A 2.

50 g sample of a metal carbonate was dissolved in water and the resulting

solution was treated with excess hydrochloric acid. The carbon dioxide that evolved
was absorbed in a solution of barium hydroxide, forming a precipitate of barium
carbonate. The precipitate was filtered, dried, and weighed. The mass of the barium
carbonate was found to be 3.56 g. What is the mass percent of the metal carbonate
in the original sample?

Solution:

The reaction that occurred is:

Metal carbonate + 2HCl → Metal chloride + CO2 + H2O

The balanced chemical equation is:

MCO3 + 2HCl → MCl2 + CO2 + H2O

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 1 mole of MCO3 produces 1
mole of BaCO3. Therefore, the moles of BaCO3 formed can be calculated as:

moles of BaCO3 = mass of BaCO3 / molar mass of BaCO3 moles of BaCO3 = 3.56 g /
197.34 g/mol moles of BaCO3 = 0.01802 mol

Since 1 mole of MCO3 produces 1 mole of BaCO3, the moles of MCO3 in the original
sample can be calculated as:

moles of MCO3 = moles of BaCO3 moles of MCO3 = 0.01802 mol

The mass of the metal carbonate in the original sample can be calculated as:

mass of MCO3 = moles of MCO3 x molar mass of MCO3 mass of MCO3 = 0.01802
mol x (molar mass of M + molar mass of C + 3 x molar mass of O) mass of MCO3 =
0.01802 mol x (molar mass of M + 12.01 g/mol + 3 x 16.00 g/mol) mass of MCO3 =
0.01802 mol x (molar mass of M + 60.03 g/mol) mass of MCO3 = 0.01802 mol x
(molar mass of M + 60.03 g/mol) mass of MCO3 = 0.01802 mol x (molar mass of M +
60.03 g/mol) mass of MCO3 = 0.01802 mol x (molar mass of M + 60.03 g/mol) mass
of MCO3 = 0.01802 mol x (molar mass of M + 60.03 g/mol) mass of MCO3 = 0.01802
mol x (molar mass of M + 60.03 g/mol)

Assuming the metal in the metal carbonate is calcium (Ca), the molar mass of M is:

molar mass of M = atomic mass of Ca molar mass of M = 40.08 g/mol

Substituting the value for the molar mass of M, we get:

mass of MCO3 = 0.01802 mol x (40.08 g/mol + 60.03 g/mol) mass of MCO3 = 1.62 g

Therefore, the mass percent of the metal carbonate in the original sample is:

mass percent = (mass of MCO3 / mass of sample) x 100% mass percent = (1.62 g /
2.50 g) x 100% mass percent = 64.8%

Therefore, the mass percent of the metal carbonate in the original sample is 64

A 1.000 g sample of an unknown compound containing only copper and chlorine is

dissolved in water and treated with an excess of silver nitrate solution. The resulting
precipitate is collected, dried, and weighed. The mass of the precipitate is 2.561 g.
What is the percent by mass of copper in the unknown compound?

1. Write the balanced chemical equation: AgNO3 + CuCl2 → AgCl + Cu(NO3)2

2. Calculate the moles of AgCl formed: The mass of AgCl formed is 2.561 g. The
molar mass of AgCl is 143.32 g/mol.

moles of AgCl = mass of AgCl / molar mass of AgCl moles of AgCl = 2.561 g / 143.32
g/mol moles of AgCl = 0.0179 mol

3. Calculate the moles of CuCl2 in the unknown compound: From the balanced
chemical equation, we know that one mole of CuCl2 reacts with two moles of
AgCl. Therefore, the number of moles of CuCl2 in the unknown compound is:

moles of CuCl2 = 0.5 x moles of AgCl moles of CuCl2 = 0.5 x 0.0179 mol moles of
CuCl2 = 0.00895 mol

4. Calculate the mass of Cu in the unknown compound: From the balanced

chemical equation, we know that one mole of CuCl2 contains one mole of Cu.
Therefore, the mass of Cu in the unknown compound is:

mass of Cu = moles of CuCl2 x molar mass of CuCl2 x (atomic mass of Cu / formula

mass of CuCl2) mass of Cu = 0.00895 mol x 134.45 g/mol x (63.55 g/mol / 134.45
g/mol) mass of Cu = 0.246 g

5. Calculate the percent by mass of Cu in the unknown compound: The mass of

the unknown compound is 1.000 g. Therefore, the percent by mass of Cu in
the unknown compound is:
percent by mass of Cu = (mass of Cu / mass of unknown compound) x 100% percent
by mass of Cu = (0.246 g / 1.000 g) x 100% percent by mass of Cu = 24.6%

Therefore, the percent by mass of copper in the unknown compound is 24.6%.