect the environment and
conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall respect
private and public properties and prevent others from
destroying them.
I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be
trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all times as required
by the profession.
PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES
1) PNP IMAGE
- the PNP shall live in accordance with the PNP Core
Values and shall possess the following virtues:
a) HONOR
b) INTEGRITY
c) VALOR
d) JUSTICE
e) HONESTY
f) HUMILITY
g) CHARITY
h) LOYALTY TO SERVICE
2) CAREER MANAGEMENT
- the PNP shall formulate and implement policies and
human resources development system for all PNP
personnel, from recruitment to retirement
3) POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
- the primary basis for consideration in the selection of
personnel for employment and deployment shall be
the individual’s capabilities and competent leadership
4) EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE
 - there shall be judicious and equitable distribution of
opportunity to prove one’s worth in the PNP service;
- the PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule of merit and
fitness system
5) DELICADEZA
- all members of the PNP must have moral courage to
sacrifice self-interest
6) POLICE LIFESTYLE
- the PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle that is
acceptable and respectable in the eyes of the public
because the public expects a police officer to live a
simple, yet dignified life
7) POLITICAL PATRONAGE
- all PNP members must inhibit themselves from
soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining to
assignments, promotions, trainings and awards
8) HUMAN RIGHTS
- all PNP members shall respect and protect human
dignity and man’s rights to life, liberty and property
POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1) COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY
- police officers must commit themselves to a
democratic way of life and values and maintain the
principle of public accountability
- they shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be
loyal to the legitimate government
2) COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST
- police officers must always uphold public interest over
and above personal interest
- they shall use public resources and properties
economically and judiciously to avoid wastage of
public funds
3) NON-PARTISANSHIP
- police officers shall provide services to everyone
without discrimination regardless of political affiliation
in accordance with existing laws and regulations
4) PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH
- police officers shall strive to be physically and
mentally fit and in good health at all times
5) SECRECY DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall guard the confidentiality of official
information against unauthorized access and
disclosure
6) SOCIAL AWARENESS
- police officers, as well as their immediate family
members, shall be encouraged to actively get
involved in religious, social and civic activities to
enhance the image of the PNP organization
7) NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE
- police officers shall seek self-improvement through
career development without directly or indirectly
soliciting favors or recommendation from politicians,
high-ranking government officials and the like
8) PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY
- police officers shall be responsible for the security,
proper care and use of public authority issued to them
for the performance of their duties
9) RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
- police officers shall respect and protect human rights
in the performance of their duty
10) DEVOTION TO DUTY
- police officers shall perform their duties with
dedication, thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm,
determination and manifest concern for public welfare
11) CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
- police officers shall help in the development and
conservation of our natural resources for ecological
balance and posterity
12) DISCIPLINE
- police officers shall conduct themselves properly at all
times in keeping with the rules and regulations of the
organization
13) LOYALTY
- police officers must be loyal to the Constitution and to
the police service as manifested by their loyalty to
their superiors, peers and subordinates as well
14) OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS
- police officers shall obey lawful orders and be
courteous to superior officers and other appropriate
authorities
15) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- immediate commanders shall be responsible for the
effective supervision, control and direction of their
personnel
ETHICAL STANDARDS
- shall refer to established and generally accepted
moral values and ethical acts
1) MORALITY
- police officers must adhere to high standard of morality
and decency and shall set good example for others
2) JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY
- police officers shall exercise proper and legitimate use of
authority and discretion in the performance of their duty
3) INTEGRITY
- police officers shall not allow themselves to be victims of
corruption and dishonest practices
4) JUSTICE
- police officers shall strive constantly to respect the rights
of others
5) HUMILITY
- police officers shall recognize the fact that they are public
servants and not the masters of the people
- they should perform their duties without arrogance
- they should recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities
and limitations as individuals
- they should perform their duties without attracting
attention or expecting the applause of others
6) ORDERLINESS
- police officers shall follow logical procedures in
accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize
wasted time and resources
7) PERSEVERANCE
- police officers must exert all efforts to achieve their
goal or mission even in the face of difficulties and
obstacles
CORRUPT POLICE UNIT
The five categories of officers who could possibly exist in a
corrupt police officer or unit.
1. White Knights- These policemen are straightforward
fellow.
2. Straight Shooters- These are honest policemen who are
ready to hide the corrupt practices of their comrades as part
of camaraderie.
3. Grass Eaters or Vegetarian Cops –are police officers
who engage in relatively minor type of corruption
opportunities as they present themselves.
4. Meat Eaters or Carnivorous Cops- are police officers
who actively seek out corruption opportunities and engaged
in both minor and major patterns of corruption.
5. Rogues – are policemen who are considered having all
the deviant behaviors of a corrupt policemen.
PNP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
CUSTOMS
- established usage or social practices carried on by
tradition that have obtained the force of law
PNP CUSTOMS ON COURTESY
- a manifestation or expression of consideration and
respect for others
SALUTE
 - the usual greeting rendered by uniformed personnel upon
meeting and recognizing persons entitled to it
SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD
- police officers must stand at attention and salute the
national color and standard as it passes by them or when
the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies
ADDRESS/TITLE
- junior in rank must address senior members who are
entitled to a salute with the “Sir” or “Ma’am”
COURTESY CALLS
1) COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY-ASSIGNED/APPOINTED
MEMBER
- PNP members who are newly-assigned or appointed to a
unit or command must call on the chief of the unit or
command and to other key personnel for accounting,
orientation and other purposes
2) CHRISTMAS CALL
- PNP members pay a Christmas call on their local
executives in their respective area of responsibility
3) NEW YEAR’S CALL
- PNP members pay a New Year’s call on their
commanders and/or key officials in their respective area
of responsibility
4) PROMOTION CALL
- newly-promoted PNP members call on their unit head
5) EXIT CALL
- PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in the
unit or command when relieved or reassigned out of said
unit or command
COURTESY OF THE POST
- the host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who
pay respect to the command or unit
“RANK-HAS-ITS-OWN-PRIVILEGE”
- PNP members must acknowledge that different ranks
carry with them corresponding privileges
CEREMONY
- a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs
or authority as proper to special occasion
PNP CUSTOMS ON CEREMONIES
FLAG-RAISING CEREMONY
- PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the
National Anthem before the start of the official day’s work
FLAG-RETREAT CEREMONY
- PNP members salute the lowering of the flag at the end
of the official day’s work
HALF-MAST
- the flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased
uniformed members of the command
FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS
- departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or
former PNP members are given vigil, necrological
services and graveside honors
CEREMONY TENDERED TO RETIREES
- in recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service
to the PNP, a testimonial activity shall be tendered in
their honor
HONOR CEREMONIES
- arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to
visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with the rank of
Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of
equivalent grade
TURN-OVER CEREMONY
- the relinquishment and assumption of command or key
position is publicly announced by the outgoing and
incoming officers
WEDDING CEREMONY
- during marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is
conducted with participants in uniform and swords
drawn
ANNIVERSARY
- the birth or institutional establishment of a command
or unit is commemorated in an anniversary ceremony
SOCIAL DECORUM
- a set of norms and standards practiced by members
during social and other functions
PNP CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM
Police Customs on Social Decorum
- The following are police customs on social decorum:
1. Proper Attire - PNP members always wear appropriate
and proper attire in conformity with the occasion.
2. Table Manners - PNP members observe table etiquette
at all times.
3. Social Graces - PNP members conduct themselves
properly in dealing with people during social functions.
4. Uniform/Appearance - The public looks upon a PNP
member as distinctively a man among men. It is a
welcome sight when PNP members wear their uniform
properly wherever they may be.
OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS
1) Visiting the Sick
- immediate commanders or other available officers of
the unit visit PNP members who are sick in the
hospital, their residence or any place of confinement
in order that their needs are attended to
2) Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members
- a survivor officer is designated whenever PNP
members die, to render maximum assistance to their
bereaved family until all benefits due shall have
been received
3) Visiting Religious Leaders
- PNP officer visit religious leaders in their areas of
assignment to establish or maintain rapport and
cooperation between the different religious leaders
and the PNP
4) Athletics
- PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities to
ensure that their proper physical appearance
and bearing are maintained with the waist line
measurement always smaller than the size of his
chest and in conformity with the standard set
forth by the organization
5) Happy Hours
- usually on Friday, or any other day suitable for the
occasion, PNP members gather together at their PNP
Club for a light-hearted jesting or airing of minor
gripes
TRADITION
- bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed
down from generation to generation with the effect of an
unwritten law
POLICE TRADITIONS
1) SPIRITUAL BELIEFS
- PNP members are traditionally religious and God-
loving persons; they attend religious services together
with the members of their family
2) VALOR
- police officers sacrifice their lives and limbs for the
people they have pledged to serve
3) PATRIOTISM
- police officers manifest their love of country with a pledge
of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the
Constitution
4) DISCIPLINE
 - police officers manifest discipline by instinctive obedience
to lawful orders and through spontaneous actions
towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by
moral, ethical and legal norms
5) GENTLEMANLINESS
- police officers are upright in character, polite in manners,
dignified in appearance and sincere in their concern for
their fellowmen
6) WORD OF HONOR
- police officers stand by, and commit to uphold, their word
7) DUTY
- police officers are dedicated public servants who perform
their tasks with a deep sense of responsibility and self-
sacrifice
8) LOYALTY
- police officers are traditionally loyal to the organization,
country and fellowmen
9) CAMARADERIE
- the binding spirit that enhances teamwork and
cooperation in the police organization
POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE
1) I will love and serve God, my country and people;
2) I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal
orders of the duly-constituted authorities
3) I will oblige myself to maintain a high standard of
morality and professionalism
4) I will respect the customs and traditions of the
police service; and
5) I will live a decent and virtuous life and to serve
as an example to others.
PART THREE
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR)
BACKGROUND ON POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
Section 2 of Republic Act No 6975 reads:
SECTION 2.    Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby declared to
be the policy of the State to promote peace and order, ensure
public safety and further strengthen local government
capability aimed towards the effective delivery of the basic
services to the citizenry through the establishment of a highly
efficient and competent police force that is national in scope
and civilian in character. Towards this end, the State shall
bolster a system of coordination and cooperation among
the citizenry, local executives and the integrated law
enforcement and public safety agencies created under this
Act.
Said provision was later amended by RA 8551, which reads:
Section 2.    Declaration of Policy and Principles. — It is hereby
declared the policy of the State to establish a highly efficient
and competent police force which is national in scope and
civilian in character administered and controlled by a national
police commission.  secure and maintain public respect.
The Philippine National Police (PNP) shall be a community
and service oriented agency responsible for the maintenance
of peace and order and public safety.
PNP VISION
The Men and Women of the PNP is committed to a
vision of a professional, dynamic and highly motivated
Philippine National Police working in partnership with a
responsive community towards the attainment of a safe
place to live, work, invest and do business with.
PNP MISSION
To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to
maintain peace and order, and to ensure public safety and
internal security with the active support of the community
IMPORTANT TERMS
POLICE
- a group of persons established, maintained and
organized for keeping order, safety, protection of lives
and property and for prevention and detection of crimes
COMMUNITY
- refers to the civilian populace or the public in
general, and shall be used interchangeably with the
terms, public, citizenry, society and private sector
- a body of people organized into political, municipal
or social unity or a body of persons living in the same
locality
- derived from the Latin words, communis, which
means common, and tatis which means fellowship
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
- the sum total of the dealings between the police and the
people it serves, and whose goodwill and cooperation it
craves, for the greatest possible efficiency in the service
- refers to the reciprocal attitudes of the police and the
community
PUBLIC RELATIONS
- the act of bringing about better understanding,
confidence and acceptance for an individual or an organization
POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS
- the continuing process by which endeavors are made
to obtain the goodwill and cooperation of the public for effective
enforcement of the law and accomplishment of the police
purposes
HUMAN RELATIONS
- consist of the fundamental rules both moral and legal,
which govern the relationship of men in all aspects of life
MEDIA/MASS MEDIA
- the channels through which information is
disseminated to the public
- may be in the form of television, movies, radio or
newspaper, and the like
PROPAGANDA
- the planned use of mass communication for public
purpose
POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE
- refers to how the people in the community perceive or
regard the police
PRINCIPLES OF POLICING BY SIR ROBERT PEEL
1) The basic mission for which police exist is to prevent
crime and disorder as an alternative to the repression
of crime and disorder by military force and severity of
legal punishment.
2) The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent upon public approval of police existence,
actions, and behavior and the ability of the police to
3) The police must secure the willing cooperation of the
public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to
secure and maintain public respect.
4) The degree of the cooperation of the public that can
be secured diminishes proportionately the necessity
for the use of physical force and the compulsion in
achieving police objectives.
5) The police seek and preserve public favor, not by
catering to public opinion, but by constantly
demonstrating absolutely impartial service to the law,
in complete independence of policy, and without
regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of
individual laws; by ready offering of individual service
and friendship to all members of society without
regard to their race or social standing, by ready
exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor, and by
ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and
preserving life.
6) The police should use physical force to the extent
necessary to secure observance of the law or to
restore order only when the exercise of persuasion,
advice and warning is found to be insufficient to
 achieve police objectives; and police should use only
the minimum degree of physical force that is
necessary on any particular occasion for achieving
police objectives.
7) The police at all times should maintain a relationship
with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition
that the police are the public and the public are the
police; the police are only members of the public who
are paid to give full-time attention to duties that are
incumbent on every citizen in the intent of community
welfare.
8) The police should always direct their actions toward
their functions and never appear to usurp the powers
of the judiciary by avenging individuals or the state, or
authoritatively judging guilt or punishing the guilty.
9) The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime
and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action
in dealing with them.
FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS
The foundation of community relations is EFFICIENT
SERVICE.
REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Sincerity in serving the public
2) Full knowledge of the job
3) Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a
necessary service to promote individual or national
welfare
4) Sound police ethics
5) High standard of management and operation
THREE (3) ASPECTS OF POLICE-COMMUNITY
RELATIONS
1) COMMUNITY SERVICE
- activities that provide service to the
community
may be in the form of medical-dental
mission, sports clinic, feeding programs, seminars,
etc
2) COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
- involvement of the community in the various
social projects, particularly, in the area of crime
prevention
- awareness of the community of their role in
crime prevention
3) PUBLIC RELATIONS
- activities directed at creating and maintaining
favorable impressions to the public
- projection of the police public image to the
people to gain their support and cooperation
OBJECTIVES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) To maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of
the community for the police;
2) To obtain cooperation and assistance;
3) To develop public understanding and support and
appreciation for the service of the police;
4) To create broader understanding and sympathy with the
problems and needs of the police;
5) To facilitate law enforcement and compliance;
6) To build public opinion in favor of the police;
7) To achieve the police purpose of preserving the peace,
protection of life and property, and the prevention of crime.
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Community support must be maintained.
2) Community resentment must be avoided.
3) Community goodwill must be developed.
4) Community must be kept informed.
THE POLICE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUAL AND
PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
Categories of Individual Public Relations
1. Domestic Relations- Police Officer’s dealing with his
family, parents and immediate relatives.
2. Neighborhood Relations- Police Officer’s dealing with
his neighbors.
3. Community Relations- Police Officers’ dealing with
citizens of the community, city or town where he lives, and
his membership or contribution to the civic organization or
community associations in the locality.
4. Church Relations- Police Officer’s dealings with the
religious congregation or faith where he belongs.
5. Government Relations- Police Officer’s dealings with the
government and its instrumentalities.
Categories of Professional Public Relations
1. Intra-Departmental Relations – Police Officers relations
with men and women in his own department, superiors,
the station commanders as well as the city or municipality
mayors where he is assigned.
2. Inter-Departmental Relations – Police Officers relations
with other police agencies.
3. Citizens’ Relations – includes all dealings or contacts
with the citizens in relation to the enforcement of the law
and maintenance of peace and order, together with the
giving of information to the public of criminal and non-
criminal activities.
4. Complainants’ Relation – includes a police officer’s
dealings with complaints, the techniques of interviews,
manner of approach, and treatment of witnesses, as well
as informers or assets.
5. Relation with Accused Persons – consists of proper
treatment of suspects, the recognition of their
constitutional rights during custodial investigation and the
handling of accused persons during confinement.
6. Relations with the State Prosecutors or Fiscals –
includes a peace officer’s duty to cooperate during
preliminary investigations and gatherings of further
evidence when so recovered by the fiscal.
7. Judicial Relations – consists of peace officer’s duties
towards the courts when appearing as witnesses and the
honesty in testimony.
8. Governmental Relations – includes his dealings with
other non police agencies of the government both national
and local; in connection with official duties such as request
for verification, coordination, or whatever help are needed.
FOUR (4) GENERAL APPROACHES IN POLICE-
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Externally-Oriented Approach
- directed towards the general public or various
enclaves within the society
2) Youth-Oriented Approach
- directed the majority of police efforts towards the
youth of the community
3) Service-Oriented Approach
- - emphasis is given to the alleviation of social problems as
the basic objective of the program
4) Internally-Oriented Approach
- - essential characteristics is the realization that the officer
on beat creates community relations because “Every
officer of the organization is a police-community relations
officer
TYPES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1) Public Information Program
-designed to bridge the communication gap between the
police and the public
Forms of Media Used:
a) Personal Media
- consists of face-to-face communication, such as
meetings, rallies, delivering speeches and house-to-
house visitation
b) Mass Media
- includes printed matter and audio-visual
communications
2) Public Relations Program
- designed to maintain harmony and mutual
support between the police and the community
- designed to “sell” the police to the public
3) Civic Action Program
- designed to maintain and encourage community
development
4) Psychological Program
- designed to condition both friendly and
hostile public, ensuring the facilitation of the attainment of
police objectives

DUTIES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER

1) He shall issue press releases from time to time regarding

police activities which are of public concern;
2) He shall build good image through actual commendable
performance, without inefficiency and corruption; and
3) He shall evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect
to policies, methods and personnel of the police station.

DUTIES OF CIVIC ACTION OFFICER

1) He shall encourage and actively participate in athletic

competitions to promote youth development by wisely
coordinating with the social elements of the populace;
2) He shall initiate fund-raising campaigns for juvenile
delinquents who are being rehabilitated;
3) He shall be alert to safeguard the community against loss
and damages to properties and possible death, in the
events of calamity;
4) He shall render possible assistance, especially to the men
folk in enabling them to obtain the means of productive
endeavors and discourage them from loitering in the street
or engaging uneconomic activities, such as illegal
gambling and others

MEASURES TO ENHANCE POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE

1) increased police visibility through the dispersal of

personnel from the headquarters to the field offices;
2) efficient and optimized delivery of police services to the
communities;
3) constant dialogue and meetings with the barangay officials
in their respective territorial jurisdictions;
4) Community service-oriented policing by conducting
seminars for the traffic aides, police aides and the
barangay tanod; and
5) Coordination with the media for image-enhancing projects.